Bless thou with Practice quiz

A person who is careless and disorganized most clearly ranks low on the Big Five trait dimension of:

conscientiousness

Abdul mistakenly believes that his classmates are unusually hostile. In fact, Abdul is the most quarrelsome and aggressive child in the school. According to psychoanalytic theory, Abdul's belief that his classmates are hostile is a:

projection

Free association is central to the process of:

psychoanalysis

Sigmund Freud called his theory of personality and the associated treatment techniques

psychoanalysis

Carl Rogers suggested that the ________ is a central feature of personality.

self-concept

The humanistic perspective emphasized the importance of:

self-determination.

Athletes often attribute their losses to bad officiating. This best illustrates:

self-serving bias.

According to Freud, the unconscious is:

the thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories, of which we are largely unaware.

Characteristic patterns of behavior and motivation are called:

traits

The instrument or test of personality which requires the scores being interpreted by a theorist or psychologist is

a projective test.

Learned helplessness is most likely to result from:

an external locus of control.

Emma believes that she will succeed in business if she works hard and carefully manages her time. Her belief most clearly illustrates:

an internal locus of control.

Bertha is tall, thin, and frail. She enjoys studying and reading science fiction novels. She prefers to be alone rather than in a large group. According to Sheldon's somatotype theory of personality, she is

ectomorph

Which Freudian personality system is guided by the reality principle

ego

According to Freud, defense mechanisms are used by the:

ego to prevent threatening impulses from being consciously recognized.

The body classification which describes a person who is overweight is called

endomorph

During the early psychosexual stages, the id's psychic energy is focused on:

erogenous zones.

Dominic has a very active set of defense mechanisms that constantly affect his thoughts and behavior. The defense mechanisms are

his ego's attempt to control anxiety and guilt.

Roland was hungry, so he went to McFood Place. But when he got in line, he realized he didn't have any money. He saw a woman set her french fries down on a table, then walk away. Roland quickly grabbed the fries and left. According to Freud, Roland's actions were driven by his __________, which operates on the __________ principle.

id; pleasure

Suzy was tempted to cheat on her exam, but quickly remembered that cheating is wrong and immoral. Freud would say that the thought that cheating was wrong come from the

superego

The tendency to accept favorable descriptions of one's personality that could really be applied to almost anyone is known as:

the Barnum effect.

Hayden is at Subway, and he overhears a group of friends at a table talking about why people are innately afraid of snakes. One guy says it is because we inherit memories from our ancestors but that we are not consciously aware of these memories. Everyone laughs at him. Hayden turns to their table and says, "I've heard of that theory. It's known as

the collective unconscious."

The Big-five traits are conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism, and

Openness to experience

Many of Freud's contemporaries disagreed with his ideas. Who placed more emphasis on the innate desire for self-fulfillment and a striving for superiority

Alfred Adler

Stan is the youngest in a very competitive family. As a result, Stan often does not get attention or succeed in family activities. Stan's classmates have noticed that he strives to win at all classroom activities. Which neo-Freudian would state that Stan's competitiveness is in response to his childhood experience

Alfred Adler

Brad Bushman and Roy Baumeister found that when criticized, people with unrealistically high self-esteem

Became exceptionally aggressive

Mother Theresa's altruism showed in everything she did. According to Alport's trait theory, Mother Theresa's altruism was

a cardinal trait

Everyone who knows him describes Tom as a caring person. No matter what the situation, he is always there to offer support to those who need it. According to Gordon Allport, Tom's display of caring would be an example of what trait

Central

Albert Bandura proposed that the social-cognitive perspective, which

Emphasizes the interaction of out traits with our situation

Critics of humanistic psychology have suggested that this theory fails to appreciate the reality of our human capacity for

Evil

When 2-year-old Matthew was told he would get no dessert until he finished the food on his plate, he threw his plate on the floor in a temper tantrum. Freud would have suggested that Matthew was unable to resist the demands of his:

Id

The person who developed the concepts of introversion and extroversion was

Jung

"Our personality is nothing more than acquired habits that we learned through our experience." What theory would support this statement

Learning

Dr. Zytowics wants to assess the extent to which a client is suffering from depression, social withdrawal, and other symptoms of an emotional disorder. Which personality inventory would be most helpful for this purpose

MMPI

A psychologist at a mental health center was confused about how to diagnose a client. Which objective personality test might the psychologist administer to help develop a diagnosis

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

Questionnaires covering a wide range of feelings and behaviors designed to assess several traits at once are called

Personality inventories

During which psychosexual stage does a boy develop strong sexual stages for his mother

Phallic stage

A baby cries in the middle of the night and demands immediate gratification from his or her care giver. Freud would suggest that this child's immediate gratification is based on the

Pleasure principle

Will received an "F" on his exam. He quickly pointed out to fellow classmates that the exam questions were not covered on the review and that the teacher had not indicated that they would be included in the exam. Will is exhibiting which type of defense mechanism

Rationalization

What do we call the ability to control impulses and delay gratification

Self control

Our_____ consists of all the thoughts and feelings we have in response to the question "Who am I?"

Self-concept

Overestimating the extent to which others notice and evaluate our appearance and performance is called:

Spotlight effect

Which is an example of a projective test, consisting of a set of ambiguous pictures about which people are asked to tell a story

TAT

According to Carl Rogers, when we are in a good marriage, a close family, or intimate friendship, we are free to be spontaneous without fearing the loss of others' esteem. He called the accepting attitude that enables the freedom

Unconditioned positive regard

Sigmund Freud believed that a person's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are determined by

Various unconscious influences

Which of the following is a good example of a Jungian archetype

Yan, who always roots for the underdog

The approach of the study of personality which relies on explaining personality through the use of learning theory is called

behaviorism

After Daniel had ballooned to a weight of 450 pounds, he became very stressed. When confronted about his stress and weight problem by his wife, he said, "It is healthy for me to maintain this weight because I'll live longer if a famine occurs." What defense mechanism is Daniel using

rationalization

Because Mr. Maloney trusts his employees, he treats them very kindly. His kindness leads them to work diligently on his behalf, which in turn increases his trust in them. This pattern of trust, kindness, diligence, and increasing trust illustrates what is meant by:

reciprocal determinism.

Coretta is quiet, pessimistic, anxious, and moody. In terms of the Eysencks' basic personality dimensions she would be classified as:

unstable-introverted.