HI 102
In their oath of office, what three actions is the president charged with as they relate to the Constitution?
* Preserve * Protect * Defend
What five freedoms is Congress forbidden to constrain under the First Amendment
* Religion * Speech * Press * Peaceably assemble * Petition the government
What two conditions are placed on criminal trials?
* Trial by jury * must be held in the state committed
What six purposes are specifically mentioned in the preamble?
* form a more perfect union * establish justice * ensure domestic tranquility * provide for the common defense * promote the general welfare * secure the blessings of liberty
1715
Age of Enlightenment begins in France
1815
Battle of Waterloo/ Final defeat of Napoleon
Mercantilism
Britain's administration of her New World possessions reflected the economic policy which held that the real measure of a nation's wealth was the amount of gold or silver it possessed
New Zealand, New Guinea, Australia
Captain James Cook's first expedition took him through the South Pacific, where he charted these islands and successfully navigated the treacherous Great Barrier Reef
Who has the power to ordain and establish "inferior courts" ?
Congress
Who is granted the authority to enter new states into the union?
Congress
"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God"
Edwards is best remembered for his most famous sermon, delivered in 1741
Eleven Years' Tyranny
England moved from a limited, representative government to an absolute and irrepressible monarchy like that of France or Spain
Commonwealth
England's new government was proclaimed a republic under the leadership of Oliver Cromwell
1620
English Separatists fleeing from persecution established the New England colony of Plymouth
1607
English colonists established Jamestown, Virginia
Napoleonic Wars
Europe was thus plunged into the beginning of what would be one of the most important series of wars in the history of the world
What are you protected from under the Eighth Amendment
Excessive bail, probable cause, cruel and unusual punishment
New France
France eventually claimed Canada, the Great Lakes region and the Mississippi Valley
George III
George II's successor, that England came to dominate much of North America
The Brethren
German Baptists, were one group that broke with the state church
1688
Glorious Revolution in England
Charles I
Jame's son became king following his father's death, inherited his father's disdain for Parliament and a stubborn belief in the divine right of kings, but wars with Spain and later France made him very dependent upon the institution he so despised
Charles Wesley
James and George Whitefield met regularly with several other young men to study the Bible and the classics and to encourage each other in their spiritual development
1607
Jamestown, first permanent English settlement in America, established
What freedom does the Second Amendment protect?
Keep and bear arms
James I
King James of VI of Scotland, the only son of Mary Queen of Scots, should unite the crowns of Scotland and England
Jean Baptiste Colbert
Louis XIV's minister of finance mobilized the country's economic resources through policies that developed trade with French colonies and encouraged industry at home
Marie Antionette
Louis XVI's wife
November 9. 1799
Napoleon and his followers drove the legislators of the Directory from their chambers and proclaimed a new republic - the Consulate
1812
Napoleon began the Russian campaign in June, and took few provisions, intending to live off the land, but that was nearly impossible in Russia's cold climate, even at that time of year
St. Helena
Napoleon was again exiled, this time to a distant island in the south Atlantic
Marie Louise
Napoleon's second wife, the 18-year-old daughter of the Austrian emperor
1620
Plymouth colony established by English separatists
What two prohibitions does the First Amendment place on Congress on matters pertaining to religion?
Prohibiting the free exercise, peaceably assemble
What amendment allows Congress to "lay and collect taxes on income, from whatever source derived..."?
Sixteenth Amendment
1833
Slavery abolished in British Empire
William Pitt the Elder
a British statesman who became Prime minister of England
Phillip Spener
a German Lutheran pastor, became concerned about the spiritual coldness and lack of moral consciousness in Germany
Jacques Marquette
a Jesuit missionary explored the central Mississippi River
Mary II
a Protestant daughter of James II English traditional political liberties
Oliver Cromwell
a Puritan who was placed in command of Parliament's armies
Louis Joliet
a fur trader, who explored the central Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico
Pilgrims
a group of Separatists, fled to Holland in 1609 to escape persecution, and later sailed to America in 1620
Metaphysical poets
a group of poets who wrote about the mind, the soul, and eternity with much passion, logic, and imagery, in order to express spiritual truths
Civil Constitution of the Clergy
a major cause of dissatisfaction, adopted by the National Assembly, attempted to justify the confiscation of Church property and the establishment of a church of France
deism
a religion that rejected Scripture and professed that God is an impersonal Being who is revealed only in nature, and must be sought through man's reason
United States Constitution
after several months of debating and compromising, the delegates produced a document that has become a masterpiece of history
plebiscite
an election in which the people express their will
Count Nicholas von Zinzendorf
an important Moravian leader was a young German nobleman who was trained at the Pietist Universtiy of Halle in Germany
Bastille
an old castle stronghold in Paris used primarily as a prison
Moravians
another group that was revived by Pietism was the Unitas Fratrum (United Brethren)
Cavalier poets
another group wrote lyrical poems about love and the pleasures of this world
Denis Diderot
another important figure of the Enlightenment, was the editor of the Encyclopedia, a multivolume work that was an attempt to reorganize all human knowledge from the perspective of rationalism
United Kingdom of Great Britain
another important political event during Anne's reign was the official union of England and Scotland's government in 1707
Sir William Blackstone
another important political figure in late 18th century England was jurist, who became the leading authority on English law
William Laud
appointed as archbishop of Canterbury
Whigs
as Charles became increasingly pro-Catholic, a group arose in Parliament to oppose him
Age of Enlightenment
as Louis XIV's reign drew to a close, France entered into an Age which proved to be almost a new "Dark Age" for France, it was a movement that attempted to apply unaided human philosophy to all areas of man's life in order to establish a new social order
English Civil War
began officially an August 22, 1642, when the king raised his banner in the town of Nottingham
George I
began the Hanoverian line of English kings
1730-1760
beginning of the French Revolution/ National Assembly established in France/ Storming of the Bastille in Paris
French and Indian War
broke out as the British fought the French and their Indian allies for control of eastern North America
War of the League of Augsburg
broke out in 1688, the French won several battles but could not defeat so many enemies
Great Awakening
by 1730, the revival had spread to America, the impact of the American revivals was significant because it prepared the colonies for their long struggle with their mother country for independence
Continental Congress
by 1774, representatives from the colonies had convened in Philadelphia in order to maintain freedom in America and reconcile their differences with Great Britain
Continental System
forbade the importation of British goods into any European country under French control
Concordat
formal agreement signed by Napoleon with the Pope in 1801
Third Estate
from prosperous middle-class merchant to poor peasant
Ironsides
hardened by military discipline and stiffened by religious zeal, Cromwell's army was given this nickname
popular education
historians see the Sunday school movement as the beginning of education for all children in Great Britain
Petition of Right
in 1628, Parliament, the legal representative of the people of England drew up a petition to which Charles grudgingly assented, it reaffirmed the liberties and rights which Englishmen had won in the past
National Covenant
in 1638, the Scottish people established a covenant pledging to resist any attempt to change their religious institutions without their consent
Protectorate
in 1653 Cromwell finally dissolved Parliament and set up a new government
Treaty of Dover
in 1670, Charles secretly signed a treaty with King Louis XIV of France without Parliament's knowledge
Pilgrim's progress
in 1678, Bunyan wrote England's greatest allegory, while he was in prison for preaching without a government license
Treaty of Ryswick
in 1967, Louis signed a document which established the status quo ante bellum (the existing state before the war)
Battle of Leipzig
in October 1813 the combined forces of Europe defeated Napoleon's new army, sometimes called the Battle of Nations
National Convention
in September 1792, the Constituent Assembly was replaced by a more radical group (controlled by the Left) which was to rule temporarily and write another new constitution
Center
in the Center of the group without any particular program or principles
Samuel de Champlain
known as "the Father of New France" founded Quebec in 1608
Left
led by such prominent Jacobins as Jean Paul Marat, Georges Jacques Danton, and Maximilien Robespierre, wanted the Revolution to go much further in France
bureaucracy
literally means "government by men who sit at desks
Massachusetts
many Puritans left England at this time; in fact, some who had feared such persecution had already taken refuge in America, where the established a colony in 1630
Charles II
most Englishmen now favored a restoration of the old monarchy; thus Parliament open negations with Charles I's exiled son, who had been living in France since the end of the English Civil War
Glorious Revolution
of 1688, as this bloodless transition of government in England was called, it secured once and for all the traditional rights and liberties of the English people
Czar Alexander I
of Russia withdrew his country from the Continental System and began to trade with England
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
on August 26, 1789, the National Assembly adopted this document proclaiming to the world "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity, or Death" -
guillotine
on January 21, 1793, Louis XVI was executed on a device for chopping off human heads
Rump Parliament
on January 30, 1649, declared King Charles I guilty of treason and had him beheaded
1815
on June 18th, Napoleon met his final defeat at the Battle of Waterloo in Belgium
Tennis Court Oath
on June 20,1789, the National Assembly vowed to continue meeting until a national constitution had been written
Battle of Trafalgar
on October 21,1805, the British navy destroyed a combined French and Spanish fleet at one of the greatest battles in history
Hawaiian Islands
on his third expedition Cook discovered the Sandwich Islands and surveyed the Western coast of North America as far north as the Bering Strait, proving that there existed no navigable "Northwest Passage" through North America
August Francke
one man who was profoundly affected by the Pietists movement was a young professor at the German University of Leipzig
Maximilien Robespierre
one member of the Committee of Public Safety, a prominent member of the Jacobin Club, soon became the most influential man in the French government
William Wilberforce
one of the great Christian statesman of English history
John Milton
one of the greatest English writers of all time was a Puritan scholar
Voltaire
one of the influential Enlightenment philosophers, "the Father of the Enlightenment" was a witty intellectual writer who openly attracted Christianity in the name of reason
John Locke
one of the most influential philosophers of this age
Edmund Burke
one of the most noteworthy members of the British Paliament during the 18th century was an Irishman.
League of Augsburg
realizing that Louis's actions threatened the rest of Europe, several European nations in 1686 formed a coalition against France that consisted of England, the Dutch Republic, the Holy Roman Empire, and several other German States
Napoleon Bonaparte
returned to Paris from a military campaign in Egypt, born in Corsicain 1769, had been trained in the French military schools
John Wesley
revival came to England around 1740 through the ministry of the great English revivalist
1611
scholars had completed the King James or Authorized Version - the best-loved and most widely used translation of God's Word ever produced
Committee of Public Safety
set up by the Convention to quell the growing anarchy, composed of 12 men holding extensive police and judicial powers
Virginia & New England
several attempts to colonize the territories England claimed in North America, had failed during the late 1500's
Jacobin Club
several of those who supported organized the radical club that was named so because it met in an old Jacobin monastery in France
Richard Cromwell
succeeded his father as Lord Protector in 1658, but he quickly fell from power
Toleration Act
taking an important step toward true religious freedom in England
Adoniram Judson
the "Father of American Missions" went to India in 1812
Constituent Assembly
the National Assembly
August 4th Decrees
the National Assembly ended the lords privileges of collecting and taxes from the peasants' lands, and taking special privileges over peasants in courts of law
balance of power
the Treaty of Utrecht also established among nations of Europe the concept that the idea that no nation should be too strong or too weak
Treaty of Utrecht
the War of the Spanish Succession ended in 1713 with the signing of a series of agreements among the warring nations
Empiricism
the belief that experience is the only source of knowledge
George Whitefield
the best-known Great Awakening evangelist was actually an English preacher
Louis XVIII
the coalition of European nations then restored the Bourbon monarchy to the throne of France, the Louis XVI's brother was crowned
Robert Raikes
the editor and publisher of a large newspaper in Gloucester, England, touched by the plight of his city's poor street children, he started the first Sunday school
Jamestown
the first permanent English settlement in the New World
Quebec
the first permanent French colony in America
Sir Robert Walpole
the first true prime minister of Britain, the real power in the government fell to the king's chief minister
Elba
the forces of Europe exiled Napoleon to an island, on the Italian coast, where he was sentenced to live out his days as the sovereign of the island, his own little kingdom
George Washington
the great hero of the War for Independence and an important leader at the Constitutional Convention, was unanimously elected as the first President of the United States
Captain James Cook
the greatest British navigator and explorer of the age
Samuel Johnson
the greatest literary figure of the 18th century was a literary critic, conversationalist, and novelist
John Bunyan
the greatest prose writer of the age was a Puritan preacher
rationalism
the idea that man's reason is the sole criterion for truth, this view worships human reason as a god and rejects absolutes (including the Scriptures) if they do not seem reasonable
skepticism
the idea that to know truth is impossible and that to know how the truth is impossible
Age of Reason
the late 17th and early 18th centuries in England were known because several English philosophers and writers adopted forms of rationalism, deism, and the humanistic philosophies
authoritarian
the majority of the world's people have been ruled by those who expected unconditional obedience to their authority
War of the Spanish Succession
the most costly war of Louis XIV's reign
Declaration of Independence
the most important human statement of political principles in the history of the world
George II
the next Hanoverian, learned the English language, but he was even less involved in the English government than his father had been
Second Estate
the nobility
National Assembly
the official representative body of all the people of France
"Liberty, Equality, Fraternity, or Death"
the slogan for the new regime in France
Old Regime
the system of government and way of life in pre-Revolutionary France
William Carey
the year 1792 marks the official beginning of modern missions, for it was then that an English shoemaker was saved during the Wesleyan Revival, began his historic ministry in India, known as the "Father of Modern Missions"
Round heads
those who supported Parliament were given a nickname because they wore their hair short, cut int the shape of a bowl
Reign of Terror
to suppress anti-revolutionary movements, the Committee of Public Safety, under Robespierre's leadership some 40,000 people died and hundreds of thousands were arrested
Battle of Blenheim
under Eugene and Marlborough's leadership they gained their most notable victory along the Danube River in 1704
Consulate
was headed by three consuls, with Napoleon as First Consul
Louis XIV
was only five years old when his father, Louis XIII, died. (known as Sun King) reigned for 70 years, known for his display of pomp and splendor.
James II
when Charles II died in 1685, his brother, a Catholic, became the new King of England and head of the Church of England
Louis XV
when Louis XIV died in 1715, his grandson inherited the throne
Anne
when William III died in 1702, the only heir to the English throne was Mary's sister, she became the last Stuart monarch of England, because none of her own children lived past childhood
Romanticism
which exalted man's emotions and imagination as the basis for truth, and advocated a "return to nature"
"L'etat, C'est moi
"I am the state". King Louis XIV embodying the doctrine of absolutism in its purest form,he was the epitome of an absolute ruler
"Apres moi le deluge"
"after me the deluge". Louis XV said that on his death bed in 1774
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
"the Father of French Romanticism"
What are the two parts of the Congress?
* House of Representatives * Senate
For how long are senators chosen?
6 years
Articles of Confederation
America's first attempt to build a national government, proved to be unworkable and inadequate
1611
Authorized Version of the Bible published
In what house must bills regarding raising revenue originate?
House of Representatives
Code Napoleon
Napoleon also established new law codes that became the most famous since those of the Romans
What amendment prohibits slavery or involuntary servitude except as a punishment for a crime
Thirteenth Amendment
1707
United Kingdom of Great Britain established
William III
William of Orange became King of England
Herrnhut
Zinzendorf's estate soon became the site for the Moravian settlement , the headquarters for Moravian missionary activities
John Howard
a fine Christian gentleman who was a personal friend of John Wesley
Mazarin
a young cardinal groomed to rule for the new child-king, by Cardinal Richelieu, who had died a year earlier.
Palace of Versailles
about 10 miles from Paris, Louis had the famous Palace built
Louis XVI
come to the throne in 1774, France received another ruler who was grossly unfit for the task of leading a great nation, for he had neither the education nor the character for the job
Directory
following Robespierre's fall, the National Convention adopted a new constitution and established a new government the fifth government of France in as many years
Pietists
groups such as Spener's became known as assemblies of piety
July 14 1789
hoping to secure more weapons and to free people imprisoned for opposing the "old regime" a Parisian mob stormed the Bastille
Battle of Austerlitz
in the month following Trafalgar, Napoleon crushed a combined Australian-Russian army at the greatest victory of Napoleon's career.
What protections are afforded States by the United States
invasion
Methodist Church
many Anglican and Dissenter(non-Anglican) churches were greatly revived it became one of the largest denominations in both England and America during the 19th century
Methodists
nicknamed "Holy Club" because of their pious meetings and well-ordered methods of conduct
Paradise Lost
produced by Milton, England's greatest epic
David Hume
promoted the philosophy of skepticism
Age of Absolution
several monarchs aspired to have absolute (unlimited power)
Revolutionary War
the American War for Independence, it was very different from the revolution that ravaged France a decade later
Lord Horatio Nelson
the Commander of the British navy at Trafalgar was considered by some to be the greatest naval hero the world has ever known
Constitution of 1791
the Constituent Assembly drafted France's first written constitution
1789
the Constitution was ratified; a new Congress of elected representatives was soon established
Estates General
the French nobles insisted that Louis call it in order, which had not met for over 170 years
Jonathan Edwards
the Great Awakening began in earnest around 1730 under the preaching of the pastor of the Congregational Church at Northampton, Massachusetts
First Estate
the clergy
Battle of Naseby
the climax came on June 14, 1645 when the Round heads decisively defeated the Cavaliers
Duke of Wellington
the combined British and Prussian armies led by a brilliant general, crushed the French army
metric system
the revolutionists also devised a new system of weights and measures, because the old system reminded them of the kings and aristocrats who had establised it
July 4, 1776
the second Continental Congress unanimously adopted the Declaration of Independence
Right
this group became known because they sat on the right side of the Assembly
Cavaliers
those who supported the king wore their hair in long ringlets after the French fashion
divine right of kings
to rule with unlimited power
American War for Independence
when British troops, warships and foreign mercenaries were sent to suppress the American colonies, the colonists had no choice but to defend their traditional liberties
Battle of Marston Moor
where Cromwell personally led a change that routed a Cavalier army