Blood and Endocrine

The following is a list of events involved in the activation of a cell by a steroid hormone. Which one of the following answers best represents the order in which the steps occur? 1. cellular response to the hormone 2. activation of a gene 3. formation of a hormone-receptor complex 4. diffusion of the hormone through a target cell membrane 5. production of a protein

4, 3,2,5,1 diffusion of the hormone through a target cell membrane formation of a hormone-receptor complex activation of a gene production of a protein cellular response to the hormone

Cortisol production occurs in the __________ and is stimulated by the _____________? A. Adrenal Cortex; ACTH B. Thyroid Gland; TSH C. Adrenal medulla; FSH D. Thymus gland; Growth hormone

A. Adrenal Cortex; ACTH

Which one of the following is required in the diet in order for active thyroid hormones to be produced? A. Iodine B. Iron C. Calcium D. Zinc

A. Iodine

Which of the following is NOT a true statement? A. Most hormone systems function under a positive feedback system B. secretion of hormones occurs n short bursts C. signals from the nervous system regulate hormone secretion D. Chemical changes in the blood may determine concentration of hormone release E. Regulation of secretion prevents overproduction of a hormone

A. Most hormone systems function under a positive feedback system

Which one of the following nonhormonal chemical messengers is important in local control of blood flow and blood clotting? A. Prostaglandins B. Histamine C. Epidermal growth factor D. Nerve growth factor

A. Prostaglandins

Testosterone __________ A. Secretion is stimulated by LH B. is produced by the anteriror pituitary C. inhibits the production of aldosterone D. is produced at consistent levels throughout the life

A. Secretion is stimulated by LH

Which of the following layers of the Adrenal cortex is matched correctly? A. Zona reticularis synthesizes dehydroepiandosterone (DHEA) B. Zona glomerulosa synthesizes cortisol C. Zona fasciculate synthesizes aldosterone

A. Zona reticularis synthesizes dehydroepiandosterone (DHEA)

Agglutination of anti a and anti b are added to the blood sample. This type of blood would therefore be______.

AB

Results of an ABO blood typing indicate agglutination reactions when anti-A and anti-B are added to the blood sample. the blood type of the individual would therefore be _____

AB

Specific recognition proteins found on all cell surfaces (including red blood cell surfaces) are called____.

Antigens

Which of the following blood types can a person with type b blood safely receive in a blood transfusion?

B and O

Gives rise to plasma cells, which produce antibodies

B lymphocyte

Hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland control the activity of all of the following glands except the ---------? A. Ovaries B. Adrenal Medulla C. Thyroid gland D. Testes

B. Adrenal Medulla

Which hormone is not matched correctly with its principal action? A. gastrin increases stomach movement B. Erythropoietin (EPO) increases white blood cell production C. Leptin suppresses appetite D. atrial natriuretic peptide lowers blood pressure

B. Erythropoietin (EPO) increases white blood cell production

The ovaries of women function as endocrine organs by producing A. ADH B. Estrogen and progesterone C. Prostaglandins D. Growth Hormones

B. Estrogen and progesterone

Uptake of blood glucose by liver cells is stimulated by A. Prolactin B. Insulin C. glucagon D. Parathyroid hormone

B. Insulin

The nervous system and the endocrine system interact through the _________? A. Thyroid gland and the pituitary gland B. Pituitary gland and the hypothalamus C. Hypothalamus and the thyroid gland D. Anterior pituitary and the posterior pituitary

B. Pituitary gland and the hypothalamus

Which of these endocrine disorders is associated with the inability of the pancreas to produce insulin? A. Diabetes insipidus B. Type 1 Diabetes mellitus C. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus D. Addison's disease

B. Type 1 Diabetes mellitus

Histamine is released from this type of leukocyte to stimulate the inflammatory response.

Basophil

Leukocyte that releases histamine

Basophil

Transport of lipids and urea

Blood plasma

Transportation of co2, fighting infection, and regulation of blood ph

Both blood plasma and formed elements

All of the following statements about the endocrine system are true EXCEPT: A) Hormones are distributed via the circulatory system B) The endocrine system and the nervous system frequently interact C) Hormones act more quickly than the nervous system D) Hormones exert their effects on cells that have the specific hormone receptor.

C) Hormones act more quickly than the nervous system. This is FALSE

Which of the following is not an accurate description of the hypothalamus? A. The hypothalamus contains the cell bodies of neuroendocrine cells B. neuroendocrine cells in the hypothalamus store hormones in teh posterior pituitary. C. ADH stimulates the hypothalamus to produce oxytocin. D. The hypothalamus functions in both the nervous system and the endocrine system.

C. ADH stimulates the hypothalamus to produce oxytocin.

Which of the following would be triggered by a drop in blood CA2 levels? A. Increase in PTH secretion B Decrease in calcitonin secretion C. Both A and B

C. Both A and B (Increase in PTH secretion, Decrease in calcitonin secretion)

Which of the following hormones play a major role during the exhaustion stage of stress response or general adaptation syndrome? A. estradiol B. prolactin C. cortisol D. eicosanoids

C. Cortisol

Which of the following statements about glucagon is true? A. Glucagon promotes the uptake of glucose by liver and muscle cells B. Glucagon works with cortisol to lower blood glucose levels C. Glucagon causes glycogen to break down to form glucose D. Glucagon secretion is highest following a heavy meal.

C. Glucagon causes glycogen to break down to form glucose

During times of stress which one of the following structures releases CRH to stimulate anterior pituitary to release ACTH? A. Anterior pituitary B. Posterior pituitary C. Hypothalamus D. Adrenal medulla

C. Hypothalamus

Secretion of hormones from the anterior pituitary is closely regulated by the _____________? A. Posterior pituitary gland B. Adrenal Cortex C. Hypothalamus D. Cerebellum

C. Hypothalamus

The fight or flight response is initiated by the A. Adrenal medulla B. Pituitary gland C. Hypothalamus D. Adrenal Cortex

C. Hypothalamus

Which one of the following parts of the brain links to the endocrine system? A. Thyroid B. Anterior pituitary C. Hypothalamus D. Posterior pituitary

C. Hypothalamus

Which of the following are incorrectly paired? A. Growth hormone, acromegaly B. Thyroid; Graves disease C. Insulin and Diabetes insipidus D. Cortisol and Cushings syndrome

C. Insulin and Diabetes insipidus

Which of the following is a true statement? A. The levels of glucagon and insulin are based on a positive feedback system B. Hyperglcemia stimulates release of glucagon C. Insulin increases glycogenesis and lipogenesis D. Glucagon stimulates kidney cells to release glucose in to the blood E. Blood amino acid level is the most important regulator of insulin and glucagon.

C. Insulin increases glycogenesis and lipogenesis

Which hormone uses a second messenger mechanism? A. Testosterone B. Estrogen C. Norepinephrine D. Cortisol E. None of thes=e

C. Norepinephrine

Which of the following would be least likely to be affected by a tumor of the pituitary gland. A. Cortisol secretion B. lactation C.Secretion of epinephrine by the adrenal medulla D. Thyroid hormone secretion

C.Secretion of epinephrine by the adrenal medulla

Which of the following hormones are involved in normal functioning of the male reproductive system? A. Testosterone B. LH C. FSH D all of the above.

D. All of the Above, Testosterone LH and FSH

A goiter results from low dietary iodine levels A. Because ADH levels rise controllably B. Because he hypothalamus cannot be inhibited without iodine C. Due to the activity of the anterior pituitary gland D. Because thyroxine cannot be made which results in high levels of TSH

D. Because thyroxine cannot be made which results in high levels of TSH

Which of the following hormone and chemical messengers are produced exclusivly in males? A. Testosterone B. Melatonin C. Prostaglandins D. None of these choices

D. None of these choices

Which statement is not true of the interplay between PTH and calcitriol? A. Calcitriol increases calcium absorption from foods B. PTH increases resorption of bone C. High blood calcium levels increases calcitonin release D. PTH decreases Vitamin D levels E. PTH raises blood calcium levels

D. PTH decreases Vitamin D levels

Insulin helps regulate blood sugar levels by A. Stimulating the release of glucose from glycogen stores. B. Stimulating the breakdown of glycogen to glucose C. Activating hormone production in the posterior pituitary gland D. Promoting the entry of glucose in to the cells

D. Promoting the entry of glucose in to the cells

All of the following are true regarding estrogen and progesterone except which one? A. They stimulate development of female secondary sex characteristics B. They are released during a females reproductive years C. They regulate the menstrual cycle D. They are peptide hormones that activate target cells through the cyclic AMP second messenger mechanism

D. They are peptide hormones that activate target cells through the cyclic AMP second messenger mechanism

Which two endocrine glands exert the most control over blood calcium levels? A. Anterior pituitary and adrenal cortex B. adrenal cortex and thyroid C. Thyroid and ovaries D. Thyroid and parathyroid

D. Thyroid and parathyroid

Which of the following is true when describing the permissive effect of a hormone? A. A permissive hormone can cancel out the effect of another hormone B. This means two hormones have a greater effect than just one C. The hormone can act alone when having an effect on a tissue D. is usually the result of a second hormones exposure on target cells

D. is usually the result of a second hormones exposure on target cells

Which statement is correct regarding the relationship between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland? A. releasing hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary B. The activity of the hypothalamus is regulated by the pituitary gland C. the posterior lobe of the pituitary secretes inhibiting hormones D. the hypothalamus secretes releasing and inhibiting hormones that influence the pituitary gland.

D. the hypothalamus secretes releasing and inhibiting hormones that influence the pituitary gland.

Protects the body from parasitic infections

Eosinophil

Mature from a myeloblast

Eosinophil, neutrophil, and basophil

Blood clotting

Formed elements

Blood clots very slowly or not at all, severe bruises resulting from minor bumps is what condition?

Hemophilia

Vascular spasm, formation of a platelet plug, and coagulation are the three stages of _____.

Hemostasis

Secretion of hormones by the anterior pituitary gland is closely regulated by the?

Hypothalamus

Blood doping, practiced by many athletes involved in the Tour de France as well as other sports, involves the illegal use of drugs to____.

Increase the amount of oxygen carried in blood

Lutenizing hormone is considered a gondotropin because of which one of the following reasons? It promotes the growth of reproductive organs in both males and females It functions to complement the activity of TSH It triggers the production of gonadotropin hormones It stimulates the growth and development of gonads but only in females.

It promotes the growth of reproductive organs in both males and females

Which one of the following hormones stimulates the production of testosterone in males FSH LH growth hormone aldosterone

LH

Function to phagocytose worn out or damaged red blood cells

Macrophage

Platelets are actually cytoplasmic and cell membrane pieces of _____.

Megakaryocytes

Hemolytic disease of the newborn could result from which of the following situations?

Mom is Rh-; fetus is Rh+

The largest type of white blood cell

Monocytes

When in the tissues of the body, a white blood cell that differentiates into macrophages

Monocytes

When oxygen availability drops, certain cells in the kidney respond by producing erythropoietin, which in turn stimulates an increase in red blood cells. This cellular response represents_______.

Negative feedback

First white blood cell to combat infection

Neutrophil

The most abundant type of granulocyte

Neutrophil

Which white blood cells are present in the greatest number in the blood and are the bodies first responders to infection

Neutrophils

Unlike white blood cells, red blood cells lose their ____ and _____ as they mature.

Nucleus, organelles

Which two hormones most directly regulate lactation?

Oxytocin and Prolactin

About 55% of whole blood is____, which is mostly made up of water.

Plasma

Fragments of cells that are important in blood clotting are ____.

Platelets

A high hematocrit indicates____.

Polycythemia

A scientist is interested in doing a research project on hemoglobin. From which of the following could he extract the hemoglobin for his study?

Red blood cells

When the hormone erythropoietin is released in response to low oxygen levels, where is it transported to stimulate red blood cell production?

Red bone marrow

If an individual is O+, which of the following antigens are on the surface if his red blood cells?

Rh

Antigens on cell surfaces help a cell know the difference between________.

Self and non-self cells

------- Hormones enter target cells and bind to intracellular receptors whereas----- hormones bind to cell membranes receptors and never enter the target cells

Steroid and non steroid

An agranulocyte that targets and then destroys cancer cells and bacteria

T lymphocyte

Which of the following is both endocrine and exocrine 1. testis 2. ovary 3. pancreas

Testes, ovary and pancreas

Which of the following statements about the adrenal cortex or its hormones is true? A. The adrenal cortex secretes a mixture of steroid and nonsteroid hormones. B. The adrenal cortex secretes hormones that may decrease the inflammatory response and suppress the immune responses. C. The secretion of hormones by the adrenal cortex is controlled by the sympathetic division of the nervous system. D. Hypersecretion of cortisol and aldosterone is seen in Addison's disease.

The adrenal cortex secretes hormones that may decrease the inflammatory response and suppress the immune responses. Which of the follow

Which of these statements comparing the nervous system and endocrine system is true?

The nervous system enables more rapid communication and signaling than the endocrine system does.

If a person would stay at high altitudes for a long period of time, his hematocrit would increase in order to compensate for the decrease in the amount of oxygen in the air he is breathing.

True

True or false: Non steroid hormones are usually faster acting that steroid hormones

True

When a blood vessel gets damaged, contractions of smooth muscle referred to as ______ help constrict the vessels to reduce blood flow.

Vascular spasms

Which of the following is a component of blood plasma?

Water

"Granular" and "agranular" describe types of _____ blood cells.

White

Hormones act upon specific target tissues because a) they can be released only following depolarization of the target cell. b) target tissues display the appropriate receptor for a particular hormone c) They are released to target tissues so they cannot interact with other cells d) they interact only with target cells at a synapse.

b) target tissues display the appropriate receptor for a particular hormone

Which of the following is triggered by a drop in blood CA2+ levels? decrease in calcitonin secretion increase in PTH secretion increase in ADH secretion both increase in PTH secretion and decrease in calcitonin secretion

both increase in PTH secretion and decrease in calcitonin secretion

The target cells of an endocrine gland __________. a)Will always be in close proximity to the gland b) are connected to the gland by a nerve cell c) have specific receptors for the hormone d) respond to all endocrine hormones released by all endocrine glands

c) have specific receptors for the hormone

As we age, the decrease of which hormone is associated with the loss of muscle tissue? a) cortisol b) aldosterone c) human growth hormone d) estrogen e) thyroxine

c) human growth hormone

ACTH causes the release of A. aldosterone B.Cortisol C. Calcitonin D. Calcitrol E. aldosterone and cortisol

cortisol

steroid hormones exert their effect using a)cyclic AMP b) a second messenger c)neuroendocrine cells d) a hormone receptor complex

d) a hormone receptor complex

Non steroid hormones differ from steroid hormones in that they a) are water soulable b) cannot be stored c) bind to an intracellular receptor d) bind to receptors on the outer surface of the cell membrane

d) bind to receptors on the outer surface of the cell membrane

Hyposecretion of ADH results in reduced uptake of Blood glucose stimulation of protein synthesis diabetes insipidus an increase in the mass and length of bones

diabetes insipidus

The fight or flight response produces all of the following except? increased heart rate and force concentration dilation of vessels to the digestive organs increase in blood pressure decreased urine activity increased glycogenolysis

dilation of vessels to the digestive organs

insufficient production of growth hormone by the anterior pituitary may result in acromegaly giantism diabetes insipidus dwarfism

dwarfism

All of the following represent hormone pairs with antagonistic activities except parathyroid hormone and calcitonin aldosterone and ANH insulin and glucagon estrogen and progesterone

estrogen and progesterone

Which of the following hormones will be most active after a 24 hour fast? aldosterone glucagon oxytocin insulin

glucagon

Which one of the following hormone pairs is antagonistic in that they have opposing effects oxytocin, prolactin estrogen, progesterone epinepherine, norepinephrine glucagon, insulin

glucagon, insulin

What is not a function of the parathyroid glands increase formation of vitamin D increase the number of osteoclasts regulate the level of calcium in the blood increase bone resorption promote formation on calcitriol

increase the number of osteoclasts

Which two hormones most directly regulate lactation Oxytocin and prolactin progesterone and oxytocin estrogen and prolactin estrogen and progesterone

oxytocin and prolactn

Which gland is not strictly classified as and endocrine gland? thyroid gland adrenal gland pancreas pineal gland pituitary gland

pancreas

Hormones produced in the anterior pituitary will be released in response to -------------- produced by ----------------- Factors; thyroid releasing hormones; posterior pituitary releasing hormones; anterior pituitary releasing hormones; hypothalamus

releasing hormones; hypothalamus

Which one of the following causes the release of epinerphrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal medulla releasing hormones from the hypothalamus sympathetic nerves parasympathetic nerves ACTH from the anterior pituitary

sympathetic nerves

When Oxytocin is released during childbirth, the hormone targets cells in the A. Kidneys B. Uterus C. breasts D. Hypothalamus

uterus