BMS 590: Thorax - Pulmonary Cavity

Diaphragmatic surface

Name the surface of the lungs that is concave, rest on the thoracic surface of the diaphragm and forms the base of the lung. Deeper concavity in the R lung due to the presence of the liver

Pleural spaces

Name the potential spaces formed when the lungs do not fill the pulmonary cavity during expiration, although the recess never fills completely (not even during forced inspiration)

Thoracentesis

Name the procedure that is characterized by the insertion of hypodermic needle in the costodiaphragmatic recess (usually intercostal space 9th) to obtain sample or remove blood or pus

Costal surface

Name the surface of the lung that is large, smooth, and convex, associated to the costal pleura, which separates it from ribs and intercostal muscles

Mediastinal surface

Name the surface of the lungs that is concave and related to the mediastinum

Respiratory bronchiole

This type of bronchiole have alveoli extending from their lumen. They also transport air and exchange gas

Lobular bronchiole

This type of bronchiole leads into terminal bronchioles and transports air

Arises from the Thoracic aorta

From where does the Left bronchial artery arise?

Arises from the 3rd right posterior intercostal artery

From where does the Right bronchial artery arise?

azygos vein

From where is the Right bronchial vein a tributary?

accessory hemiazygos vein

From where is the left bronchial vein a tributary?

1 Right and 2 Left bronchial arteries

How many right and left Bronchial arteries are there?

Alveolar duct Alveolar sac

List the 2 components of the Alveoli

Anterior: costal and mediastinal surfaces meet anteriorly and overlap the heart Posterior: costal and mediastinal surfaces meet posteriorly Inferior: separates the diaphragmatic surface from the costal and mediastinal surfaces

List the 3 Borders of the lungs and which surfaces they are associated with

Lobular Terminal Respiratory

List the 3 types of Bronchiole, in the order in which one leads to the other

Tracheobronchial lymph nodes

Lymph from these lymph nodes travels superiorly via the bronchomediastinal ducks. These lymph nodes are located superior and inferior to trachea bifurcation

Hilum Groove for esophagus Cardiac impression

Name the 3 sub-surfaces of the Mediastinal surfaces of the lungs

Costal Diaphragmatic Mediastinal

Name the 3 surfaces of the lungs

Costal Mediastinal Diaphragmatic Cervical

Name the 4 types of Parietal Pleura that occur in the Pulmonary cavity

Costal pleura

Name the Parietal pleura that covers internal surface of thoracic wall and is separated from thoracic cavity by endothoracic fascia.

Mediastinal pleura

Name the Parietal pleura that covers lateral aspect of mediastinum and organs separating the pulmonary cavities and their pleural sacs. It is continuous with the visceral pleura at the hilum of the lung

Diaphragmatic pleura

Name the Parietal pleura that covers superior surface of the diaphragm on each side of the mediastinum.

Pleural effusion

Name the condition that is characterised by the build up of excess fluid between the two pleural layers, which can collect in the costodiaphragmatic recesses in the standing position.

Alveolar duct

Name the elongated airways connecting the respiratory bronchioles with the alveolar sacs

Groove for arch of aorta Groove for descending aorta Groove for esophagus Cardiac impression

Name the grooves of the Mediastinal surface of the Left lung

Groove for arch of azygos vein Groove for brachiocephalic vein Groove for superior vena cava Groove for esophagus Cardiac impression

Name the grooves of the Mediastinal surface of the Right lung

Deep Lymphatic plexus-> pulmonary lymph nodes -> bronchopulmonary lymph nodes

Name the lymphatic plexus that lies in submucosa of bronchi What is the path that it drains into?

Cervical pleura

Name the parietal pleura that covers the apex of the lung (part extending superiorly through the superior thoracic aperture into root of neck). This membrane is reinforced by the endothoracic fascia (suprapleural membrane or Sibson fascia)

Pleural Cavity

Name the potential space between the two layers of pleura that contains serous pleural fluid (lubricates pleural surfaces, and provides cohesion to keep lungs in contact with the thoracic wall)

Parasympathetic Vagus

Reflexive functions of the Visceral afferent fibers accompany _____ fibers of the ____ nerve

Suprapleural membrane (Sibson fascia)

The Cervical pleura is reinforced superiorly by the membrane/fascia know as ___?

Parasympathetic & sympathetic motor nerve fibers and visceral sensory fibers

The Pulmonary plexus is innervated by which nervous system branches/fibers?

Trachea Right and Left Bronchi Bronchioles Alveoli

The Trachiobronchial tree is comprised of which structures?

Lingula Left lung

The ___ which is located on the ___ lung is a thin, tongue-like process that extends from the superior lobe below the cardiac notch

Presynaptic Vagus Parasympathetic ganglion

The parasympathetic fibers of the Pulmonary plexus contain ____ fibers which are carried by the ____ nerve, which synapses onto the ____ cells in the pulmonary plexus.

Intercostal Phrenic

The parietal pleura is innervated by which nerve(s)?

Postsynaptic fibers Paravertebral sympathetic

The sympathetic fibers of the Pulmonary plexus contain ____ fibers with cell bodies in the ____ trunk.

Vagus (Parasympathetic) Sympathetic fibres (Sympathetic)

The visceral pleura is innervated by which nerve(s)?

Costomediastinal recesses

These are located at the junction of the mediastinal and costal pleurae. Larger on the left due to the cardiac notch in the left lung

Pleural Sac

These consist of two continuous membranes that line the pulmonary cavity and covers the external surface of the lungs

Bronchopulmonary lymph nodes

These lymph nodes drain into superior and inferior tracheobronchial lymph nodes. They are located in the hilum of each lung

Costodiaphragmatic recesses

These spaces are located at the junction of the diaphragmatic and costal pleurae and extends from the 8th - 10th rib.

Superficial (subpleural) Lymphatic plexus

This lymphatic plexus lies deep to visceral pleura and drains into the bronchopulmonary lymph nodes

Terminal bronchiole

This type of bronchiole gives rise to respiratory bronchioles and transports air

They drain to the venous angle (junction of Iternal Jugular Vein & Subclavian Vein), but R may join R lymphatic duct and L may join the thoracic duct

To where do the Right and Left bronchomediastinal lymph trunks drain?

Sympathetic; sympathetic Parasympathetic; Vagus

Visceral pleura and bronchi Nociceptive fibers accompany ____ fibers through the ____ trunk. Trachea nociceptive fibers accompany the ____ fibers of the ____ nerve

Reflexive and Nociceptive

What are the 2 functions performed by Visceral afferent fibers?

Alveolar sacs

What are the clusters of alveoli called?

esophageal and cardiac impression/groove

What are the grooves that the R and L lung have in common?

Visceral pleura (pulmonary pleura)

What covers and adheres to the lung surface, including the fissures and allows lung to move freely on the parietal pleura? It is continuous with the parietal pleura at the hilum of the lung (where structures comprising the root of the lungs enter and leave the lungs)

Upper esophagus and bronchi

What do the Bronchial arteries supply?

Pulmonary ligament; attaches lungs to the thorax

What does Pulmonary fascia turn into? What is its purpose?

Drain structures forming root of lungs

What does the Deep Lymphatic plexus drain?

Drains visceral pleura and lung tissue (parenchyma)

What does the Superficial (subpleural) Lymphatic plexus drain?

alveoli

What is the basic structural unit of gas exchange?

Hilum

What is the wedged-shaped area on mediastinal surface of each lung through which structures forming the root enter and leave the lungs

Parietal Pleura

What lines the pulmonary cavity, adhering to the thoracic wall, mediastinum, and diaphragm and named after the part that it lines?

R lung

When a patient is choking/aspirating, what lung should you aspirate?

Bronchoconstrictor: to bronchial muscle (smooth) Vasodilator: to pulmonary vessels Secretomotor: to secretory glands of bronchial tree

Which 3 actions are the Parasympathetic fibers of the Pulmonary plexus capable of performing?

- Bronchodilator: to bronchial muscle - Vasoconstrictor: to pulmonary vessels - Inhibitory to secretory glands

Which 3 actions are the Sympathetic fibers of the Pulmonary plexus capable of performing?

Tertiary bronchi

Which bronchi supplies the bronchopulmonary segments?

Right main bronchi

Which of the main bronchi is wider and shorter?