Book questions chapter 5-8

10. Which category of bone is among the most numerous in the skeleton? a. long bone b. sesamoid bone c. short bone d. flat bone

a

5. The papillary layer of the dermis is most closely associated with which layer of the epidermis? a. stratum spinosum b. stratum corneum c. stratum granulosum d. stratum basale

d

38. All of the following play a role in calcium homeostasis except a. thyroxine b. calcitonin c. parathyroid hormone d. vitamin D

a

8. Collagen lends ________ to the skin. a. elasticity b. structure c. color d. UV protection

b

14. The fibrous membrane covering the outer surface of the bone is the ________. a. periosteum b. epiphysis c. endosteum d. diaphysis

a

15. In humans, exposure of the skin to sunlight is required for ________. a. vitamin D synthesis b. arteriole constriction c. folate production d. thermoregulation

a

23. After a skin injury, the body initiates a wound-healing response. The first step of this response is the formation of a blood clot to stop bleeding. Which of the following would be the next response? a. increased production of melanin by melanocytes b. increased production of connective tissue c. an increase in Pacinian corpuscles around the wound d. an increased activity in the stratum lucidum

b

25. Bones grow in diameter due to bone formation ________. a. in the medullary cavity b. beneath the periosteum c. in the epiphyseal plate d. within the metaphysis

b

27. A fracture can be both ________. a. open and closed b. open and transverse c. transverse and greenstick d. greenstick and comminuted

b

18. Which of the following are only found in cancellous bone? a. canaliculi b. Volkmann's canals c. trabeculae d. calcium salts

c

37. When calcium levels are too high or too low, which body system is primarily affected? a. skeletal system b. endocrine system c. digestive system d. nervous system

d

4. Yellow marrow has been identified as ________. a. an area of fat storage b. a point of attachment for muscles c. the hard portion of bone d. the cause of kyphosis

a

16. Which cells do not originate from osteogenic cells? a. osteoblasts b. osteoclasts c. osteocytes d. osteoprogenitor cells

d

31. The first type of bone to form during fracture repair is ________ bone. a. compact b. lamellar c. spongy d. dense

c

34. Which one of the following foods is best for bone health? a. carrots b. liver c. leafy green vegetables d. oranges

c

39. Which of the following is most likely to be released when blood calcium levels are elevated? a. thyroxine b. calcitonin c. parathyroid hormone d. vitamin D

b

17. Which of the following are found in compact bone and cancellous bone? a. Haversian systems b. Haversian canals c. lamellae d. lacunae

c

3. Without red marrow, bones would not be able to ________. a. store phosphate b. store calcium c. make blood cells d. move like levers

c

29. In a compound fracture, ________. a. the break occurs at an angle to the bone b. the broken bone does not tear the skin c. one fragment of broken bone is compressed into the other d. broken bone pierces the skin

d

16. One of the functions of the integumentary system is protection. Which of the following does not directly contribute to that function? a. stratum lucidum b. desmosomes c. folic acid synthesis d. Merkel cells

c

17. An individual using a sharp knife notices a small amount of blood where he just cut himself. Which of the following layers of skin did he have to cut into in order to bleed? a. stratum corneum b. stratum basale c. papillary dermis d. stratum granulosum

c

19. If you cut yourself and bacteria enter the wound, which of the following cells would help get rid of the bacteria? a. Merkel cells b. keratinocytes c. Langerhans cells d. melanocytes

c

20. In general, skin cancers ________. a. are easily treatable and not a major health concern b. occur due to poor hygiene c. can be reduced by limiting exposure to the sun d. affect only the epidermis

c

20. Why is cartilage slow to heal? a. because it eventually develops into bone b. because it is semi-solid and flexible c. because it does not have a blood supply d. because endochondral ossification replaces all cartilage with bone

c

21. Bedsores ________. a. can be treated with topical moisturizers b. can result from deep massages c. are preventable by eliminating pressure points d. are caused by dry skin

c

24. Squamous cell carcinomas are the second most common of the skin cancers and are capable of metastasizing if not treated. This cancer affects which cells? a. basal cells of the stratum basale b. melanocytes of the stratum basale c. keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum d. Langerhans cells of the stratum lucidum

c

18. As you are walking down the beach, you see a dead, dry, shriveled-up fish. Which layer of your epidermis keeps you from drying out? a. stratum corneum b. stratum basale c. stratum spinosum d. stratum granulosum

a

19. The area of a bone where the nutrient foramen passes forms what kind of bone marking? a. a hole b. a facet c. a canal d. a fissure

a

24. Bones grow in length due to activity in the ________. a. epiphyseal plate b. perichondrium c. periosteum d. medullary cavity

a

32. Wolff's law, which describes the effect of mechanical forces in bone modeling/remodeling, would predict that ________ a. a right-handed pitcher will have thicker bones in his right arm compared to his left. b. a right-handed cyclist will have thicker bones in her right leg compared to her left. c. a broken bone will heal thicker than it was before the fracture. d. a bed-ridden patient will have thicker bones than an athlete.

a

33. Calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine if ________ is lacking. a. vitamin D b. vitamin K c. calcitonin d. fluoride

a

35. Which of the following hormones are responsible for the adolescent growth spurt? a. estrogen and testosterone b. calcitonin and calcitriol c. growth hormone and parathyroid hormone d. thyroxine and progesterone

a

6. Langerhans cells are commonly found in the ________. a. stratum spinosum b. stratum corneum c. stratum granulosum d. stratum basale

a

9. Bones that surround the spinal cord are classified as ________ bones. a. irregular b. sesamoid c. flat d. short

a

1. Which function of the skeletal system would be especially important if you were in a car accident? a. storage of minerals b. protection of internal organs c. facilitation of movement d. fat storage

b

12. Eccrine sweat glands ________. a. are present on hair b. are present in the skin throughout the body and produce watery sweat c. produce sebum d. act as a moisturizer

b

13. Sebaceous glands ________. a. are a type of sweat gland b. are associated with hair follicles c. may function in response to touch d. release a watery solution of salt and metabolic waste

b

13. The diaphysis contains ________. a. the metaphysis b. fat stores c. spongy bone d. compact bone

b

14. Similar to the hair, nails grow continuously throughout our lives. Which of the following is furthest from the nail growth center? a. nail bed b. hyponychium c. nail root d. eponychium

b

22. In endochondral ossification, what happens to the chondrocytes? a. They develop into osteocytes. b. They die in the calcified matrix that surrounds them and form the medullary cavity. c. They grow and form the periosteum. d. They group together to form the primary ossification center.

b

28. How can a fractured diaphysis release fat globules into the bloodstream? a. The bone pierces fat stores in the skin. b. The yellow marrow in the diaphysis is exposed and damaged. c. The injury triggers the body to release fat from healthy bones. d. The red marrow in the fractured bone releases fat to heal the fracture.

b

30. The internal and external calli are replaced by ________. a. hyaline cartilage b. trabecular bone c. osteogenic cells d. osteoclasts

b

5. Which of the following can be found in areas of movement? a. hematopoiesis b. cartilage c. yellow marrow d. red marrow

b

6. The skeletal system is made of ________. a. muscles and tendons b. bones and cartilage c. vitreous humor d. minerals and fat

b

7. Most of the bones of the arms and hands are long bones; however, the bones in the wrist are categorized as ________. a. flat bones b. short bones c. sesamoid bones d. irregular bones

b

The lambdoid suture joins the parietal bone to the ________. a. frontal bone b. occipital bone c. other parietal bone d. temporal bone

b

10. In response to stimuli from the sympathetic nervous system, the arrector pili ________. a. are glands on the skin surface b. can lead to excessive sweating c. are responsible for goose bumps d. secrete sebum

c

11. Long bones enable body movement by acting as a ________. a. counterweight b. resistive force c. lever d. fulcrum

c

12. Which of the following occurs in the spongy bone of the epiphysis? a. bone growth b. bone remodeling c. hematopoiesis d. shock absorption

c

15. Which of the following are incapable of undergoing mitosis? a. osteoblasts and osteoclasts b. osteocytes and osteoclasts c. osteoblasts and osteocytes d. osteogenic cells and osteoclasts

c

26. Which of the following represents the correct sequence of zones in the epiphyseal plate? a. proliferation, reserved, maturation, calcification b. maturation, proliferation, reserved, calcification c. calcification, maturation, proliferation, reserved d. calcification, reserved, proliferation, maturation

c

7. The papillary and reticular layers of the dermis are composed mainly of ________. a. melanocytes b. keratinocytes c. connective tissue d. adipose tissue

c

9. Which of the following is not a function of the hypodermis? a. protects underlying organs b. helps maintain body temperature c. source of blood vessels in the epidermis d. a site to long-term energy storage

c

11. The hair matrix contains ________. a. the hair follicle b. the hair shaft c. the glassy membrane d. a layer of basal cells

d

2. Bone tissue can be described as ________. a. dead calcified tissue b. cartilage c. the skeletal system d. dense, hard connective tissue

d

22. An individual has spent too much time sun bathing. Not only is his skin painful to touch, but small blisters have appeared in the affected area. This indicates that he has damaged which layers of his skin? a. epidermis only b. hypodermis only c. epidermis and hypodermis d. epidermis and dermis

d

23. Which of the following bones is (are) formed by intramembranous ossification? a. the metatarsals b. the femur c. the ribs d. the flat bones of the cranium

d

36. With respect to their direct effects on osseous tissue, which pair of hormones has actions that oppose each other? a. estrogen and testosterone b. calcitonin and calcitriol c. estrogen and progesterone d. calcitonin and parathyroid hormone

d

8. Sesamoid bones are found embedded in ________. a. joints b. muscles c. ligaments d. tendons

d

Why are osteocytes spread out in bone tissue? a. They develop from mesenchymal cells. b. They are surrounded by osteoid. c. They travel through the capillaries. d. Formation of osteoid spreads out the osteoblasts that formed the ossification centers.

d