Botany

Global warming is caused MAINLY by a build-up of which of the following gas?

CO2

The ultimate source of electrons for photosynthesis is

H2O

The study of plants and their impact on humans is important because plants

-provide food, shelter, and clothing -provide the ecological support system linking all living organisms in their environment -contribute to the natural beauty of the world and play a role in many recreational pursuits -have, at least in the past, been an important source of medicine (all of the above)

What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the innermost electron orbital?

2

A codon consists of _________ nucleotide(s)

3

The cell wall functions ________.

-as support -as a barrier between plant and outside environment - as protection and maintain functional cell shape #all of the above

Maple trees are unlikely to initiate an adaptive response to

The leaching of phosphate from the soil

Initiation of dormancy in buds and seeds

abscisic acid

Separation of chromatids

anaphase 2

A substance consisting of two or more elements united by chemical bonds in a definite ratio is called a

compound

Prevention of leaf senescence

cytokinin

The following is non-conducting xylem

heartwood

Which type of chemical bond involves the transfer of electrons?

ionic

Water transport

xylem

Which of the following is NOT a component of cell walls?

RNA

If a segment of DNA has the base sequence ATTGCA, the RNA transcribed from it would be?

UAACGU

The order of tissues encountered in the midrib section of a eudicot leaf, from top (close to the sun) to bottom would be

Upper epidermis ---> palisade parenchyma ---> vascular bundle---> spongy mesophyll ---> lower epidermis

Each nucleotide of a DNA molecule consists of a nitrogenous base plus _______.

a 5-carbon sugar and a phosphate group

If a bulb is planted, its orientation does not matter because the

a and b (root growns downward positive, shoot grows upward negative)

If the top of a woody stem is removed

a and b....(Axillary buds on the stem will start to grow and activity of the vascular cambium will decrease

The mature male gametophyte of an angiosperm consists of __________

a germinated pollen grain with a germinated pollen grain with vegetative nucleus and two sperm nuclei

Stomatal closure

abscisic acid

Which of the following is an incorrect match between hormone and function?

abscisic acid- releases buds from dormancy

The basic units or subunits of which a protein is composed are_________.

amino acids

The volume of space in which a given electron occurs 90% of the time is called

an orbital

Separation of homologous chromosomes

anaphase I

Which of the following is NOT a domain of life?

animalia

Identify the three nuclei at the top (anterior end) of the megagametophyte

antipodals

The mass of the protons and neutrons added is the

atomic weight

Apical dominance

auxin

If all of the fruits (seeds) on the outside of a strawberry are removed when it is young, it will not develop. If the strawberry is sprayed with a hormone solution, normal development occurs. The hormone most likely to cause a response is

auxin

Phototropism

auxin

Prokaryotic cells are characteristic of _______; eukaryotic cells are characteristic of ________.

bacteria; all other organisms including plants and animals

Which of the following is considered to be a specialization characteristic of advanced (more highly evolved) flowering plants?

bilateral symmetry

_____________ is the scientific investigation of the biology of plants.

botany

Because of the greater light intensity and heat absorption on the upper surface of the leaf, the upper surface has

both [fewer stomates than the lower surface and a thicker cuticle thand the lower surface] are both correct

Compounds that consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ration of CH2O are __________.

carbohydrates (literally in the question, carbon-carbo..)

Photosynthesis

chlorenchyma

Flexible support

collenchyma

The female gametophyte of an angiosperm consists of __________.

consists of a large sac with 8 nuclei in 7 cells

The fluid within cells in which the nucleus and other organelles are suspended is

cytoplasm

This represents a stack of thin vesicles held together in a flat or cup shaped array.

dictyosomes

In a typical plant life cycle, gametes are produced by a

diploid sporophyte ?

Many fruits are harvested before they are ripe because it is easier to transport them in that stage of development. They must be transported in a partial vacuum mainly to

draw out ethylene that will hasten ripening

A mature seed consists of the seed coat, nutritive tissue, and ________

embryo

Classes of proteins called _______ function as organic catalysts for chemical reactions in cells.

enzymes

Many plants flower in response to a change in day length. Plants with this adaptation probably have evolved in all of the following areas except

equatorial africa

Fruit abscission

ethylene

The only plant hormone that is a gas is

ethylene

In the phospholipid bilayer the lipid tails are hydrophilic while the phosphate heads are hydrophobic.

false

Viruses are considered living things because they reproduce on their own.

false

Strong support

fibers

The ovary of the flower matures into a(n)

fruit

Release of seeds from dormancy

gibberelin

_________ is a product of the Calvin Cycle that is used to form glucose phosphate, amino acids or fatty acids

glyceraldehyde-3-phospate (G3P).

The most common long-term response of a plant part to environmental stimuli is

growth

If a polymer is a chain of four or more repeating units, which of following is NOT a polymer?

lipids (you only have ONE set of lips)

The term "codon" refers to triplets of nucleotide bases in

mRNA

In a mature, functioning, healthy cell with a nucleus, which of the following is extracellular?

middle lamella

Prokaryotic cells lack

mitochondria (pro=NO, so no mito)

______________ species have imperfect (unisexual) flowers on the same plant

monoecious

Protons (H+) accumulate in the thylakoid space during electron transport between photosystems I and II. The excess of protons in the thylakoid space

moves from the thylakoid space to the stroma through an ATP synthase complex channel that generates ATP. ty

A plant is a short-night plant whose critical night lengths is 10 hours. To flower that plant must receive

nights shorter than 10 hours

____________ polymers serve as the genetic memory in living cells.

nucleic acid

Viruses always consist of

nucleic acid + protein

The structure known as the ________ is formed of RNA and associated proteins inside the nucleus.

nucleolus

If each stem node has two leaves the phyllotaxy is said to be

opposite

Which sequence generally describes the steps of the scientific method?

organization, hypothesis, testing, retesting, conclusion

Which of the following is NOT a plastid?

peroxisomes (the other p answer choice)

Sugar transport

phloem

Sugars produced in photosynthesis are "loaded" into the _____ of the leaf for transport throughout the plant

phloem

If a flower opens at night and closes during the day, the response is

photonastic

Which of the following metabolic activities of plants produces sugars?

photosynthesis (ppp, plants produce photosynthesis)

Which statement is NOT true about photosystems?

photosystem I passes electrons on to photosystem II.

The principal pigment involved in photoperiodism and endogenous rhythms is

phytochrome

If you want to produce a bushier shrub with more branches, you should

pinch off the stem tips

The structure in mosses that produces an egg releases a chemical as it matures that attracts the flagellated sperm produced in a different structure. This is an example of

positive chemotaxis

Crossing over occurs during

prophase I

Bud scales

protection

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of life?

random organization

Which of the following is NOT a part of the endomembrane system?

ribosome

Which of the pairs is mismatched?

ribosome; digestion

Enzymes are synthesized on

ribosomes

Which of the following structures found in living cells is NOT bound by a membrane or membranes?

ribosomes

The only living cells in a flowering plant that lack a nucleus at maturity are

sieve tube members

A solution with a ph of 7.8 represents the following?

strong base

Which of the following is NOT a major component of protoplasm?

sulfur

Reppearance of nuclear envelope

telophase II

To what does the term stroma refer?

the central fluid flilled space of the chloroplastb

Mitochondria are

the sites of production of energy (ATP) needed for plant functions.

The nucleolus represents a concentrated area of RNA found in the nucleus

true

Water is a polar molecule.

true

Maintaining the internal pressure of plant cells is a function of the

vacuole