Botany Exam 1 Practice

In the genetics lab, a researcher is interested in the effect of gravity on root growth. She finds a plant that has roots that have grown with no regard to gravity. She is anxious to narrow down the cause of this strange growth pattern. As a botanist, you can advise her about where gravity is perceived in terms of root growth. Where should you direct your study? A. Amyloplasts B. Chloroplasts C. Chromoplasts D. Leucoplasts E. Gravoplasts

A. Amyloplasts

Which of the following is NOT a specialized root? A. Branch or lateral roots B. Food storage root of sweet potatoes C. Prop root of corn D. Contractile roots E. Propagative roots

A. Branch or lateral roots

If a cell has 6 chromosomes, how many chromatids are present during metaphase of mitosis? A. 6 B. 12 C. 18 D. 24 E. It cannot be determined

C. 12

As you are observing plant growth in your botany lab, you notice a plant that has roots that are developing from an organ, and not from an existing root. The type of roots that are you observing must be _________. A. Root hairs B. Fibrous roots C. Adventitious root D. Primary roots

C. Adventitious roots

In mitosis, the two chromatids of each chromosome separate and move to opposite poles during? A. Prophase B. Metaphase C. Anaphase D. Telophase E. Interphase

C. Anaphase

Monocots, such as grasses, usually have __________ root systems. A. Simple, straight B. Taproot C. Fibrous D. Secondary E. Aerial

C. Fibrous

The tiny cavity at the center of fiber and stone cells is called a A. Vacuole B. Air space C. Lumen D. Food Pocket E. Water-storage area

C. Lumen

As part of a lab assignment, you need to quickly locate the intercalary meristems of a species of grass. In what vicinity should you look? A. Axillary buds B. Roots C. Nodes D. Cuticles E. Leaf tips

C. Nodes

As you are dissecting a plant in your botany lab, you and your lab partner are identifying each tissue type as you go. As you cut into the root, you note tissue that is adjacent to the endodermis and towards the center of a root. Your lab partner is unsure of this new tissue. Can you identify the tissue? A. Cortex B. Pith C. Pericycle D. Xylem E. Phloem

C. Pericycle

The _______ initiates the formation of the new cell wall separating two daughter cells. A. Cell plate B. Centriole C. Phragmoplast D. Dictyosome E. Endoplasmic Reticulum

C. Phragmoplast

Cells of the root cap ease the growth of young roots through the soil by _______. A. Secreting slippery lipids like waves B. Producing oils C. Producing a mucilaginous lubricant D. Forcing a passage between soil particles E. None of the above

C. Producing a mucilaginous lubricant

Chromosomes shorten and thicken during this stage of the cell cycle a. metaphase b. anaphase c. prophase d. telophase e. Cytokinesis

C. Prophase

What is the function of collenchyma tissue? A. Metabolism B. Conduction of food C. Provide strength to growing organs D. Prevent water loss E. Photosynthesis

C. Provide strength to growing organs

Which of the following structures found in living cells is not bound by a membrane or membranes? A. Golgi bodies (dictyosomes) B. Plastids C. Ribosomes D. Endoplasmic Reticulum E. Nucleus

C. Ribosomes

In forming the sieve tube, one sieve tube element is connected to another sieve tube element by? A. Pits B. Stomata C. Sieve pores D. Perforations E. Bordered pits

C. Sieve pores

The fatty substance in the walls of cork cells is? A. Cutin B. Latex C. Suberin D. Pectin E. Cellulose

C. Suberin

Vessels (or vessel members) are different from tracheids because? A. vessels conduct sugars, tracheids conduct water B. Vessels are living cells, tracheids are dead cells C. Vessels have perforated end walls, tracheids do not D. Vessels have smooth walls, tracheids have perforated walls E. Vessels conduct water, tracheids conduct sugars

C. Vessels have perforated end walls, tracheids do not

If a cell suddenly has lost the functional ability of its tracheids, _________ would cease. A. Food storage B. Food conduction C. Water Conduction D. Water storage E. secretion of latex

C. Water conduction

People harvest the storage roots of biennials such as ______ for their food value. A. Carrots B. Licorice C. Reserpine D. Rotenone E. All of these answers are correct

A. Carrots

Which of the following tissues is common in roots but not in stems? A. Endodermis B. Parenchyma C. Cortex D. Epidermis E. Pith

A. Endodermis

Mycorrhizae roots are those that? A. Have a symbiotic association with fungi B. Have a symbiotic association with nitrogen fixing bacteria C. Contain hyphae of parasitic fungi D. Are above ground roots that serve to support the stem E. Are propagative roots

A. Have a symbiotic association with fungi

In which phase of the cell cycle does replication (duplication) of the DNA take place? A. Interphase B. Prophase C. Metaphase D. Anaphase E. Telophase

A. Interphase

Actively dividing cells can be found in? A. Meristems B. Xylem tissue C. Epidermal tissue D. Center of stems E. Phloem tissue

A. Meristems

In your botany lab, if you need to quickly differentiate periderm in a section of a plant, what should you look for in abundance? A. Parenchyma B. Collenchyma C. Cork D. Vessel Element E. Ray initials

A. Parenchyma

The tissue in which lenticels are formed is? A. Periderm B. Chlorenchyma C. Epidermis D. Cork cambium E. Collenchyma

A. Periderm

As part of your lab assignment, you must describe a section of plant tissue beginning with whether the tissue is simple or complex. As you examine the tissue using your microscope, you see it composed of only one type of cell. What type of tissue an you exclude from your answer? A. Phloem B. Parenchyma C. Collenchyma D. Sclerenchyma

A. Phloem

Which tissue is derived from the apical meristem? A. Protoderm B. Cork Cambium C. Periderm D. Secondary phloem E. Secondary xylem

A. Protoderm

What could a cell wall lack entirely without ay effect on the structure or function of the cell wall? A. RNA B. Cellulose C. Lignin D. Proteins E. Pectin

A. RNA

Enzymes are synthesized on? A. Ribosomes B. Chloroplasts C. Golgi Bodies D. The nucleus E. Microbodies

A. Ribosomes

The region of cell division in a root is also known as _________. A. The root apical meristem B. Shoot apical meristem C. Region of root hair production D. Zone of elongation E. Endodermis

A. The root apical meristem

In spring, as an avid gardener, you have planted a variety of plants in your garden. As spring progresses, the girth of your plants increases. As a student of botany, you can explain the increase in girth through activity in the ________________. A. Vascular cambium B. Secondary phloem C. Periderm D. Parenchyma E. Collenchyma

A. Vascular cambium

Cell membranes are made up of a mosaic of? A. Phospholipids and proteins B. Cellulose and lignin C. Pectins and proteins D. Nucleic Acid and wax E. Carbohydrates and proteins

A. phospholipids and proteins

Groups of cells that have a similar structure or common function are called __________. A. Tissues B. Meristems C. Differentiated Cells D. Primary meristems E. Secondary meristems

A. tissues

Predict the immediate effect if a cell suddenly found its mitochondria to be nonfunctional.

ATP could not be produced

Prokaryotic cells are characteristic of ________; eukaryotes cells are characteristic of _____? A. Fungi; plants B. Bacteria, all other organisms including plants and animals C. Fungi, plants and animals D. Plants and animals, bacteria E. viruses, bacteria

B. Bacteria, all other organisms including plants and animals

In completing a survey of plant tissue types, you need to locate an intercalary meristem. Where should you look? A. Apical region B. Base of grass leaves C. Tips of leaves D. Tips of roots E. Shoot tips

B. Base of grass leaves

Which of the following is a meristematic tissue? A. Parenchyma B. Cork Cambium C. Xylem D. Collenchyma E. Epidermis

B. Cork cambium

The fluid within cells in which the nucleus and other organelles are suspended is? A. protoplasm B. cytosol C. cell sap D. pectin E. Stroma

B. Cytosol

In a mature, functioning, healthy cell with a nucleus, which of the following is extracellular? A. Endoplasmic Reticulum B. Middle Lamella C. Nucleolus D. Chromosomes E. Ribosomes

B. Middle Lamella

The structure know as the ______ is formed of RNA and associated proteins inside the nucleus/ A. Ribosome B. Nucleolus C. Mitochondrion D. Dictyosome (golgi) E. nucleus

B. Nucleolus

A cell type that has thin primary cell walls, a large vacuole, and is living at maturity is a? A. Sclereid B. Parenchyma Cell C. Tracheid D. Fiber E. Vessel

B. Parenchyma cell

In traversing the root to the central xylem vessels, the last living tissue that water passes through before entering the xylem is the? A. Endodermis B. Pericycle C. Cortex D. Phloem E. Epidermis

B. Pericycle

Which of the following are primary constituents of cell membranes? A. nucleotides B. Phospholipids C. proteins D. carbohydrates E. steroids

B. Phospholipids

The _________ is a part of the embryo of a seed A. Root hair B. Radicle C. Fibrous root D. Taproot E. Adventitious root

B. Radicle

In the lab, you have observed that a genetic mutation causes a sharply decreased amount of lignin in the plant species that you are observing. Where would this decreased lignin be apparent? A. Parenchyma B. Sclerenchyma C. Collenchyma D. Aerenchyma E. Chlorenchyma

B. Sclerenchyma

The function of companion cells is? A. To conduct food from one part of the plant to another B. To aid the associated sieve tube members with its cellular activities C. To conduct water and minerals from one part of the plant to another D. To conduct food laterally E. To do all of the functions listed

B. To aid the associated sieve tube members with its cellular activities

As you work your lab assignment, you note the presence of conducting cells that are open at either end in plant slide. Based on this, you can conclude the cells are _________. A. Sieve cells B. Vessel Elements C. Parenchyma Cells D. Fibers E. Stone cells

B. Vessel Elements

You would expect to find collenchyma cells in the? A. Center of the root B. in herbaceous stems, just under the epidermis C. Apical meristem D. in xylem tissue of woody trees E. Both apical meristem and xylem of woody plants are correct

B. in herbaceous stems, just under the epidermis

Which of the following is a type of sclerenchyma cell?\ A. Companion Cell B. Sieve-tube element C. Procambium cell D. Ray cell E. Fiber

E. Fiber

The region of elongation is characterized by _________. A. Root hair production B. Development of the root cap C. Producing ground meristem D. Production of branch roots E. Increase in size of cells

E. Increase in size of cells

Simple tissues such as ____________ are composed of a single type of cell. A. Secretory tissues B. phloem C. Epidermis D. Cork E. Parenchyma

E. Parenchyma

As you are taking your botany lab practical, you are asked to identify a sampling of cells. You have the dreaded moment when your find feels blank and you cannot remember the name of these cells. Never to be defeated, you take a deep breath, and carefully start observing the details of the cells. You breathe a sign of relief when you note the cells are of an endodermis and that they do not have Casparian strips. You now know the cells are? A. Sieve-tube elements B. Tracheids C. Fibers D. Collenchyma E. Passage Cells

E. Passage Cells

A ___________ is relatively thin walled. A. Stone cell B. Fiber C. Tracheid D. Vessel element E. Passage cell

E. Passage cell

Which of the following tissues has sugar conduction as a primary function? A. Epidermis B. Parenchyma C. Sclerenchyma D. Collenchyma E. Phloem

E. Phloem

Which of the pairs is mismatched? A. Chloroplast; photosynthesis B. Nucleus; chromosomes C. Microtubules; movement D. Mitochondria; energy production E. Ribosomes; digestion

E. Ribosomes; digestion

If the radicle could no longer give rise to a new root system, which system could not be produced? A. Adventitious B. Climbing C. Stem cutting D. Fibrous E. Taproot

E. Taproot

Predict what would happen to a plant cell that has been exposed to a chemical that caused the degradation of the cell wall A. the cell would lose structural support B. the cell would have no barrier between the cytoplasm and the environment C. the cell would be unable to divide D. The cell shape would be lost E. The cell would lose is structural support and shape

E. The cell would lose is structural support and shape

As you seek to identify an unknown plant tissue, through the microscope you see it is composed of several different types of cells. Given these choices, what is the tissues you are trying to identify? A. Xylem B. Phloem C. Collenchyma D. Sclerenchyma E. This tissue could be xylem or phloem

E. The tissue could be xylem or phloem

The outer boundary of living protoplasm in a plant cell is a? A. Vacuolar membrane B. Primary cell wall C. Secondary cell wall D. Middle lamella E. Plasma membrane

E. plasma membrane

Chlorenchyma tissue is composed of primary collenchyma cells True or False

False

Companion cells are found adjacent to vessel elements True or False

False

Contractile roots are common in woody plants True or False

False

Cyclosis is another name for the cell cycle True or False

False

Golgi bodies (dictyosomes) appear as branches of chloroplasts in the cell. True or False

False

In woody plants most of the vascular tissues are produced by the cork cambium True or False?

False

Periderm is another name for epidermis True or False

False

Sieve-Tube elements have pairs of pits in their end walls True or False

False

The protective suberin bands are called Casparian strips are confined tp the cells of the epidermis True or False

False

The region of a chromosome to which a spindle fiber may be attached is called a chromatid? True or False

False

The major organs of plants are roots, stems, leaves and _____--?

Flowers

Casparian strips are composed primarily of suberin True or False

True

Cell Vacuole contain water and dissolved substances? True or False?

True

Some epidermal cells may be modified as glands True or False

True

The different primary meristems produce cells which will develop and mature into different tissues True or False

True

The nuclear envelope is porous to allow certain molecules to move between the nucleus and cytoplasm True or False

True

The primary function of sieve tubes is conduction of sugar True or False

True

The vascular tissue produced tissue that increase the girth of a plant True or False

True

When a seed germinated, the part of the embryo that develops into the first roots is called a radicle True or False

True

The middle lamella a. appears after droplets of pectin accumulate in the equatorial region on spindle fibers b. consists mainly of cellulose c. appears during anaphase d. is not formed if the phragmoplast is present e. is an important living portion of the cell

a. appears after droplets of pectin accumulate in the equatorial region on spindle fibers

The structure known as the _________ is formed of RNA and associated proteins inside the nucleus. a. ribosomes b. nucleolus c. mitochondria d. dictyosomes (golgi) e. nucleus

b. nucleolus

Which organelle is correctly matched with its function? a. Endoplasmic reticulum; starch storage b. Nucleolus; DNA synthesis c. Dictyosomes (Golgi); packaging d. Chloroplast; RNA synthesis e. Vacuole; membrane synthesis

c. Dictyosome (golgi); Packaging

In addition to anchoring a plant, roots usually function directly in ___________. A. Photosynthesis B. Production of new leaves C. Production of bud scales D. Absorption of minerals in solution

D. Absorption of minerals in solution

A tissue composed of thin-walled interconnecting air spaces between them is called? A. Collenchyma B. Chlorenchyma C. Sclerenchyma D. Aerenchyma E. Secretory Tissue

D. Aerenchyma

Regardless of the specific type if you want to trace the lineage of primary tissues, the correct origin is always in ___? A. Lateral meristems B. Vascular cambium C. Cork cambium D. Apical meristems E. Intercalary meristems

D. Apical Meristems

What would be lacking if the primary activity of cells of meristematic tissue is stopped? A. Support B. Transport of water C. Photosynthesis D. Cell division E. Defense

D. Cell division

What cell type is NOT found in the xylem of flowering plants? A. Vessel Elements B. Ray Cells C. Fibers D. Companion Cells E. Tracheids

D. Companion cells

Cell structures that apparently function in controlling the addition of cellulose to the cell wall, in steering vesicles from Golgi bodies to the cell wall, and in aiding movement within in the cells A. Thylakoids B. Ribosomes C. Mitochondria D. Microtubules E. Lysosomes

D. Microtubules

If gas exchange in a plant's stem is taking place via lenticels, what is the stems outermost later of cell called? A. Cuticle B. Epidermis C. Lumen D. Periderm

D. Periderm

Specialized roots that permit aquatic plants to facilitate gas exchange are called? A. Velamen roots B. Water-storage roots C. Buttress roots D. Pneumatophore E. Prop roots

D. Pneumatophore

The porous cell wall region of food-conducting cells are called A. Ray initials B. Pits C. Aluminous Cells D. Sieve plates E. Sieve tubes

D. Sieve plates

The cell plate appears during? A. Metaphase B. Interphase C. Prophase D. Telophase E. Prophase II

D. Telophase

Maintaining the internal pressure of plant cells is a function of the? A. dictyosomes (Golgi) B. Cytoplasm C. Lysosome D. Vacuole E. Microtubules

D. Vacuoles

The stacks of double membrane structures found in chloroplasts are? A. Plasma membrane B. Vacuolar membrane C. dictyosomes (golgi) D. Grana E. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

D. grana

The secondary cell wall forms _________. A. after the cell reaches mature size and shape B. in some, but not all plant cells C. forms between the cell membrane and the primary cell wall D. from cellulose and lignin E. All answers are correct

E. All answers are correct

Predict what would cease to occur if the root system of a plant became nonfunctional. A. Anchorage and support B. Growth C. Absorption and conduction D. Production of new roots E. All of the answers are correct

E. All of the answers are correct

Which of the following may be found in plant cell vacuoles? A. Water-soluble pigments B. Crystals C. Salts D. Sugars E. All of these answers are correct

E. All of these answers are correct

A unique feature of the pericycle is? A. Its retention of meristematic potential B. The production of lateral roots C. The presence of a Casparian strip D. Its location next to the epidermis E. Both its retention of meristematic potential and the production of lateral roots are correct.

E. Both its retention of meristematic potential and the production of lateral roots are correct.

If Scheliden and Schwann had not made their contribution to biological science, what would be missing from a discussion of cellular biology? A. Theory of cellular aging B. Theory of Evolution C. Starling's Law D. Law of Independent Assortment E. Cell Theory

E. Cell Theory

A characteristic of metaphase is that A. Chromatids separate and move apart B. Chromosomes are arranged randomly C. Microtubules are synthesized D. The nucleolus re-forms E. Chromosomes are arranged on the equatorial plane

E. Chromosomes are arranged on the equatorial plane

Which of the following does not occur during interphase? A. Increase in cell size and accumulation of building blocks for DNA synthesis B. Duplication of organelles and accumulation of components needed for actual cell division C. DNA replication D. Beginning of chromosome condensation E. Cytokinesis

E. Cytokinesis

Following chromosome duplication, the 2 chromatids are held together at the? a. Centrosome b. Centromere c. Telomere d. Kinetochore e. Centriole

b. Centromere

Cyclosis is explained as the? a. cycling of DNA to RNA b. secretion of cyclin c. cloning of a gene d. movement of cytoplasm and certain organelles within the cell e. cyclic nature of the mitotic process

d. movement of cytoplasm and certain organelles within the cell

Communication between two daughter cells is maintained by the formation of _________________ during cytokinesis a. the middle lamella b. the primary cell wall c. the secondary cell wall d. plasmodesmata e. microtubular links

d. plasmodesmata

The watery fluid in vacuoles is called? a. Chromatin b. stroma c. cristae d. protoplasm e. cell sap

e. Cell sap

Which of the following are not found within chloroplasts? a. starch grains b. DNA c. Ribosomes d. Enzymes e. Dictyosomes (golgi bodies)

e. Dictyosomes (golgi bodies)

A plasma membrane consists primarily of carbohydrate molecules? true or false

false