Brain and Cranial Nerves

Which of the following describes a function of cerebrospinal fluid? 1. Maintain optimum ionic environment 2. Maintain pH homeostasis 3. Provide circulation for exchange of nutrients/wastes 4. Serve as a shock absorbing fluid system of spinal cord 5. Provide buoyancy of the brain

1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Which of the cranial nerves listed below do not have branches to the tongue? 1. Mandibular 2. Facial 3. Glossopharyngeal 4. Accessory 5. Hypoglossal 6. Vestibulocochlear

4 and 6

Anosmia may result from head injuries in which the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone is fractured. This condition results in impaired function of which cranial nerve in the diagram?

A

Which type of brain wave occurs at regular intervals when a person is awake but not when a person is sleeping?

Alpha waves

A common type of disabling senile dementia that results in progressive loss of intellectual ability, is called

Alzheimer disease.

A boy has been reported to lack fear and not show any stress in dangerous situations. These symptoms suggest issues with which area of the brain?

Amygdala

Cerebrospinal fluid passes through what structure in the midbrain as it moves from the third to the fourth ventricle?

Aqueduct of the midbrain

What are the fingerlike projections extending into the dural venous sinuses that reabsorb cerebrospinal fluid into the blood?

Arachnoid villi

In this diagram injury to which area would affect sensory impulses reaching the cerebral cortex?

B

Which of the following brain structures consists of the medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain?

Brain stem

Which of the following bodily functions are governed by nuclei in the brain stem?

Breathing Balance Subconscious motor activities Eye movement All of these

Frontal lobe damage left an individual unable to speak. What area was specifically damaged?

Broca's area

Which functional area of the cerebrum is responsible for the ability to form words?

Broca's area

Which cranial nerve in the diagram has a somatic motor function primarily involved in moving the upper eyelid and eyeball and an autonomic function involved in iris muscle contraction?

C

Most cerebrospinal fluid is produced by _______ located in the walls of the ventricles of the brain.

Choroid plexuses

Which of the following conducts nerve impulses between the two different hemispheres of the cerebrum?

Commissural tracts

Which of the following statements concerning cerebral white matter is incorrect?

Commissural tracts conduct impulses from gyri in one cerebral hemisphere to sulci in the other hemisphere.

The periosteal and meningeal layer are part of the

Cranial dura mater

Which of the labeled structures in the diagram contains centers that control heart rate and blood pressure?

D

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

Damage to the olfactory nerve can result in anopia.

Which of the following brain structures consists of the thalamus, hypothalamus and epithalamus?

Diencephalon

The periosteal and meningeal layer of the duramater surrounding the brain enclose the _______.

Dural venous sinuses

In this diagram which major portion of the brain is used to monitor movements initiated by the motor areas of the cerebrum?

E

The maxillary branch of which cranial nerve in the diagram would be anesthetized by dentists for upper jaw work?

E

Damage to which cranial nerve in the diagram will cause the inability of an eyeball to move laterally beyond the midpoint?

F

Which portion of the cerebellum contributes to equilibrium and balance?

Flocculonodular lobe

Blockage of cerebrospinal fluid within the aqueduct of midbrain would result in the swelling of all ventricular spaces EXCEPT the

Fourth ventricle

Left side face paralysis could result from damage to which nerve in the diagram?

G

During a firework celebration, a firework exploded next to a technician's ear, resulting in hearing loss. What nerve was damaged?

H

Eating disorders may lead to extreme thirst and temperature variations. These symptoms may describe a dysfunction in the

Hypothalamus

Spinocerebellar tract axons carry sensory information into the cerebellum by the

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

A lesion on which structure would affect the acoustic "startle reflex" ?

Inferior colliculus

An electroencephalogram would be useful in diagnosing all of the following except.

Intestinal blockage

Which cranial nerve in the diagram is involved with speech and swallowing and has a purely motor function?

K

Which portion of the ventricular system is located in the cerebral hemisphere?

Lateral ventricle

Circumventricular organs...

Lie in the wall of the third ventricle Lack a blood brain barrier Coordinate homeostatic activities All of these

The functions of the reticular formation include help in:

Maintenance of consciousness Maintenance of attention and alertness Prevention of sensory overload Regulation of muscle tone All of these are functions.

Which is the largest branch of the trigeminal nerve?

Mandibular

In what portion of the brain does they hypoglossal nucleus originate?

Medulla oblongata

Which cranial nerve is a special sensory nerve?

Olfactory (I) Optic (II) Vestibulocochlear (VIII) all choices are correct

An individual cannot feel tactile sensation on the right side of the face. A lesion could be in which brain stem region?

Pons

Which region of the brain contains the pontine respiratory group that help control breathing?

Pons

Which functional area of the cerebrum is responsible for perception of touch, coldness and warmth?

Primary somatosensory area

The left cerebellar hemisphere receives information from the ____ cerebral hemisphere. This type of input is considered ______.

Right; contralateral

Which sequence below is the correct pathway of nerve impulses through the retina?

Rods and cones, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, optic nerve

Functions of the epithalamus include:

Secretion of melatonin which aids in promoting sleepiness. Involvement in emotional responses to odor

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

Sensory areas are located in the anterior half of each cerebral hemispheres.

A patient with Wernicke's aphasia would exhibit what issues upon examination?

Slow, non-fluent speech devoid of meaning

A child riding a bike falls and hits their head. The child was not wearing a helmet. In the emergency room, cerebrospinal fluid taken during a spinal tap reveals blood. The doctors diagnosed the child had torn cerebral veins as they pass to the superior sagittal sinus. What area of the body was the fluid taken?

Subarachnoid space

Which region of the brain is separated by the third ventricle and projects most sensory information to the cerebral cortex from the spinal cord and brain stem?

Thalamus

Which of these statements is incorrect?

The basal nuclei receive input from the cerebral cortex and send output to motor parts of the cortex. The basal nuclei regulate initiation and termination of movements. The globus pallidus regulates muscle tone. The basal nuclei help to initiate and terminate cognitive process such as memory and help to regulate emotional behaviors. All of these statements are correct.

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

The insula lies within the postcentral gyrus.

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

The middle cerebellar peduncles carry impulses for involuntary movements from the pontine nuclei into the cerebellum

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

The prosencephalon develops into the cerebrum, the thalamus, hypothalamus and epithalamus The mesencephalon develops into the midbrain. The rhombencephalon develops into the pons, cerebellum and medulla oblongata. All of these statements are correct.

Which of the following statements best describes the structure of the blood-brain barrier that provides its functional characteristics?

Tight junctions tightly seal endothelial cells of capillaries in the brain.

Olfactory epithelium is located in/on ________.

Upper part of nasal cavity covering the cribriform plate inferior surface.

Which cranial nerve is associated with nuclei in both the medulla oblongata and pons?

VIII

Damage to which cranial nerve may result in death?

Vagus

Damaging which cranial nerve could decrease gastrointestinal secretions?

Vagus

An infant has hydrocephalus. The CSF could not get out of the third ventricle. What passage was blocked?

aqueduct of midbrain

Which are areas of gray matter found in each cerebral hemisphere that are important in helping to control the initiation and termination of skeletal muscle movements?

basal nuclei

Brain waves that generally appear during periods of sensory input and mental activity are called

beta waves.

Infections may spread from the nasal cavity to the meninges along olfactory nerves. These fibers travel from the mucosa of the nasal cavity to the olfactory bulb through the

cribiform plate.

Brain waves that appear during deep sleep are called

delta waves.

The brain and spinal cord develop from the _____ neural tube.

ectodermal

Facial movement is primarily controlled by ____ nerve, while sensation from the face is primarily determined by ____ nerve.

facial; trigeminal

The central sulcus of the cerebrum separates the _____, and the lateral fissure separates the _____.

frontal lobe from the parietal lobe; temporal lobe from frontal lobe

Folia are to _____ , as arbor vitae are to _____.

gyri; tracts

Hand preference when writing or throwing is an example of

hemispheric lateralization.

Damage to which portion of the limbic system results in loss of memory of recent events and difficulty committing anything new to memory?

hippocampus

Which lobe of the cerebrum is found deep to the other four lobes and thus cannot be observed from the surface?

insula

Blood flows to the brain through the _____ arteries and away from the brain through the _____ veins.

internal carotid and vertebral; internal jugular

Damage to this nucleus would affect input from the limbic system, superior colliculi and cerebral cortex affecting the ability to express emotions.

lateral dorsal nucleus

A stroke patient has a lesion on their trigeminal ophthalmic branch. Which symptom would the patient exhibit?

loss of pain, temperature and touch sesnsation

An electroencephalogram (EEG) measures brain waves primarily generated by

neurons in the cerebral cortex.

Which cranial nerves control movements of the eyeball?

oculomotor (III) nerve, trochlear (IV) nerve, and abducens (VI) nerve

A patient shows no effect when a light shines in the right eye, but shining a light into the left eye causes both pupils (right and left) to constrict. This could be caused by a lesion on the ______ nerve.

optic

A baseball player is hit by a line drive on the temporal area of his skull. At the hospital the doctors give a CT scan which shows an accumulation of blood between the dura mater and arachnoid mater, creating pressure on the cerebrum. The hemorrhage from the fracture would be located in which space?

subdural space

During brain development, the gyri of the cerebrum are formed because

the gray matter grows faster than the underlying white matter.

All of the cranial nerves listed exit the cranium by bony openings in front of the petrous portion.

trigeminal