HI 102

In their oath of office, what three actions is the president charged with as they relate to the Constitution?

* Preserve * Protect * Defend

What five freedoms is Congress forbidden to constrain under the First Amendment

* Religion * Speech * Press * Peaceably assemble * Petition the government

What two conditions are placed on criminal trials?

* Trial by jury * must be held in the state committed

What six purposes are specifically mentioned in the preamble?

* form a more perfect union * establish justice * ensure domestic tranquility * provide for the common defense * promote the general welfare * secure the blessings of liberty

1715

Age of Enlightenment begins in France

1815

Battle of Waterloo/ Final defeat of Napoleon

Mercantilism

Britain's administration of her New World possessions reflected the economic policy which held that the real measure of a nation's wealth was the amount of gold or silver it possessed

New Zealand, New Guinea, Australia

Captain James Cook's first expedition took him through the South Pacific, where he charted these islands and successfully navigated the treacherous Great Barrier Reef

Who has the power to ordain and establish "inferior courts" ?

Congress

Who is granted the authority to enter new states into the union?

Congress

"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God"

Edwards is best remembered for his most famous sermon, delivered in 1741

Eleven Years' Tyranny

England moved from a limited, representative government to an absolute and irrepressible monarchy like that of France or Spain

Commonwealth

England's new government was proclaimed a republic under the leadership of Oliver Cromwell

1620

English Separatists fleeing from persecution established the New England colony of Plymouth

1607

English colonists established Jamestown, Virginia

Napoleonic Wars

Europe was thus plunged into the beginning of what would be one of the most important series of wars in the history of the world

What are you protected from under the Eighth Amendment

Excessive bail, probable cause, cruel and unusual punishment

New France

France eventually claimed Canada, the Great Lakes region and the Mississippi Valley

George III

George II's successor, that England came to dominate much of North America

The Brethren

German Baptists, were one group that broke with the state church

1688

Glorious Revolution in England

Charles I

Jame's son became king following his father's death, inherited his father's disdain for Parliament and a stubborn belief in the divine right of kings, but wars with Spain and later France made him very dependent upon the institution he so despised

Charles Wesley

James and George Whitefield met regularly with several other young men to study the Bible and the classics and to encourage each other in their spiritual development

1607

Jamestown, first permanent English settlement in America, established

What freedom does the Second Amendment protect?

Keep and bear arms

James I

King James of VI of Scotland, the only son of Mary Queen of Scots, should unite the crowns of Scotland and England

Jean Baptiste Colbert

Louis XIV's minister of finance mobilized the country's economic resources through policies that developed trade with French colonies and encouraged industry at home

Marie Antionette

Louis XVI's wife

November 9. 1799

Napoleon and his followers drove the legislators of the Directory from their chambers and proclaimed a new republic - the Consulate

1812

Napoleon began the Russian campaign in June, and took few provisions, intending to live off the land, but that was nearly impossible in Russia's cold climate, even at that time of year

St. Helena

Napoleon was again exiled, this time to a distant island in the south Atlantic

Marie Louise

Napoleon's second wife, the 18-year-old daughter of the Austrian emperor

1620

Plymouth colony established by English separatists

What two prohibitions does the First Amendment place on Congress on matters pertaining to religion?

Prohibiting the free exercise, peaceably assemble

What amendment allows Congress to "lay and collect taxes on income, from whatever source derived..."?

Sixteenth Amendment

1833

Slavery abolished in British Empire

William Pitt the Elder

a British statesman who became Prime minister of England

Phillip Spener

a German Lutheran pastor, became concerned about the spiritual coldness and lack of moral consciousness in Germany

Jacques Marquette

a Jesuit missionary explored the central Mississippi River

Mary II

a Protestant daughter of James II English traditional political liberties

Oliver Cromwell

a Puritan who was placed in command of Parliament's armies

Louis Joliet

a fur trader, who explored the central Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico

Pilgrims

a group of Separatists, fled to Holland in 1609 to escape persecution, and later sailed to America in 1620

Metaphysical poets

a group of poets who wrote about the mind, the soul, and eternity with much passion, logic, and imagery, in order to express spiritual truths

Civil Constitution of the Clergy

a major cause of dissatisfaction, adopted by the National Assembly, attempted to justify the confiscation of Church property and the establishment of a church of France

deism

a religion that rejected Scripture and professed that God is an impersonal Being who is revealed only in nature, and must be sought through man's reason

United States Constitution

after several months of debating and compromising, the delegates produced a document that has become a masterpiece of history

plebiscite

an election in which the people express their will

Count Nicholas von Zinzendorf

an important Moravian leader was a young German nobleman who was trained at the Pietist Universtiy of Halle in Germany

Bastille

an old castle stronghold in Paris used primarily as a prison

Moravians

another group that was revived by Pietism was the Unitas Fratrum (United Brethren)

Cavalier poets

another group wrote lyrical poems about love and the pleasures of this world

Denis Diderot

another important figure of the Enlightenment, was the editor of the Encyclopedia, a multivolume work that was an attempt to reorganize all human knowledge from the perspective of rationalism

United Kingdom of Great Britain

another important political event during Anne's reign was the official union of England and Scotland's government in 1707

Sir William Blackstone

another important political figure in late 18th century England was jurist, who became the leading authority on English law

William Laud

appointed as archbishop of Canterbury

Whigs

as Charles became increasingly pro-Catholic, a group arose in Parliament to oppose him

Age of Enlightenment

as Louis XIV's reign drew to a close, France entered into an Age which proved to be almost a new "Dark Age" for France, it was a movement that attempted to apply unaided human philosophy to all areas of man's life in order to establish a new social order

English Civil War

began officially an August 22, 1642, when the king raised his banner in the town of Nottingham

George I

began the Hanoverian line of English kings

1730-1760

beginning of the French Revolution/ National Assembly established in France/ Storming of the Bastille in Paris

French and Indian War

broke out as the British fought the French and their Indian allies for control of eastern North America

War of the League of Augsburg

broke out in 1688, the French won several battles but could not defeat so many enemies

Great Awakening

by 1730, the revival had spread to America, the impact of the American revivals was significant because it prepared the colonies for their long struggle with their mother country for independence

Continental Congress

by 1774, representatives from the colonies had convened in Philadelphia in order to maintain freedom in America and reconcile their differences with Great Britain

Continental System

forbade the importation of British goods into any European country under French control

Concordat

formal agreement signed by Napoleon with the Pope in 1801

Third Estate

from prosperous middle-class merchant to poor peasant

Ironsides

hardened by military discipline and stiffened by religious zeal, Cromwell's army was given this nickname

popular education

historians see the Sunday school movement as the beginning of education for all children in Great Britain

Petition of Right

in 1628, Parliament, the legal representative of the people of England drew up a petition to which Charles grudgingly assented, it reaffirmed the liberties and rights which Englishmen had won in the past

National Covenant

in 1638, the Scottish people established a covenant pledging to resist any attempt to change their religious institutions without their consent

Protectorate

in 1653 Cromwell finally dissolved Parliament and set up a new government

Treaty of Dover

in 1670, Charles secretly signed a treaty with King Louis XIV of France without Parliament's knowledge

Pilgrim's progress

in 1678, Bunyan wrote England's greatest allegory, while he was in prison for preaching without a government license

Treaty of Ryswick

in 1967, Louis signed a document which established the status quo ante bellum (the existing state before the war)

Battle of Leipzig

in October 1813 the combined forces of Europe defeated Napoleon's new army, sometimes called the Battle of Nations

National Convention

in September 1792, the Constituent Assembly was replaced by a more radical group (controlled by the Left) which was to rule temporarily and write another new constitution

Center

in the Center of the group without any particular program or principles

Samuel de Champlain

known as "the Father of New France" founded Quebec in 1608

Left

led by such prominent Jacobins as Jean Paul Marat, Georges Jacques Danton, and Maximilien Robespierre, wanted the Revolution to go much further in France

bureaucracy

literally means "government by men who sit at desks

Massachusetts

many Puritans left England at this time; in fact, some who had feared such persecution had already taken refuge in America, where the established a colony in 1630

Charles II

most Englishmen now favored a restoration of the old monarchy; thus Parliament open negations with Charles I's exiled son, who had been living in France since the end of the English Civil War

Glorious Revolution

of 1688, as this bloodless transition of government in England was called, it secured once and for all the traditional rights and liberties of the English people

Czar Alexander I

of Russia withdrew his country from the Continental System and began to trade with England

Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

on August 26, 1789, the National Assembly adopted this document proclaiming to the world "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity, or Death" -

guillotine

on January 21, 1793, Louis XVI was executed on a device for chopping off human heads

Rump Parliament

on January 30, 1649, declared King Charles I guilty of treason and had him beheaded

1815

on June 18th, Napoleon met his final defeat at the Battle of Waterloo in Belgium

Tennis Court Oath

on June 20,1789, the National Assembly vowed to continue meeting until a national constitution had been written

Battle of Trafalgar

on October 21,1805, the British navy destroyed a combined French and Spanish fleet at one of the greatest battles in history

Hawaiian Islands

on his third expedition Cook discovered the Sandwich Islands and surveyed the Western coast of North America as far north as the Bering Strait, proving that there existed no navigable "Northwest Passage" through North America

August Francke

one man who was profoundly affected by the Pietists movement was a young professor at the German University of Leipzig

Maximilien Robespierre

one member of the Committee of Public Safety, a prominent member of the Jacobin Club, soon became the most influential man in the French government

William Wilberforce

one of the great Christian statesman of English history

John Milton

one of the greatest English writers of all time was a Puritan scholar

Voltaire

one of the influential Enlightenment philosophers, "the Father of the Enlightenment" was a witty intellectual writer who openly attracted Christianity in the name of reason

John Locke

one of the most influential philosophers of this age

Edmund Burke

one of the most noteworthy members of the British Paliament during the 18th century was an Irishman.

League of Augsburg

realizing that Louis's actions threatened the rest of Europe, several European nations in 1686 formed a coalition against France that consisted of England, the Dutch Republic, the Holy Roman Empire, and several other German States

Napoleon Bonaparte

returned to Paris from a military campaign in Egypt, born in Corsicain 1769, had been trained in the French military schools

John Wesley

revival came to England around 1740 through the ministry of the great English revivalist

1611

scholars had completed the King James or Authorized Version - the best-loved and most widely used translation of God's Word ever produced

Committee of Public Safety

set up by the Convention to quell the growing anarchy, composed of 12 men holding extensive police and judicial powers

Virginia & New England

several attempts to colonize the territories England claimed in North America, had failed during the late 1500's

Jacobin Club

several of those who supported organized the radical club that was named so because it met in an old Jacobin monastery in France

Richard Cromwell

succeeded his father as Lord Protector in 1658, but he quickly fell from power

Toleration Act

taking an important step toward true religious freedom in England

Adoniram Judson

the "Father of American Missions" went to India in 1812

Constituent Assembly

the National Assembly

August 4th Decrees

the National Assembly ended the lords privileges of collecting and taxes from the peasants' lands, and taking special privileges over peasants in courts of law

balance of power

the Treaty of Utrecht also established among nations of Europe the concept that the idea that no nation should be too strong or too weak

Treaty of Utrecht

the War of the Spanish Succession ended in 1713 with the signing of a series of agreements among the warring nations

Empiricism

the belief that experience is the only source of knowledge

George Whitefield

the best-known Great Awakening evangelist was actually an English preacher

Louis XVIII

the coalition of European nations then restored the Bourbon monarchy to the throne of France, the Louis XVI's brother was crowned

Robert Raikes

the editor and publisher of a large newspaper in Gloucester, England, touched by the plight of his city's poor street children, he started the first Sunday school

Jamestown

the first permanent English settlement in the New World

Quebec

the first permanent French colony in America

Sir Robert Walpole

the first true prime minister of Britain, the real power in the government fell to the king's chief minister

Elba

the forces of Europe exiled Napoleon to an island, on the Italian coast, where he was sentenced to live out his days as the sovereign of the island, his own little kingdom

George Washington

the great hero of the War for Independence and an important leader at the Constitutional Convention, was unanimously elected as the first President of the United States

Captain James Cook

the greatest British navigator and explorer of the age

Samuel Johnson

the greatest literary figure of the 18th century was a literary critic, conversationalist, and novelist

John Bunyan

the greatest prose writer of the age was a Puritan preacher

rationalism

the idea that man's reason is the sole criterion for truth, this view worships human reason as a god and rejects absolutes (including the Scriptures) if they do not seem reasonable

skepticism

the idea that to know truth is impossible and that to know how the truth is impossible

Age of Reason

the late 17th and early 18th centuries in England were known because several English philosophers and writers adopted forms of rationalism, deism, and the humanistic philosophies

authoritarian

the majority of the world's people have been ruled by those who expected unconditional obedience to their authority

War of the Spanish Succession

the most costly war of Louis XIV's reign

Declaration of Independence

the most important human statement of political principles in the history of the world

George II

the next Hanoverian, learned the English language, but he was even less involved in the English government than his father had been

Second Estate

the nobility

National Assembly

the official representative body of all the people of France

"Liberty, Equality, Fraternity, or Death"

the slogan for the new regime in France

Old Regime

the system of government and way of life in pre-Revolutionary France

William Carey

the year 1792 marks the official beginning of modern missions, for it was then that an English shoemaker was saved during the Wesleyan Revival, began his historic ministry in India, known as the "Father of Modern Missions"

Round heads

those who supported Parliament were given a nickname because they wore their hair short, cut int the shape of a bowl

Reign of Terror

to suppress anti-revolutionary movements, the Committee of Public Safety, under Robespierre's leadership some 40,000 people died and hundreds of thousands were arrested

Battle of Blenheim

under Eugene and Marlborough's leadership they gained their most notable victory along the Danube River in 1704

Consulate

was headed by three consuls, with Napoleon as First Consul

Louis XIV

was only five years old when his father, Louis XIII, died. (known as Sun King) reigned for 70 years, known for his display of pomp and splendor.

James II

when Charles II died in 1685, his brother, a Catholic, became the new King of England and head of the Church of England

Louis XV

when Louis XIV died in 1715, his grandson inherited the throne

Anne

when William III died in 1702, the only heir to the English throne was Mary's sister, she became the last Stuart monarch of England, because none of her own children lived past childhood

Romanticism

which exalted man's emotions and imagination as the basis for truth, and advocated a "return to nature"

"L'etat, C'est moi

"I am the state". King Louis XIV embodying the doctrine of absolutism in its purest form,he was the epitome of an absolute ruler

"Apres moi le deluge"

"after me the deluge". Louis XV said that on his death bed in 1774

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

"the Father of French Romanticism"

What are the two parts of the Congress?

* House of Representatives * Senate

For how long are senators chosen?

6 years

Articles of Confederation

America's first attempt to build a national government, proved to be unworkable and inadequate

1611

Authorized Version of the Bible published

In what house must bills regarding raising revenue originate?

House of Representatives

Code Napoleon

Napoleon also established new law codes that became the most famous since those of the Romans

What amendment prohibits slavery or involuntary servitude except as a punishment for a crime

Thirteenth Amendment

1707

United Kingdom of Great Britain established

William III

William of Orange became King of England

Herrnhut

Zinzendorf's estate soon became the site for the Moravian settlement , the headquarters for Moravian missionary activities

John Howard

a fine Christian gentleman who was a personal friend of John Wesley

Mazarin

a young cardinal groomed to rule for the new child-king, by Cardinal Richelieu, who had died a year earlier.

Palace of Versailles

about 10 miles from Paris, Louis had the famous Palace built

Louis XVI

come to the throne in 1774, France received another ruler who was grossly unfit for the task of leading a great nation, for he had neither the education nor the character for the job

Directory

following Robespierre's fall, the National Convention adopted a new constitution and established a new government the fifth government of France in as many years

Pietists

groups such as Spener's became known as assemblies of piety

July 14 1789

hoping to secure more weapons and to free people imprisoned for opposing the "old regime" a Parisian mob stormed the Bastille

Battle of Austerlitz

in the month following Trafalgar, Napoleon crushed a combined Australian-Russian army at the greatest victory of Napoleon's career.

What protections are afforded States by the United States

invasion

Methodist Church

many Anglican and Dissenter(non-Anglican) churches were greatly revived it became one of the largest denominations in both England and America during the 19th century

Methodists

nicknamed "Holy Club" because of their pious meetings and well-ordered methods of conduct

Paradise Lost

produced by Milton, England's greatest epic

David Hume

promoted the philosophy of skepticism

Age of Absolution

several monarchs aspired to have absolute (unlimited power)

Revolutionary War

the American War for Independence, it was very different from the revolution that ravaged France a decade later

Lord Horatio Nelson

the Commander of the British navy at Trafalgar was considered by some to be the greatest naval hero the world has ever known

Constitution of 1791

the Constituent Assembly drafted France's first written constitution

1789

the Constitution was ratified; a new Congress of elected representatives was soon established

Estates General

the French nobles insisted that Louis call it in order, which had not met for over 170 years

Jonathan Edwards

the Great Awakening began in earnest around 1730 under the preaching of the pastor of the Congregational Church at Northampton, Massachusetts

First Estate

the clergy

Battle of Naseby

the climax came on June 14, 1645 when the Round heads decisively defeated the Cavaliers

Duke of Wellington

the combined British and Prussian armies led by a brilliant general, crushed the French army

metric system

the revolutionists also devised a new system of weights and measures, because the old system reminded them of the kings and aristocrats who had establised it

July 4, 1776

the second Continental Congress unanimously adopted the Declaration of Independence

Right

this group became known because they sat on the right side of the Assembly

Cavaliers

those who supported the king wore their hair in long ringlets after the French fashion

divine right of kings

to rule with unlimited power

American War for Independence

when British troops, warships and foreign mercenaries were sent to suppress the American colonies, the colonists had no choice but to defend their traditional liberties

Battle of Marston Moor

where Cromwell personally led a change that routed a Cavalier army