Boxer Rebellion
What countries made up the force that attacked and fought the Boxer Rebellion?
Austria-Hungary, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, The United Kingdom, The United States
Who was the Qing Empress Dowager?
A Chinese empress who controlled the Chinese government
How many foreigners and Chinese Christians died during the time?
Approximately several hundred and several thousand
What was the result of the conflicts from the Opium wars and Sino-Japanese war?
China lacked modernized military and suffered millions of casualties
When did the Boxer Rebellion end?
Ended with signing of the Boxer Protocol on September 7, 1901
What was the outcome of the Boxer Rebellion?
Forts protecting Beijing were to be destroyed. Boxers and Chinese government officials involved in the uprising were to be punished, foreign legations were permitted to station troops in Beijing for their defense. China was prohibited from importing arms for two years and agreed to pay more than $330 million in reparations
What did the SRHF want?
In the 1890s, China had given territorial and commercial concessions in Shandong province to several European nations and the Boxers blamed their poor standard of living on foreigners who were colonizing their country
How did the rebellion effect the Qing dynasty?
It was weakened, following an uprising in 1911, the dynasty came to an end and China became a republic in 1912
What did the the Empress Dowager do after do after the Boxer attack on June 20, 1900?
She declared a war on all foreign nations with diplomatic ties in China
What conflicts had China participated in an effort to resist foreign rule?
Opium Wars, Sino-Japanese War
Who was the "Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists"?
Rebels who performed calisthenics rituals and martial arts that they believed would give them the ability to withstand bullets and other forms of attack
What happened in 1900 in relation to the Boxer Rebellion?
The Boxer movement spread to the Beijing area where the Boxers killed Chinese Christians and Christian missionaries and destroyed churches, railroad stations
Why were the SRHF also referred to as "Boxers"?
The rituals they performed were referred to as shadow boxing to the westerners
What had China been forced to accept by the end of the 19th century?
Western powers and Japan had forced China's ruling Qing dynasty to foreign control over the country's economic affairs
