Bryophytes and Ferns

In addition to seeds, what do higher plants have that bryophytes lack?

Vascular tissue

In Marchantia, what is the function of archgoniophores and antheridiophores?

elevates the archegonia and antheridia above the thallus

How do moss "leaves" differ from the leaves of more complex plants?

moss "leaves" have no internal structure or stomata.

What is the difference between calyptra and an operculum?

calyptra is haploid operculum is diploid

What is the function of the prothallus?

produces gametes

What are all the parts of a complex sorus?

sporangia, indusium, sporocytes

How is the gametophyte in ferns different to that of mosses?

the gametophyte is dominant in the moss, but is separate and short lived in the fern.

Are ferns better adapted to a land environment than mosses? why or why not?

yes, ferns have vascular tissue in the dominant sporophyte

Where are fern antheridia produced (i.e., among what structures on the gametophyte)?

Among the rhizoids

Where, specifically, are fern antheridia located?

Among the rootlike rhizoids

In which specific structure of a moss are sperms produced?

Antheridium

Where, in a fern, does the switch from haploid to diploid take place?

Archegonium

Where, in moses, are zygotes and embryos formed?

Archegonium

How is the gametophyte in ferns similar to that of mosses?

Both produce flagellated sperm and neither has vascular tissue in the gametophyte

Which phase in the life cycle of a moss consists of a "leafy" plant?

Gametophyte

Why do some bioloigist call the nonvascular plants the "amphibians of the plant kingdom"?

Non vascular plants must have an aquatic environment to sexually reproduce.

What is the toothed structure in a moss sporophyte that controls the release of spores from a sporangium?

Peristome teeth

How is the release of spores controlled in mosses?

Peristome teeth, which move in response to changes in humidity

What name is applied to the gametophyte of ferns?

Prothallus

What are the differences among rhizoids, roots, and rhizomes?

Rhizoids, one cell thick, are rootlike structures (bryophytes), Rhizomes, horizontal stems of ferns and higher plants, Roots, contain xylem and phloem, absorbs water, found in higher plants

What is a cluster of fern sporangia called?

Sorus

Examine whole mount slides of fern prothallium-archegonia and fern prothallium-antheridia. What is being produced inside the antheridia?

Sperm

Where does meiosis take place in ferns?

Sporangia

Where, in a fern, does the switch from diploid to haploid take place?

Sporangium

What generation is dominant in ferns?

Sporophyte

How does a thalloid liverwort differ in appearance from a moss?

Thalloid liverwort has lobed "leaves"

Compare and contrast moss and fern sporophytes.

The moss sporophyte, a stalk and a capsule is dependent on the gametophyte which is the dominant generation. The fern sporophyte, a leafy frond, is independent and the dominant generation.

Where does meiosis take place in mosses?

in the sporangium

When sperm produced by the antheridia swim to the archegonia in a film of water, what results? The structure develops into what generation?

zygote or fertilization, sporophyte on the existing gametophyte

What parts of a fern are diploid?

zygote, embryo, sporophyte