bones

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how many bones comprise the typical adult skeleton

206

primary function of short bones

allow minimum flexibility of motion in a short distance

2 main skeletal divisions that make up the bony framework of the body

appendicular and axial

primary function of irregular bones

attachment for muscles, tendons, ligaments or other bones to create joints

intermembranous ossification

bones develop from fibrous membranes in the embryo that produce flat bones, before birth they are not joined, after birth they join and form sutures

intermebranous bones

bones of the skull clavicles, mandible sternum

functional classification

broken in 3 classifications synarthroses amphiarthroses diarthroses

structural classification

broken into 3 classifications fibrous cartilaginous synovial

medullary cavity

central cylindrical canal of long bones

examples of flat bone

cranium bones, sternum, scapula

endochondral ossification

develop from hyaline cartilage in the embryo and produce short irregular and long bones

ossification

development and formation of bones

primary and secondary centers of ossification

endochondral ossification occurs demo the the e ty

in long bones where is the red marrow concentrated at

ends of the bone

primary function of flat bones

flat surface allow for protection and their brand surfaces allow muscle attachment

medullary cavity

found in long bones, its the central cavity contains trabecular yellow marrow

long bones

found only in limbs, Long cylindric shaft called the body and 2 enlarged rounded ends that contain smooth slippery articular surface.

diarthroses

freely movable

synarthroses

immovable joints

tubercles & tuberosities

in bones they contain these knoblike projections covered by the periosteum

spongy bone

inner trabeculated portion of the bone

flat bones

largely w tables of compact bone. narrow space between inner and outer tables contains cancellous none and red marrow

nutrient foramen

near the center of the long bones the opening in then periosteum

main parts of the axial skeleton

neck skull thorax vertebral column

intermembranous & endochindral

ossification processes

compact bone

outer layer of the bony tissue

examples of sesamoid bones

patella, kneecap. beneath the first metatarsophalangeal articulation of the foot and on the palmar aspect of the thumb at the metacarpophalangeal joint of the hand

irregular bones

peculiar shapes and variety of forms

main parts of the appendicular skeleton

pelvic girdle shoulder girldle upper limbs lower limbs

examples of long bones

phalanges, femur and humerus

Red marrow

produces red and white blood cells

primary function of long bones

provide support

primary function of sesamoid bones

role is not understood, experts believe they alter the direction of muscle pull and decrease friction

bones are classified by

shape

short bones

short cancellous containing red marrow, thin outer layer of compact bone.

amphiarthoses

slightly movable

sesamoid bones

small and oval, develop inside and beside tendons

trabeculae

speculated network of interconnecting specs inside the spongy bone, filled with red and yellow marrow

yellow marrow

stores adipose (fat) cells.

examples of short bones

the carpal bones of the wrist and the tarsal bones of the ankles

where the blood vessels and nerves enter and exit the bone

through the periosteum

endosteum

tissue lining the medullary cavity of bones

periosteum

tough, fibrous membrane that covers the bone

where muscles, tendons and ligaments attach to the periosteum at these projections

tuberlces and tuberosities

examples of irregular bones

vertebrae and the bones in the pelvis

foramina

whew blood vessels and nerves enter and exit the bone at the same aunt through this opening


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