bones
how many bones comprise the typical adult skeleton
206
primary function of short bones
allow minimum flexibility of motion in a short distance
2 main skeletal divisions that make up the bony framework of the body
appendicular and axial
primary function of irregular bones
attachment for muscles, tendons, ligaments or other bones to create joints
intermembranous ossification
bones develop from fibrous membranes in the embryo that produce flat bones, before birth they are not joined, after birth they join and form sutures
intermebranous bones
bones of the skull clavicles, mandible sternum
functional classification
broken in 3 classifications synarthroses amphiarthroses diarthroses
structural classification
broken into 3 classifications fibrous cartilaginous synovial
medullary cavity
central cylindrical canal of long bones
examples of flat bone
cranium bones, sternum, scapula
endochondral ossification
develop from hyaline cartilage in the embryo and produce short irregular and long bones
ossification
development and formation of bones
primary and secondary centers of ossification
endochondral ossification occurs demo the the e ty
in long bones where is the red marrow concentrated at
ends of the bone
primary function of flat bones
flat surface allow for protection and their brand surfaces allow muscle attachment
medullary cavity
found in long bones, its the central cavity contains trabecular yellow marrow
long bones
found only in limbs, Long cylindric shaft called the body and 2 enlarged rounded ends that contain smooth slippery articular surface.
diarthroses
freely movable
synarthroses
immovable joints
tubercles & tuberosities
in bones they contain these knoblike projections covered by the periosteum
spongy bone
inner trabeculated portion of the bone
flat bones
largely w tables of compact bone. narrow space between inner and outer tables contains cancellous none and red marrow
nutrient foramen
near the center of the long bones the opening in then periosteum
main parts of the axial skeleton
neck skull thorax vertebral column
intermembranous & endochindral
ossification processes
compact bone
outer layer of the bony tissue
examples of sesamoid bones
patella, kneecap. beneath the first metatarsophalangeal articulation of the foot and on the palmar aspect of the thumb at the metacarpophalangeal joint of the hand
irregular bones
peculiar shapes and variety of forms
main parts of the appendicular skeleton
pelvic girdle shoulder girldle upper limbs lower limbs
examples of long bones
phalanges, femur and humerus
Red marrow
produces red and white blood cells
primary function of long bones
provide support
primary function of sesamoid bones
role is not understood, experts believe they alter the direction of muscle pull and decrease friction
bones are classified by
shape
short bones
short cancellous containing red marrow, thin outer layer of compact bone.
amphiarthoses
slightly movable
sesamoid bones
small and oval, develop inside and beside tendons
trabeculae
speculated network of interconnecting specs inside the spongy bone, filled with red and yellow marrow
yellow marrow
stores adipose (fat) cells.
examples of short bones
the carpal bones of the wrist and the tarsal bones of the ankles
where the blood vessels and nerves enter and exit the bone
through the periosteum
endosteum
tissue lining the medullary cavity of bones
periosteum
tough, fibrous membrane that covers the bone
where muscles, tendons and ligaments attach to the periosteum at these projections
tuberlces and tuberosities
examples of irregular bones
vertebrae and the bones in the pelvis
foramina
whew blood vessels and nerves enter and exit the bone at the same aunt through this opening