BJU Chemistry 3rd Edition Chapter 5
Uranium (U)
Actinide
Lithium (Li)
Alkali Metal
Cesium (Cs)
Alkali Metals
Calcium (Ca)
Alkaline-Earth Metals
Sulfur (S)
Called brimstone in the Bible
Sodium (Na)
Constituent of table salt
Aluminium (Al)
Constitute of bauxite
Linus Pauling
Devised the commonly used elecronegativity scale
Johann Dobereiner
Formulated the concept of traids
Silicon (Si)
Found in glass and many minerals
Hydrogen (H)
Gas chemically similar to alkali metals
Fluorine (F), Hydrogen (H), Helium (He), Oxygen (O)
Gaseous at room temperature
Phosphorus (P)
Glows in the dark
Bromine (Br)
Halogen
Ordering the elements in groups
How was the problem of several elements in odd places in Mendeleev's Table fixed?
Cerium (Ce)
Lanthanide
Bromine (Br), Mercury (Hg)
Liquid at room temperature
Antimony (Sb)
Metalloid
Fluorine (F)
Most electronegative element
Argon (Ar)
Noble Gas
Henry Moseley
Ordered the periodic table by atomic number
Dmitri Mendeleev
Played a lead role in developing the structure of the modern periodic table and predicted the existence of several missing elements at the time of his work
John Newlands
Proposed that elemental properties varied in octaves
Gold (Au)
Relatively inactive solid metal
Iodine (I)
Required for proper function of the thyroid gland
Calcium (Ca) and Magnesium (Mg)
Responsible for making water hard
Caesium (Cs), Potassium (K), Sodium (Na)
Soft Metal
Group 1,2, and 13-18
The groups that are considered the representative groups
Organizes the elements so their properties can be remembered
The purpose of the periodic table
Iron (Fe)
Transition Metals
Tungsten (W)
Transition Metals
Periods or Series
Two names for the horizontal rows in the periodic table
Groups or Families
Two names for the vertical rows in the periodic table
Helium (He)
Used in balloons
They are soft and have low densities
What is most atypical about the alkali metals compared to other metals?
Arsenic (As) and Germanium (Ge)
Which of the 18 elements in the 4th period are semiconductors?
Bromine (Br) and Krypton (Kr)
Which of the 18 elements in the 4th period has the highest electronegativity?
Potassium (K)
Which of the 18 elements in the 4th period has the largest atomic radius, smallest first ionization energy, lowest electronegativity, and is found in salt replacements?
Bromine (Br)
Which of the 18 elements in the 4th period has the lowest electron affinity?
Krypton (Kr)
Which of the 18 elements in the 4th period is one of the least reactive elements?
Barium (Ba)
Which of the stable alkaline-earth metals (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba) has the largest atomic radius, has the largest ionic radius, and has the smallest electronegativity?
Berylium (Be)
Which of the stable alkaline-earth metals (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba) has the largest ionization energy?
Chlorine anions are chlorine atoms that gain electrons
Why are chlorine anions larger than chlorine atoms?
Sodium cations are sodium atoms that lost their outer shell
Why are sodium cations smaller than sodium atoms?
Chlorine (Cl) is less active
Why was chlorine (Cl) isolated before fluorine (F)?
They do not occur naturally
Why were pure metals like gold, silver and copper known in Old Testament times but metals like sodium, aluminum, and potassium not discovered until relatively recently?
The table was organized by mass
Why were several elements in odd places in Mendeleev's Table?