Breeds

ACUTE MOIST DERMATITIS

(Hot spots) warm, painful, swollen, lesions in the skin that release pus and have a very distinctive odor

VOMERONASAL ORGAN

(also known as "Jacobson organ") Located above the roof of the mouth just behind the upper incisors; specializes in the reception of pheromones

Dog cardiovascular problems

-Patent ductus arteriosus - involves a shunt between the pulmonary artery & aorta that doesn't close at birth -Stenosis -Cardiomyopathy - involves varying degrees of heart failure due to abnormal heart muscle

Differences between dogs and wolves

1. Dog has a smaller jaw w/ fewer teeth 2. Wolves are not brachycephalic or dolicocephalic 3. Wolves have 1 estrous cycle per year; dogs have 2 4. Male dogs are fertile year round but wolves produce sperm seasonally 5. Wolves don't reach puberty until 2 yrs of age; dogs reach it at 6 to 12 months 6. Wolf pups develop locomoter skills faster than dogs 7. Barking is a behavior of domestication; wolves don't bark

Factors that contributed to the numerous breeds of dogs?

1. Domestication 2. Desire of particular traits

Physical differences between dog breeds

1. Head Shape 2. Leg length 3. Tail Style

Factors to consider when advising a client on their dog purchase

1. Lifestyle 2. Finances 3. Dwelling 4. Children 5. Time available 6. Purpose 7. Climate

Bichon Frise

10-15 lbs

Parson Jack Russell Terrier

10-15 lbs

Shih Tzu

10-15 lbs

Great Dane

100-130 lbs

Saint Bernard

110-120 lbs

Bullmastiff

110-130 lbs

Lhasa Apso

12-15 lbs

Schipperke

12-16 lbs

Newfoundland

120-150 lbs

Manchester Terrier

13-15 lbs

Cairn Terrier

14-15 lbs

Poodle (miniature)

15-18 lbs

Pug

15-18 lbs

Dachshund

15-20 lbs

Shetland Sheepdog

15-20 lbs

West Highland White Terrier

15-20 lbs

Bedlington Terrier

15-25 lbs

Boston Terrier

15-25 lbs

French Bulldog

15-25 lbs

Mastiff

175-190 lbs

Fox Terrier (Smooth)

18-20 lbs

Fox Terrier (Wire)

18-20 lbs

Chihuahua

2-6 lbs

Basenji

20-25 lbs

Beagle

20-25 lbs

Scottish Terrier

20-25 lbs

Whippet

20-30 lbs

Welsh Corgi, Cardigan

25-30 lbs

Welsh Corgi, Pembroke

25-30 lbs

Staffordshire Bull Terrier

25-35 lbs

Standard Schnauzer

30-35 lbs

Australian Cattle Dog

30-40 lbs

Brittany Spaniel

35-40 lbs

Keeshond

35-40 lbs

Kerry Blue Terrier

35-40 lbs

American Staffordshire Terrier

35-45 lbs

Border Collie

35-45 lbs

English Springer Spaniel

35-50 lbs

Siberian Husky

35-50 lbs

Airedale Terrier

40-45 lbs

Basset

40-45 lbs

Norwegian Elkhound

40-45 lbs

English Bulldog

40-55 lbs

Saluki

40-65 lbs

Irish Setter

45-50 lbs

Poodle (standard)

45-50 lbs

Chinese Shar-pei

45-55 lbs

Pointer

45-60 lbs

Pomeranian

5-7 lbs

Toy Poodle

5-7 lbs

Yorkshire Terrier

5-7 lbs

Dalmation

50-55 lbs

Samoyed

50-60 lbs

Vizsla

50-60 lbs

Afghan

50-65 lbs

Plott hound

50-65 lbs

Chow Chow

50-70 lbs

Collie

50-70 lbs

German Shorthaired Pointer

50-70 lbs

Black and Tan Coonhound

50-75 lbs

Bull Terrier

55-65 lbs

Boxer

55-70 lbs

Chesapeake Bay Retriever

55-70 lbs

Gordon Setter

55-75 lbs

Labrador Retriever

55-75 lbs

Maltese

6-10 lbs

Manchester Terrier (Toy)

6-8 lbs

Bearded Collie

60-65 lbs

Belgian Tervuren

60-65 lbs

English Setter

60-70 lbs

Foxhound (American)

60-70 lbs

German Wirehaired Pointer

60-70 lbs

Golden Retriever

60-70 lbs

Greyhound

60-70 lbs

Old English Sheepdog

60-70 lbs

Rhodesian Ridgeback

65-75 lbs

Doberman Pinscher

65-90 lbs

Giant Schnauzer

70-75 lbs

Weimaraner

70-75 lbs

Borzoi

75-100 lbs

Alaskan Malamute

75-80 lbs

German Shepherd

75-85 lbs

Akita

75-90 lbs

Miniature Pinscher

8-10 lbs

Pekingnese

8-10 lbs

Bloodhound

85-105 lbs

Silky Terrier

9-11 lbs

Irish Wolfhound

90-120 lbs

Great Pyrenees

90-125 lbs

Rottweiler

95-110 lbs

ANEMIA

A condition in which the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells

OSTEOCHONDROSIS

Abnormal cartilage development in growing bones Areas affected: elbow or shoulder

Breeds that originated in U.S.

Alaskan Malamute, American Foxhound, American Staffordshire Terrier, Black & Tan Coonhound, Boston Terrier, Chesapeake Bay Retriever, Plotthound

MESOCEPHALIC

All other nose types Ex: Chihuahua, spaniels, retrievers

Why does gastric necrosis occur in GDV?

Because when torsion occurs as the dog bloats, the blood supply is restricted

Common allergens

Beef, Dairy products, pork, cereal grains, chicken, eggs, fish

Defects in neonatal period?

Canine distemper, Canine hepatitis, Leptospirosis, Congenital hydrocephalus, Congenital cleft palate

Breeds that originated in England

Cardigan Welsh Corgi, Labrador Retriever, English Setter, Staffordshire Bull Terrier

Smallest breed of dog?

Chihuahua; the 2nd is Yorkshire Terrier

EAR FLAP HEMATOMA

Collection of blood in ear flap

LIPIDS

Concentrated source of energy as well as to provide for insulation and adds palatability to the food

PRURITIS

Constant itching

Why should some foods be avoided in a dog's diet?

Could be lactose intolerant; chocolate contains theobromine; & onions cause hemolytic anemia

UROLITHS

Crystalline stones that form in the urinary tract Occurs when minerals in the urine are present and influenced by urinary pH and water intake

CANINE HIP DYSPLASIA

Developmental disorder characterized by laxity of the coxofermoral joint which results in joint instability and degeneration; Most common disorder Biggest contributor = overeating &/or supplementing puppies in the growth stage

Purpose of sniffing?

Disrupts the normal flow of air, allows molecules to remain in the nasal passages for a longer period of time

Why recognize body language & posture?

Dogs do not speak our language but they give us clues as to their intentions. Signals must be recognized in order to stay safe

Types of commercial dog food

Dry, Semimoist, canned, snacks & treats

Factors that contribute to puppy morality

Dystocia, excessive licking, cannibalism, neglect, lack of milk, & eclampsia

Describe a dog's sense of touch

Earliest sense developed, very important in social species, vibrissae (whiskers) are attached to sensory neurons

What affects water intake?

Exercise, Weather, & Lactation

Frightened dog

Fearful aggression = stand somewhat sideways, head & tail lowered, wide eyed, no piloerection Complete submission = submissive posture with abdomen exposed, urinates

When do most puppy deaths occur?

First 18 days

Aggressive dog

Forward ears, stand squarely, head high, tail high, piloerection, may bear teeth or growl

Breeds that originated in Germany

German Shepherd, Doberman Pinscher, Giant Schnauzer, Boxer

Breeds that originated in Scotland

Gordon Setter, Scottish Terrier, Cairn Terrier, Sky Terrier

Difference between guard dog and watch dog

Guard dog = aggressive & defensive Watch dog = warns but only barks

Dog's general physiological data

HR = 70 to 120 b/m Respiratory Rate = 12 to 28 r/m Temp = 101.5 Life Span = 9 to 20 years

COCKER EAR

Heavy ears cause ear canal to be wet and cannot dry out which causes bacterial growth causes infection; can lead to deafness

Describe the hearing of dogs

Highly developed, can hear higher frequencies than humans, & can move ears to channel sound waves

Earlier uses of dogs?

Hunting, herding, sport, war, & arena fighting; small dogs = companions

FLEA ALLERGY DERMATITIS

Hypersensitive response to the chemicals secreted by fleas that attach to the skin of the dog; reaction causes pruritis, lesions, alopecia, and thickening of the skin

Factors that contribute to a dog's obesity

Improper nutrition, type of diet, hypothyroidism, breed & individual temperament

Where did domestic dogs descend from?

Miacidae, then Hesperocyon (western dog)

FOOD ALLERGY HYPERSENSITIVITY

Most exhibit dermatological signs, some have gastrointestinal problems = German Shepherds, Retrievers, Dalmations, Cocker Spaniels, Collies

MICROFILARIA

Motile young produced by adult heartworms that circulate in the bloodstream and are ingested by the mosquito

VITAMINS

Necessary for metabolism - A, D, E, K, C, B complex

MINERALS

Necessary for metabolism - Ca, P, Na, Cl, K, Fe, Cu, Mg

Dog's developmental stages

Neonatal period = birth to 2 weeks Transitional period = 2 - 3 weeks Socialization period = 3 - 8 weeks Juvenile period = 8 weeks to 4 or 5 months Adult period = 6 months and beyond

Dog years vs. Human years

Not accurate to multiply by seven, most dogs are considered geriatric by 7-15 years and can give birth at 6 months or older

Describe a dog's sense of taste

Not very important, most abundant taste buds detect sugar

DENTAL FORMULA

Number of teeth on one side of the upper or lower jaw (4 quadrants divided in half)

Most common nutritional problem in dogs?

Obesity 2nd= anorexia 3rd= ingestion of vegetation

COLLIE EYE ANOMALY

Occurs in Collies and Shetland Sheepdogs; slight vision problems to total blindness

Why not overfeed a gestating bitch?

Overweight females tend to have dystocia more than normal weight females

How is gastroplexy beneficial in GDV?

Prevents reoccurance

Describe dog's sense of smell

Primary sense in dogs because odor plays a major role in the behavior of dogs

CROSSBRED

Progeny of 2 purebreds of different breeds

MONGREL

Progeny of crossbreds or unknown heritage

PUREBRED

Progeny of the same

PROTEINS

Provide structure to the body

Reproductive information

Puberty = 6 to 12 months Breeding = spring, fall Estrous cycle = seasonally monstrous Gestation period = 63 days Litter size = 2 to 12 whelps Weaning age = 6 to 8 weeks

Describe the body form of dogs

Quadraped with a skeleton like humans (except a collarbone); built for speed & endurance, and digitigrade w/ 4 toes per foot plus a dewclaw

What is Plott hound's history?

State dog of N.C. Developed by Jonathan Plott, a German emigrant who settled in N.C. ; it became popular amongst hunters in App., Blue Ridge, & Great Smokies

Dogs main weapon of defense?

Teeth

DECIDUOUS TEETH

Teeth begin to erupt around 21 days and there is a total of 28 by 6 weeks of age (baby teeth)

PERMANENT TEETH

Teeth begin to replace the deciduous teeth around 4 months of age and total 42 teeth by 6 to 7 months of age (adult teeth)

CARNASSIAL TEETH

Teeth that allow for tearing and shearing of food

Why wean during 7 to 8 weeks?

To provide nutrition, shelter, and affection

What is the function of the third eyelid?

To provide protection, contribute to tear secretion, and helps to restore the tear film over the eye

What is the dental formula of dogs?

Upper = 3 incisors, 1 canine, 4 premolars, 2 molars (Total - 20) Lower = 3 molars, 3 incisors, 4 premolars, 1 canine (Total - 22)

DHL-PP

Vaccine for: (D)distemper, (H)hepatitis, (L) leptospirosis, (P)parainfluenza and (P)parvovirus

Describe a dog's eyesight

Visualize masses rather than fine detail, virtually colorblind, excellent night vision

Most important nutrient?

Water

Are dogs more closely related to wolves, foxes, or jackals?

Wolf

RINGWORM

Zoonotic; caused by a fungus; produces round lesions in the epidermis and local alopecia; fungus is spread by direct contact

Papillon

~10 lbs

Miniature Schnauzer

~15 lbs

Skye Terrier

~25 lbs

English Cocker Spaniel

~30 lbs

Cocker Spaniel (American)

~35 lbs

Bernese Mountain Dog

~90 lbs

Viral infections of dogs

- Canine distemper - - Rabies = Zoonotic - Infectious canine hepatitis - - Tracheobronchitis - - Canine Parvovirus - - Canine Coronavirus -

External parasites common to dogs & treatment

- Fleas - Advantage & Frontline - Ticks - vaccine - Mites - Mitabon & Tresaderm

Internal parasites common to dogs & treatment

- Heartworms - kill adults, eliminate microfilaria, & prevent reoccurance - Ascarids - Panacur - Hookworms - Fenbendazole or Mebendazole - Whipworms - Fenbendazole - Tapeworms - Droncit - Coccidia - Albon - Giardia - Flagyl

Bacterial infections in dogs

- Leptospirosis = Zoonotic - Tetanus - - Lyme Disease = Metazoonotic - Ringworm =Zoonotic

Groups of dogs recognized by the AKC

1. Sporting dogs 2. Hounds 3. Working dogs 4. Terriers 5. Toys 6. Herding dogs 7. Non-sporting dogs

Tallest breed of dog?

Irish Wolfhound; others = Great Dane, St. Bernard, Borzoi

Taxonomy of dogs

Kingdom = Animalia Phylum = Chordata Class = Mammalia Order = Carnivora Family = Canidae Genus = Canis Species = Canis familiares

Most popular dog breeds in the US today

Labrador Retriever, German Shepherd, Beagle, Golden Retriever, Yorkshire Terrier, Rottweiler, Boxer, English Bulldog, Poodle, Dachshund

TAPETUM LUCIDUM

Layer of reflective cells located behind the retina that serves to scatter light back onto the photoreceptive cells ("red eyes")

DOLICHOCEPHALIC

Long nose dogs (narrow skull bones) Ex: borzoi, collie, Doberman, greyhound

CARBOHYDRATES

Main energy containing nutrient for dogs in order to be utilized by body cells

Oldest breed of dog?

Saluki

Common behavioral problems of dogs

Seeking attention, destruction, barking/howling, roaming, digging, rolling in scents, licking, plant chewing/eating, pica and stone chewing

What's the most common mistake in selecting a dog?

Selection was made in thoughtlessness

BRACHYCEPHALIC

Snub-nose dogs (broad head base) Ex: bulldog, boxer, pug, pikegnese

Shy dog

crouch/ lie down, ears & head lowered, tail tucked, may expose abdomen