Breeds
ACUTE MOIST DERMATITIS
(Hot spots) warm, painful, swollen, lesions in the skin that release pus and have a very distinctive odor
VOMERONASAL ORGAN
(also known as "Jacobson organ") Located above the roof of the mouth just behind the upper incisors; specializes in the reception of pheromones
Dog cardiovascular problems
-Patent ductus arteriosus - involves a shunt between the pulmonary artery & aorta that doesn't close at birth -Stenosis -Cardiomyopathy - involves varying degrees of heart failure due to abnormal heart muscle
Differences between dogs and wolves
1. Dog has a smaller jaw w/ fewer teeth 2. Wolves are not brachycephalic or dolicocephalic 3. Wolves have 1 estrous cycle per year; dogs have 2 4. Male dogs are fertile year round but wolves produce sperm seasonally 5. Wolves don't reach puberty until 2 yrs of age; dogs reach it at 6 to 12 months 6. Wolf pups develop locomoter skills faster than dogs 7. Barking is a behavior of domestication; wolves don't bark
Factors that contributed to the numerous breeds of dogs?
1. Domestication 2. Desire of particular traits
Physical differences between dog breeds
1. Head Shape 2. Leg length 3. Tail Style
Factors to consider when advising a client on their dog purchase
1. Lifestyle 2. Finances 3. Dwelling 4. Children 5. Time available 6. Purpose 7. Climate
Bichon Frise
10-15 lbs
Parson Jack Russell Terrier
10-15 lbs
Shih Tzu
10-15 lbs
Great Dane
100-130 lbs
Saint Bernard
110-120 lbs
Bullmastiff
110-130 lbs
Lhasa Apso
12-15 lbs
Schipperke
12-16 lbs
Newfoundland
120-150 lbs
Manchester Terrier
13-15 lbs
Cairn Terrier
14-15 lbs
Poodle (miniature)
15-18 lbs
Pug
15-18 lbs
Dachshund
15-20 lbs
Shetland Sheepdog
15-20 lbs
West Highland White Terrier
15-20 lbs
Bedlington Terrier
15-25 lbs
Boston Terrier
15-25 lbs
French Bulldog
15-25 lbs
Mastiff
175-190 lbs
Fox Terrier (Smooth)
18-20 lbs
Fox Terrier (Wire)
18-20 lbs
Chihuahua
2-6 lbs
Basenji
20-25 lbs
Beagle
20-25 lbs
Scottish Terrier
20-25 lbs
Whippet
20-30 lbs
Welsh Corgi, Cardigan
25-30 lbs
Welsh Corgi, Pembroke
25-30 lbs
Staffordshire Bull Terrier
25-35 lbs
Standard Schnauzer
30-35 lbs
Australian Cattle Dog
30-40 lbs
Brittany Spaniel
35-40 lbs
Keeshond
35-40 lbs
Kerry Blue Terrier
35-40 lbs
American Staffordshire Terrier
35-45 lbs
Border Collie
35-45 lbs
English Springer Spaniel
35-50 lbs
Siberian Husky
35-50 lbs
Airedale Terrier
40-45 lbs
Basset
40-45 lbs
Norwegian Elkhound
40-45 lbs
English Bulldog
40-55 lbs
Saluki
40-65 lbs
Irish Setter
45-50 lbs
Poodle (standard)
45-50 lbs
Chinese Shar-pei
45-55 lbs
Pointer
45-60 lbs
Pomeranian
5-7 lbs
Toy Poodle
5-7 lbs
Yorkshire Terrier
5-7 lbs
Dalmation
50-55 lbs
Samoyed
50-60 lbs
Vizsla
50-60 lbs
Afghan
50-65 lbs
Plott hound
50-65 lbs
Chow Chow
50-70 lbs
Collie
50-70 lbs
German Shorthaired Pointer
50-70 lbs
Black and Tan Coonhound
50-75 lbs
Bull Terrier
55-65 lbs
Boxer
55-70 lbs
Chesapeake Bay Retriever
55-70 lbs
Gordon Setter
55-75 lbs
Labrador Retriever
55-75 lbs
Maltese
6-10 lbs
Manchester Terrier (Toy)
6-8 lbs
Bearded Collie
60-65 lbs
Belgian Tervuren
60-65 lbs
English Setter
60-70 lbs
Foxhound (American)
60-70 lbs
German Wirehaired Pointer
60-70 lbs
Golden Retriever
60-70 lbs
Greyhound
60-70 lbs
Old English Sheepdog
60-70 lbs
Rhodesian Ridgeback
65-75 lbs
Doberman Pinscher
65-90 lbs
Giant Schnauzer
70-75 lbs
Weimaraner
70-75 lbs
Borzoi
75-100 lbs
Alaskan Malamute
75-80 lbs
German Shepherd
75-85 lbs
Akita
75-90 lbs
Miniature Pinscher
8-10 lbs
Pekingnese
8-10 lbs
Bloodhound
85-105 lbs
Silky Terrier
9-11 lbs
Irish Wolfhound
90-120 lbs
Great Pyrenees
90-125 lbs
Rottweiler
95-110 lbs
ANEMIA
A condition in which the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells
OSTEOCHONDROSIS
Abnormal cartilage development in growing bones Areas affected: elbow or shoulder
Breeds that originated in U.S.
Alaskan Malamute, American Foxhound, American Staffordshire Terrier, Black & Tan Coonhound, Boston Terrier, Chesapeake Bay Retriever, Plotthound
MESOCEPHALIC
All other nose types Ex: Chihuahua, spaniels, retrievers
Why does gastric necrosis occur in GDV?
Because when torsion occurs as the dog bloats, the blood supply is restricted
Common allergens
Beef, Dairy products, pork, cereal grains, chicken, eggs, fish
Defects in neonatal period?
Canine distemper, Canine hepatitis, Leptospirosis, Congenital hydrocephalus, Congenital cleft palate
Breeds that originated in England
Cardigan Welsh Corgi, Labrador Retriever, English Setter, Staffordshire Bull Terrier
Smallest breed of dog?
Chihuahua; the 2nd is Yorkshire Terrier
EAR FLAP HEMATOMA
Collection of blood in ear flap
LIPIDS
Concentrated source of energy as well as to provide for insulation and adds palatability to the food
PRURITIS
Constant itching
Why should some foods be avoided in a dog's diet?
Could be lactose intolerant; chocolate contains theobromine; & onions cause hemolytic anemia
UROLITHS
Crystalline stones that form in the urinary tract Occurs when minerals in the urine are present and influenced by urinary pH and water intake
CANINE HIP DYSPLASIA
Developmental disorder characterized by laxity of the coxofermoral joint which results in joint instability and degeneration; Most common disorder Biggest contributor = overeating &/or supplementing puppies in the growth stage
Purpose of sniffing?
Disrupts the normal flow of air, allows molecules to remain in the nasal passages for a longer period of time
Why recognize body language & posture?
Dogs do not speak our language but they give us clues as to their intentions. Signals must be recognized in order to stay safe
Types of commercial dog food
Dry, Semimoist, canned, snacks & treats
Factors that contribute to puppy morality
Dystocia, excessive licking, cannibalism, neglect, lack of milk, & eclampsia
Describe a dog's sense of touch
Earliest sense developed, very important in social species, vibrissae (whiskers) are attached to sensory neurons
What affects water intake?
Exercise, Weather, & Lactation
Frightened dog
Fearful aggression = stand somewhat sideways, head & tail lowered, wide eyed, no piloerection Complete submission = submissive posture with abdomen exposed, urinates
When do most puppy deaths occur?
First 18 days
Aggressive dog
Forward ears, stand squarely, head high, tail high, piloerection, may bear teeth or growl
Breeds that originated in Germany
German Shepherd, Doberman Pinscher, Giant Schnauzer, Boxer
Breeds that originated in Scotland
Gordon Setter, Scottish Terrier, Cairn Terrier, Sky Terrier
Difference between guard dog and watch dog
Guard dog = aggressive & defensive Watch dog = warns but only barks
Dog's general physiological data
HR = 70 to 120 b/m Respiratory Rate = 12 to 28 r/m Temp = 101.5 Life Span = 9 to 20 years
COCKER EAR
Heavy ears cause ear canal to be wet and cannot dry out which causes bacterial growth causes infection; can lead to deafness
Describe the hearing of dogs
Highly developed, can hear higher frequencies than humans, & can move ears to channel sound waves
Earlier uses of dogs?
Hunting, herding, sport, war, & arena fighting; small dogs = companions
FLEA ALLERGY DERMATITIS
Hypersensitive response to the chemicals secreted by fleas that attach to the skin of the dog; reaction causes pruritis, lesions, alopecia, and thickening of the skin
Factors that contribute to a dog's obesity
Improper nutrition, type of diet, hypothyroidism, breed & individual temperament
Where did domestic dogs descend from?
Miacidae, then Hesperocyon (western dog)
FOOD ALLERGY HYPERSENSITIVITY
Most exhibit dermatological signs, some have gastrointestinal problems = German Shepherds, Retrievers, Dalmations, Cocker Spaniels, Collies
MICROFILARIA
Motile young produced by adult heartworms that circulate in the bloodstream and are ingested by the mosquito
VITAMINS
Necessary for metabolism - A, D, E, K, C, B complex
MINERALS
Necessary for metabolism - Ca, P, Na, Cl, K, Fe, Cu, Mg
Dog's developmental stages
Neonatal period = birth to 2 weeks Transitional period = 2 - 3 weeks Socialization period = 3 - 8 weeks Juvenile period = 8 weeks to 4 or 5 months Adult period = 6 months and beyond
Dog years vs. Human years
Not accurate to multiply by seven, most dogs are considered geriatric by 7-15 years and can give birth at 6 months or older
Describe a dog's sense of taste
Not very important, most abundant taste buds detect sugar
DENTAL FORMULA
Number of teeth on one side of the upper or lower jaw (4 quadrants divided in half)
Most common nutritional problem in dogs?
Obesity 2nd= anorexia 3rd= ingestion of vegetation
COLLIE EYE ANOMALY
Occurs in Collies and Shetland Sheepdogs; slight vision problems to total blindness
Why not overfeed a gestating bitch?
Overweight females tend to have dystocia more than normal weight females
How is gastroplexy beneficial in GDV?
Prevents reoccurance
Describe dog's sense of smell
Primary sense in dogs because odor plays a major role in the behavior of dogs
CROSSBRED
Progeny of 2 purebreds of different breeds
MONGREL
Progeny of crossbreds or unknown heritage
PUREBRED
Progeny of the same
PROTEINS
Provide structure to the body
Reproductive information
Puberty = 6 to 12 months Breeding = spring, fall Estrous cycle = seasonally monstrous Gestation period = 63 days Litter size = 2 to 12 whelps Weaning age = 6 to 8 weeks
Describe the body form of dogs
Quadraped with a skeleton like humans (except a collarbone); built for speed & endurance, and digitigrade w/ 4 toes per foot plus a dewclaw
What is Plott hound's history?
State dog of N.C. Developed by Jonathan Plott, a German emigrant who settled in N.C. ; it became popular amongst hunters in App., Blue Ridge, & Great Smokies
Dogs main weapon of defense?
Teeth
DECIDUOUS TEETH
Teeth begin to erupt around 21 days and there is a total of 28 by 6 weeks of age (baby teeth)
PERMANENT TEETH
Teeth begin to replace the deciduous teeth around 4 months of age and total 42 teeth by 6 to 7 months of age (adult teeth)
CARNASSIAL TEETH
Teeth that allow for tearing and shearing of food
Why wean during 7 to 8 weeks?
To provide nutrition, shelter, and affection
What is the function of the third eyelid?
To provide protection, contribute to tear secretion, and helps to restore the tear film over the eye
What is the dental formula of dogs?
Upper = 3 incisors, 1 canine, 4 premolars, 2 molars (Total - 20) Lower = 3 molars, 3 incisors, 4 premolars, 1 canine (Total - 22)
DHL-PP
Vaccine for: (D)distemper, (H)hepatitis, (L) leptospirosis, (P)parainfluenza and (P)parvovirus
Describe a dog's eyesight
Visualize masses rather than fine detail, virtually colorblind, excellent night vision
Most important nutrient?
Water
Are dogs more closely related to wolves, foxes, or jackals?
Wolf
RINGWORM
Zoonotic; caused by a fungus; produces round lesions in the epidermis and local alopecia; fungus is spread by direct contact
Papillon
~10 lbs
Miniature Schnauzer
~15 lbs
Skye Terrier
~25 lbs
English Cocker Spaniel
~30 lbs
Cocker Spaniel (American)
~35 lbs
Bernese Mountain Dog
~90 lbs
Viral infections of dogs
- Canine distemper - - Rabies = Zoonotic - Infectious canine hepatitis - - Tracheobronchitis - - Canine Parvovirus - - Canine Coronavirus -
External parasites common to dogs & treatment
- Fleas - Advantage & Frontline - Ticks - vaccine - Mites - Mitabon & Tresaderm
Internal parasites common to dogs & treatment
- Heartworms - kill adults, eliminate microfilaria, & prevent reoccurance - Ascarids - Panacur - Hookworms - Fenbendazole or Mebendazole - Whipworms - Fenbendazole - Tapeworms - Droncit - Coccidia - Albon - Giardia - Flagyl
Bacterial infections in dogs
- Leptospirosis = Zoonotic - Tetanus - - Lyme Disease = Metazoonotic - Ringworm =Zoonotic
Groups of dogs recognized by the AKC
1. Sporting dogs 2. Hounds 3. Working dogs 4. Terriers 5. Toys 6. Herding dogs 7. Non-sporting dogs
Tallest breed of dog?
Irish Wolfhound; others = Great Dane, St. Bernard, Borzoi
Taxonomy of dogs
Kingdom = Animalia Phylum = Chordata Class = Mammalia Order = Carnivora Family = Canidae Genus = Canis Species = Canis familiares
Most popular dog breeds in the US today
Labrador Retriever, German Shepherd, Beagle, Golden Retriever, Yorkshire Terrier, Rottweiler, Boxer, English Bulldog, Poodle, Dachshund
TAPETUM LUCIDUM
Layer of reflective cells located behind the retina that serves to scatter light back onto the photoreceptive cells ("red eyes")
DOLICHOCEPHALIC
Long nose dogs (narrow skull bones) Ex: borzoi, collie, Doberman, greyhound
CARBOHYDRATES
Main energy containing nutrient for dogs in order to be utilized by body cells
Oldest breed of dog?
Saluki
Common behavioral problems of dogs
Seeking attention, destruction, barking/howling, roaming, digging, rolling in scents, licking, plant chewing/eating, pica and stone chewing
What's the most common mistake in selecting a dog?
Selection was made in thoughtlessness
BRACHYCEPHALIC
Snub-nose dogs (broad head base) Ex: bulldog, boxer, pug, pikegnese
Shy dog
crouch/ lie down, ears & head lowered, tail tucked, may expose abdomen
