Breeds - Sheep & Goats

what is the function of the esophageal groove

*by passes the rumen* to direct milk directly into the omasum and abomasum

which 2 continents are the majority of goats found

1 China 2 India

10 infectious diseases in goats

1 abcess 2 blackleg 3 bloat 4 brucellosis 5 enterotoxemia 6 foot rot 7 mastitis 8 tetanus 9 ringworm

10 infectious diseases in sheep

1 anthrax 2 bloat 3 enterotoxemia 4 foot rot 5 hoof and mouth disease 6 pinkeye 7 rabies 8 ringworm 9 shipping fever 10 tetanus

list and describe 3 methods of castration in goats

1 burdizzo emasculatome- crushes the cord, noninvasive 2 knife method- cut and remove, invasive 3 elastrator- rubber band causes atrophy, noninvasive

8 endoparasites in goats

1 coccidiosis (eimeria caprina, eimeria hirci) 2 hookworms (bunostomum trigonocephalum) 3 liver fluke (fasicola hepatica) 4 goat lungworms (muellerius capillaris) 5 pinworms (skrjabinema ovis) 6 roundworms (haemonchus contorus, trichostronglyus spp) 7 tapeworms (moniezia expansa) 8 whipworms (trichuris ovis)

7 internal parasites in sheep

1 coccidiosis (eimeria spp) 2 hookworms (bunostomum trigonocephalum) 3 liver flukes (fasicola hepatica) 4 pinworms (skjabinema ovis) 5 roundworms (haemonchus contorus, trichostrongyles vitrinus) 6 tapeworms (moniezia spp) 7 whipworms (trichuris ovis)

what are 4 inherited abnormalities of sheep

1 cryporchidism 2 dwarfism 3 entropin 4 wool blindness

list and describe 5 types of domestic goats

1 dairy- milk 2 angora- mohair 3 meat- meat 4 cashmere- soft fibers 5 pygmy- lab ruminant & pet

list and describe 5 neonatal care and management procedures in lamp production

1 dip navel cord in iodine 2 tail docking 3 castration 4 identification 5 weaning

list 5 unfavorable traits of sheep production

1 endoparasites 2 stress 3 consumption of lamb is low 4 highly preyed upon 5 increasing competition with synthetic fibers/materials

5 noninfectious diseases in sheep

1 entropion- eyelid turned inward 2 grass tetany- Mg deficiency in grass 3 ketosis- inadequate energy consumption in final weeks of gestation 4 lambing sickness- milk fever 5 white muscle disease- vitamin E deficiency (muscular dystrophy)

what are the 3 ways sheep breeds are classified

1 ewe breeds (white-faced, wool) 2 ram breeds (meat) 3 dual purpose (either ewe or ram)

5 external parasites in sheep

1 flies (calliphora spp) 2 lice (linognathus pedalis, linognathus ovillus) 3 mites (psoroptes communis ovis, chorioptes ovis) 4 sheep ked (melophagus ovinus) 5 ticks (ixodes ricinus)

4 ectoparasites in goats

1 flies (musca autumnalis, musca domesticus) 2 lice (linognathus stenopsis, damalinis caprae) 3 mites (psoroptes communis ovis, chorioptic ovis) 4 ticks (ixodes ricinus)

4 noninfectious diseases in goats

1 grass tetany- Mg deviod roughages 2 ketosis- incomplete digestion of carbs 3 milk fever- hypocalcemia 4 white muscle disease- vitamin E deficiency

what are the 5 ways sheep breeds are characterized

1 product 2 color of face 3 polled or horned 4 area of origin 5 *wool type*

list and describe 3 types of sheep production

1 range flocks- large area with feed available at all times 2 farm flocks- smaller areas with periodic feeding 3 market lambs- weaned lambs kept in confinement and fed to produce a quality carcass

list 5 favorable traits of sheep production

1 utilization of *arid environments* 2 excellent *scavengers* 3 produce more *product* for less food 4 *dual purpose* (wool and meat) 5 *minimal shelter*

list 4 factors that effect profits in sheep production

1 weaning percentage 2 death loss 3 age at culling 4 production costs

when were goats domesticated

10,000 years ago

what is the world distribution of sheep

1st- Australia 2nd- China

what is the US distribution of sheep

1st- Texas 2nd- California

what was the first & second uses of sheep

1st- wool and milk 2nd- meat

GOAT: age of puberty breeding season type of estrous cycle gestation period litter size weaning age

6-7 mo none seasonally polyestrous 144-152 1-2 kids 8-12 weeks

GOAT: heart rate respiratory rate body temperature life span

60-70 20-22 103 8-10

SHEEP: heart rate respiratory rate body temperature life span

60-70 b/m 20-22 r/m 103 6-11 yrs

SHEEP: age of puberty breeding season type of estrous cycle gestation period litter size weaning age

7-8 mos fall or spring lambing seasonally polyestrous 144-152 days 1-3 lambs 8-12 wks

what is the best roughage to feed goats

alfalfa or clover hay

what is a ruminant herbivore

animal with 1 compartmentalized stomach into 4 parts

taxonomy of goat

animalia chordata mammalia artiodactyla bovidae capra *capra hircus*

taxonomy of sheep

animalia chordata mammalia artiodactyla bovidae ovis *ovis aries*

what is wool made of

billions of *amino acids linked together* in coiled chains which lie adjacent and are chemically linked

what 3 factors affect milk production in goats

breed, diet & climate

what is the most common feed of sheep

hay is most common which should be a mixture of grass & clover

what hormone causes milk letdown

oxytocin

what 3 types of breeding systems are used in goat management

pasture mating hand mating AI

what hormone causes milk production

prolactin

why is it not possible to breed for a polled appearance in goats

there is a genetic link between polled and *hermaphordism*

define enurination

urinate on their front legs and beards; increases the intensity of the bucks odor in order to advertise his fitness

when and where were sheep domesticated

•*dry mountainous areas* of southwest and central Asia •8,000-10,000 years ago

what are 7 qualities of good wool

•absorbs water •generates heat from sunlight •superior insulator •light weight •very elastic •durable and strong •almost inflammable

describe the udder of a dairy goat. be able to label: alveoli, gland cistern, lobules, septum, streak canal, teat cistern

•area of glandular tissue contains lobules and houses the alveoli • gland cistern collects the milk as its released from alveoli •milk enters the teat cistern •milk is released from the mammary gland through the streak canal

differentiate between disbudding and dehorning

•disbudding- removal of horn buds of young kids •dehorning- removal of horns after they have emerged

what are 3 characteristics of wool

•elastic (can be stretched by 30%) •crimp (allows for insulation) •strong (stronger than steel)

differentiate between goat and cow milk

•goat milk *easier to digest* because it has finer & smaller fat droplets •goat milk is lower in *bacterial counts* •goat milk is somewhat *whiter* •*equal fat content* •goats can produce more milk relative to size than cows

differentiate between greased wool and scoured wool

•greased- wool as it is shorn from the sheep •scoured- greased wool after it has been through a cleaning process that removes grease and foreign material

describe how to restrain a goat

•haltered to lead •*straddled at the withers and backed into a corner* with head or *horns held firmly* •do not place on hindquarters

describe how to house goats

•loose housing preferred •place things for them to climb/keep them occupied •fencing should be woven wire about 6 ft high •good latch is necessary

differentiate between grazers and browsers

•sheep are grazers (feed at ground level) •goats are browsers (feed on brush, shrubs & trees)

10 wholesale cuts of lamb, give 1 example of a retail cut from each wholesale cut

•shoulder (boneless shoulder) •neck (neck slices) •rib (rib roast) •loin (loin roast) •sirloin (sirloin roast) •leg (center leg) •fore shank (fore shank) •breast (breast) •hind shank (hind shank) •