Blood Vessels A&P

What feature distinguishes this type of capillary from a continuous capillary?

Fenestrations

________ form elaborate networks within tissues that allow very slow blood flow.

Sinusoids

What tissue types and features are found in the layer indicated by the red arrow?

Smooth muscle and elastic fibers

A vein that measures 5 mm would be considered

a medium vein.

In which of the following would the blood flow be highest?

a vessel 1.0 cm in diameter and 2 meters long

The direct interconnection of two arteries is called an arterial ________.

anastomosis

A(n) ________ is a bulge, or weakened wall, of an artery.

aneurysm

Which of these helps move blood around the systemic system?

arterial pressure greater than venous pressure

Arterial blood flow rises and falls during the cardiac cycle because __________.

arterial pressure rises and falls

Clinically, the term blood pressure usually refers to

arterial pressure.

What vessels contain elastic fibers in the walls that are stretched during systole?

arteries

Which of the following affects blood flow through the body?

blood viscosity vascular resistance turbulence vessel diameter All of the answers are correct

Which of the following factors will increase the net filtration pressure to move fluid out of capillaries?

both decreased plasma albumin and increased blood hydrostatic pressure

Arterioles feed blood into ________.

capillaries

Exchange between a blood vessel and the cells that surround it can occur only in

capillaries

The ________ are the only blood vessels whose walls are thin enough to permit blood-tissue exchange.

capillaries

The only vessels whose walls are thin enough to exchange with the surrounding cells are __________.

capillaries

These vessels may be continuous or fenestrated.

capillaries

Metabolites exchange by diffusion with tissue cells in which of the following locations?

capillary

What structure do RBCs move through single file?

capillary

Edema may occur when

capillary hydrostatic pressure is elevated. blood pressure is high. the plasma concentration of protein is reduced. endothelial permeability goes up. All of the answers are correct

The vascular pressure that declines from roughly 35 mm Hg to about 18 mm Hg is the

capillary hydrostatic pressure.

Venous valves are responsible for

channeling blood toward the heart.

The pressure difference between the base of the aorta and the right atrium is the ________.

circulatory pressure

Multiple arteries joined in order to serve a single capillary network are called ________.

collaterals

Capillaries that have a complete lining are called

continuous capillaries.

In liver disease, the production of plasma proteins can be greatly reduced. This often leads to __________.

decreased blood colloid osmotic pressure

Resistance is a force that

decreases blood flow.

Which of the following lumen diameters would be typical of a muscular artery?

0.4 cm

If blood pressure doubled, the blood flow through a vessel would be

doubled

Arteries have a tissue in their middle and internal vessel walls that veins contain less, called __________ tissue.

elastic

The common iliac artery is an example of which type of artery?

elastic

Averaged over a few heartbeats, venous return is ________ cardiac output.

equal to

Blood pressure is determined by

estimating the pressure needed to close off an artery with an external pressure cuff.

The layer between the tunica media and the tunica externa in a large artery is the

external elastic membrane.

Capillaries are continuous or ________.

fenestrated

Capillaries with a perforated lining are called

fenestrated capillaries.

The continual movement of fluid through the interstitial spaces produced by capillary filtration serves which of the following functions?

flushes hormones and wastes from the interstitial spaces helps carry toxins and bacteria to cells of the immune system assists the transport of insoluble substances that cannot enter the capillaries accelerates the distribution of nutrients and hormones All of the answers are correct

Elevated capillary hydrostatic pressure __________.

forces more fluid between endothelial cells

Compared to arteries, veins

have thinner walls.

Each of the following factors would increase cardiac output, except

increased blood concentration of glucose.

In large arteries, the thick layer of elastic fibers is called the

internal elastic membrane.

Blood pressure increases with all of the following, except increased

parasympathetic innervation.

The vessel that supplies a capillary plexus from an arteriole is called a(n) ________.

precapillary arteriole

The smallest arterial branches are called the

precapillary arterioles.

Blood flow through a capillary is controlled by the

precapillary sphincter.

Vasomotion refers to contraction-relaxation cycles of the __________.

precapillary sphincters

As blood travels from arteries to veins,

pressure drops.

Points where a muscular artery can be compressed against a bone to control severe bleeding are called ________.

pressure points

Blood moves forward through veins because of all of the following, except

pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein.

Venoconstriction ________ the amount of blood within the venous system, which ________ the volume in the arterial and capillary systems.

reduces; increases

The term ________ refers to all the factors that resist blood flow in the entire circulatory system.

total peripheral resistance

Which of the following layers of a vessel contains collagen fibers with scattered bands of elastic fibers?

tunica externa

Which of the following is the innermost layer of a blood vessel?

tunica intima

The layer of a blood vessel that is dominated by smooth muscle cells is called the __________.

tunica media

Which layer of a blood vessel contains concentric sheets of smooth muscle tissue?

tunica media

The layer of the arteriole wall that can produce vasoconstriction is the

tunica media.

The muscular layer in the wall of a blood vessel is the

tunica media.

The ________ are small blood vessels that nourish tissue components in the wall of large arteries and veins.

vasa vasorum

Each of the following factors would increase peripheral resistance, except

vasodilation

The opening and closing of the precapillary sphincter is called ________.

vasomotion

Venae cavae are the largest of what type of vessel?

vein

Venoconstriction reduces the diameter of which vessel?

vein

What vessels hold the largest percentage of the blood supply?

vein

Blood pressure is lowest in the

veins

The large vessels that return blood to the heart are called

veins

Venules feed blood into ________.

veins

Which part of the vascular system functions as a blood reservoir and contains over 60% of the body's blood?

veins

The increase in effective blood volume that results from venoconstriction is the ________.

venous reserve

The thoroughfare channel ends at the

venule

After blood leaves the capillaries, it enters the

venules

The small vessels that capillaries drain into are called

venules

Which of the following are the smallest venous vessels?

venules

Complications related to arteriosclerosis account for roughly ________ percent of deaths in the United States.

50

If a person has a blood pressure of 120/90, his mean arterial pressure would be ________ mm Hg.

100

Turbulent blood flow occurs

when there are sudden changes in vessel diameter. when there are irregularities in the vessel wall. when blood pressure is excessively high. at high flow rates. All of the answers are correct

Arrange the structures in the following list in the order that blood will encounter as it flows from the output side to the input side of the cardiovascular flow circuit. 1. venules 2. arterioles 3. capillaries 4. elastic arteries 5. medium veins 6. large veins 7. muscular arteries

4, 7, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6

List in correct order the sequence of blood vessels that blood would travel in the systemic circuit starting at the aorta. 1. venules 2. arterioles 3. capillaries 4. elastic arteries 5. medium veins 6. large veins 7. muscular arteries

4, 7, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6

What structure is indicated by the red arrow?

A precapillary sphincter

The main control of peripheral resistance occurs in the

arteriole

Which kind of vessel is also called a resistance vessel?

arteriole

Which vessel is known as a resistance vessel?

arteriole

Relative to the lumen, which of these vessels has the thickest tunica media?

arterioles

The main control of peripheral resistance occurs in the

arterioles

Blood flow to a tissue will increase if the

arterioles dilate.

In the condition known as ________, the wall of an artery becomes thicker and stiffer.

arteriosclerosis

A(n) ________ ________ (two words) is a direct connection between an arteriole and a venule.

arteriovenous anastomosis

In what vessel is blood pressure the highest?

artery

The condition known as ________ is characterized by the formation of fatty plaques within the wall of arteries.

atherosclerosis

Peripheral resistance depends on all of the following factors except __________.

blood colloid osmotic pressure

The inferior vena cava is classified as a(n)

large vein.

A sample of tissue displays many large flattened spaces lined by fenestrated endothelium. Blood moves slowly through these spaces. This tissue sample most likely came from the

liver

The brachial and femoral arteries are examples of which type of artery?

muscular

Factors that increase the risk of atherosclerosis include which of the following?

obesity high cholesterol smoking lack of exercise All of the answers are correct

Total peripheral resistance is related to all of the following, except the

osmolarity of interstitial fluids.

Which of the following is most likely to result from an aneurysm in a brain artery?

stroke

Arteriosclerosis can lead to

stroke. coronary artery disease. hypertension. myocardial infarction. All of the answers are correct

You would expect to find fenestrated capillaries in

the pituitary.

Of the following arteries, the one that is an elastic artery is

the subclavian artery.

After the precapillary arteriole, blood enters a ________.

thoroughfare channel