BMS 251 Lab 8 quiz
what is the function of the cardiac region of the stomach?
-secretes compounds that facilitate digestion -mixes food with gastric secretions -peristaltic contractions move contents toward pyloric sphincter
what is the function of pancreatic acini?
-secretion of several digestive enzymes and proenzymes
what is the function of the longitudinal muscle of the stomach?
hiatal opening and esophageal emptying
what is the function of the appendix?
local defense against infection
what is the function of the sublingual salivary gland?
lubricates the oral cavity which allows for swallowing, initiating digestion, buffering pH, and dental hygiene
what is the function of the teeth?
mastication (mechanical digestion)
what is mastication?
mechanical digestion; chewing up food into a bolus
peristalsis
muscular contraction that propels the food through the length of esophagus
what cells line the mucosal layer of the esophagus?
non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
what enzymes are released by chief cells into the stomach?
pepsinogen
what is the function of the soft palate?
prevent food and liquid from entering the nasal cavities, and also assist in speech and swallowing
what is the function of the parotid salivary gland?
produce saliva (spit) to keep your mouth lubricated, and to aid in chewing and digestion
what is the function of the submandibular salivary gland?
produces saliva, which moistens the mouth and aids in chewing, swallowing, digestion, and helps to keep the mouth and teeth clean
what is the function of the epiglottis?
protects your ability to breathe by covering your larynx (voice box)
what nutrient does pepsin break down?
proteins
what is the function of non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium?
provide protection and serve as a lining or covering for moist internal cavities of the body
what enzyme is secreted from the salivary glands that start the breakdown of starch?
salivary amylase
what is the function of simple columnar epithelium?
secretion, excretion, and absorption
what is the function of the hard palate?
separates the oral and nasal cavities
what is the function of the circular folds, villi, & microvilli?
serve to increase the surface area for chemical digestion and absorption of released nutrients through the wall of the small intestine
what is the function of the pharynx?
serves both the respiratory and digestive systems by receiving air from the nasal cavity and air, food, and water from the oral cavity
what cells line the mucosal layer of the small intestine?
simple columnar epithelium
what is are the cells that line the mucosal layer of a large intestine?
simple columnar epithelium
what is the function of the gallbladder?
storage, concentration, and release of bile
what is the function of the descending colon?
stores feces that will eventually be emptied into the rectum
what is the function of the fundus region of the stomach?
stores gas from digestion
how is the stomach protected from acidic gastric juices (HCl)?
the pre-epithelial protection is made up by the mucus-bicarbonate barrier
what is the function of the mucosa of the stomach?
to lubricate the food masses in the stomach and facilitate the movement within the stomach, and to create a protective barrier to protect the stomach wall from acid and digestive enzymes
what is the function of the pancreatic duct?
transmit digestive enzymes (pancreatic juice) secreted by acinar cells to duodenum (via hepatopancreatic ampulla)
what is the function of the cystic duct?
transports bile from the gallbladder to the common hepatic duct
what is the function of the sigmoid colon?
transports fecal matter from the descending colon to the rectum and anus
what substances does the pancreas release into the duodenum?
-protein digesting enzymes (trypsinogen & proteases) -pancreatic amylase (carbohydrates) -pancreatic lipase (fats)
what is the function of the duodenum?
-receives ingested material (chyme) from stomach -bile and pancreatic juices enter second part -carbohydrate, protein, and lipid digestion -absorbs nutrients -peristaltic contractions move contents toward jejunum
what is the function of the left & right lobe of the liver?
-secrete bile and plasma proteins -stores absorbed products of digestion -detoxifies drugs and alcohol -modifies hormones -removes (phagocytoses) damaged blood cells and bacteria
what is the function of the greater omentum?
-capable of storing large amounts of fat -limits spread of peritoneal infection
what is the function of the pyloric region of the stomach?
-secrete compounds that facilitate digestion -mixes gastric contents -regulates discharge of stomach contents into duodenum
what is the function of the cecum?
-water and elecrtrolyte absorption -absorption of vitamin B & K produced by bacteria in colon
what activates pepsinogen?
HCl and then it becomes pepsin
what is the function of the lesser curvature?
gives attachment to the two layers of the hepatogastric ligament
what is the function of the rectum?
a holding area for stool
what is the function of the ileum?
absorb any final nutrients, with major absorptive products being vitamin B12 and bile acids
what is the function of the jejunum?
absorb sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids
what is the function of the ascending colon?
absorb the remaining water and other key nutrients from the indigestible material, solidifying it to form stool
what is the function of the esophagus?
allow for the passage of material from the mouth and throat to the stomach
what is the function of the greater curvature?
attachment to the gastrolienal ligament and the two layers of the greater omentum
what is the function of the common bile duct?
carries bile from the liver and gallbladder into the intestines to break down food for digestion
what is the function of the common hepatic duct?
collects and transports bile from the liver
what is the function of the circular muscle of the stomach?
enables the gut to contract and break apart larger food particles
what is the function of the transverse colon?
extract water and nutrients from digested foods or materials that pass through the digestive tract
what is the function of the tongue?
facilitating the movement of food during mastication and assisting swallowing
