BSC - Midterm - weeks 1-7

d) aerobic cellular respiration will stop

What will happen to the process of aerobic cellular respiration if no O2 is available in the cell? a) aerobic cellular respiration will speed up b) aerobic cellular respiration will occur at the same rate c) aerobic cellular respiration will slow down d) aerobic cellular respiration will stop

c) the cytoskeleton guides organelles that must move from place to place within the well

A cell's cytoskeleton is a network of protein fibers that help a cell keep its shape. What other important function does the cytoskeleton serve? a) the cytoskeleton contains and protects the cell's DNA b) the cytoskeleton is the location where microtubules are constructed c) the cytoskeleton guides organelles that must move from place to place within the cell d) the cytoskeleton allows the cell to regulate what material enters and leaves the cell

D. All of the above

Consider the radioactive isotope fluorine-18. Fluorine-18 differs from fluorine-19 in a) its atomic mass b) the number of neutrons found in the nucleus c) the stability of its nucleus d) all of the above

a) habitat destruction

Currently, the single greatest threat to global biodiversity is a) habitat destruction b) pollution c) invasive species d) overexploitation

C

Darwin proposed the theory of evolution through the process of natural selection. Darwin used the term NATURAL SELECTION to mean a) the idea that living organisms today descended from a succession of ancestral species b) an individual organism changes during its lifetime to adapt to its natural environment c) some heritable traits of a population are selected for (or against) by environmental conditions

b) antibiotic medicines target structures, such as cell walls, that bacteria have but human cells do not

How can an antibiotic target infecting bacterial cells but not the human cells of a patient's body? a) antibiotic medicines are too large to be taken up by human cells b) antibiotic medicines target structures, such as cell walls, that bacteria have but human cells do no c) antibiotic medicines target eukaryotic cells but not prokaryotic cells

b) temporal

If two salamanders from different species cannot mate because one mates in spring and the other in fall, this is what kind of isolation? a) gametic b) temporal c) habitat d) mechanical e) behavioral

b) 0-45C

In what temperature range would you find almost every living thing on Earth? a) 20-40C b) 0-45C c) 5-40C d) 10-50C e) 5-30C

D. All answers are correct.

Natural selection acts on genetic variation. The ultimate source of genetic variation is mutation in the genetic material, the DNA. In sexually reproducing organisms with a long generation time, what process(es) accounts for individual variation? a) random fertilization b) crossing over c) independent assortment d) all answers are correct

b) to accept the spent electrons at the end of the electron transport chain

Oxygen as O2 is required for aerobic cellular respiration. The function of O2 in this process is a) to provide the energy needed to start glycolysis b) to accept the spent electrons at the end of the electron transport chain c) to be converted into CO2 during the citric acid cycle d) to transfer harvested electrons from glycolysis and the citric acid cycle to the electron transport chain

a) needed land and water resources

The ecological footprint is one way to calculate the Earth's carrying capacity for hum population. It takes account of a) needed land and water resources b) loss of food-producing land due to ecological damage c) change in species diversity in settled areas d) net calories consumed per person

b) 3.5 billion

The first prokaryotes appeared on Earth approximately _________ years ago. a) 4.6 billion b) 3.5 billion c) 1.8 million d) 200.000

c) lipids

The fluidity in membranes is due to while molecule(s)? a) water b) proteins c) lipids d) carbohydrates e) all of the choices are correct

C) DNA to proteins

The information in a living organism flows from a) DNA to membranes b) proteins to DNA c) DNA to proteins d) proteins to membranes e) none of the choices is correct

c) in eukaryotes, the interior of the cell is divided by internal membranes into specialized compartments

The three domains of life are Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. What is the principal difference between eukaryotes (Eukarya) and prokaryotes (Archaea and Bacteria)? a) prokaryotes do not have a plasma membrane surrounding the cell b) prokaryotes use RNA and not DNA to pass on the genetic message c) in eukaryotes, the interior of the cell is divided by internal membranes into specialized into specialized compartments d) eukaryotes engage in cellular metabolism, whereas prokaryotes do not

a) the water molecule is polar

Water molecules from hydrogen bonds because a) the water molecule is polar b) the oxygen molecule is positively charged c) the water molecule forms a tetraedron d) the hydrogen atoms are negatively charged

d) all of the above, depending on the specific question

What defines a species? a) a population of organism that can breed together and produce fertile offspring b) organisms that share observable and measurable phenotypic traits c) organisms that share a common and unique genetic history d) all of the above, depending on the specific question

a) covalent bond

Which is most like the winner of an arm-wrestling contest? a) covalent bond b) hydrogen bond c) ionic bond

b) no ATP will be produced, causing all energy-requiring cell functions to cease

If a cell is unable to perform aerobic cellular respiration, what will then happen? a) CO2 will build up in the cell and become toxic b) no ATP will be produced, causing all energy-requiring cell functions to cease c) excess ATP will be produced, causing the cell's metabolism to increase d) no O2 will be produced and the cell will die

c. mutation

If you wanted to promote genetic variation in a population of fruit flies, you would want to enhance a) natural selection b) artificial selectionj c) mutation d) bottlenecks e) none of the choices are correct

b) exponential

In 1890, approximately 120 European staling birds were released in New York's Central Park, a new environment for them which was rich with resources. They exhibited a/an __________ population growth model. a) logistic b) exponential c) sustainable d) endangered

b) potential energy; kinetic energy

In order to transform the _______ of ATP into _______ available to do work, the bonds of ATP must be broken into ADP and an available phosphate group. a) kinetic energy; potential energy b) potential energy; kinetic energy c) kinetic energy; kinetic energy d) potential energy; potential energy

D. All of the above

Not all science discoveries are based on experiments. Which would be best described as science based on exploration? a) sequencing the human genome b) describing a new bird species from the Philippines c) a project to find preserved specimens of the probably extinct Rocky Mountain locust frozen in glaciers d) all of the above

c) both have one or more flagella for movement

In what way are the protozoan flagellates and dinoflagellates similar to each other? a) both are photosynthetic b) both consist of mostly parasitic species c) both have one or more flagella for movement d) all of the above

d) 195,000

The appearance of modern humans, Home Sapiens, occurred approximately ______ years ago. a) 4.6 billion b) 3.5 billion c) 1.8 million d) 195,000

a) primary succession

One morn you awaken and see, out the window of your seaside bedroom, a new volcanic island emerging from the sea a mile offshore. As an ecologist, you would eventually expect a) primary succession b) a trophic cascade c) a biodiversity hotspot d) bioremediation

c pyruvic acid

One of the products of the citric acid cycle is CO2. This molecule is considered a waste molecule, since organisms performing aerobic cellular respiration will release it into the atmosphere. What reactant provided the carbon atoms used to produce this CO2? a) oxygen b) NADH c) pyruvic acid d) lactic acid

b) movement corridor

Snails used to cross a piece of land now bisected by a paved road, which is too hot for them to cross in the summer. A metal culvert has been placed under the road to allow continued crossings, and this is an example of a _______. a) trophic cascade b) movement corridor c) ecological succession d) disturbance

d) ATP molecules

Some prokaryotic and all eukaryotic cells use oxygen to harvest energy from food molecule. In what form is that harvested energy available to power cell work? a) heat and light b) glucose molecules c) fat molecules d) ATP molecules

c) electrons in the outer electron shell of the atom

The ability of an atom to chemically react mostly depends on the number of a) neutrons found in the nucleus b) filled electron shells c) elections in the outer electron shell of the atom d) protons in the nucleus

D. all of the answer choices are correct

The biosphere is a self-contained, patchy collection of ecosystems that is isolated in space except for a) a constant source of energy from sunlight b) the loss of heat to space c) the occasional impact of space objects such as meteorites, comets, and asteroids d) all of the answer choices are correct

b) logging reduces the number of northern spotted owl nesting sites, greatly decreasing the overall population

The bottleneck effect can cause genetic drift. Which scenario might cause a bottleneck effect? a) a mild winter allows for increased survival of northern spotted owl offspring, increasing the overall population b) logging reduces the number of northern owl nesting sites, greatly decreasing the overall population c) one mating pair of northern spotted owls is separated from the rest of the population on a remote island and begins to breed

D. All of the above

The cell is sometimes described as a protein factory. If that is true, which accurately describes the functions of the endomembrane system? a) the ribosomes on the rough endoplasmic reticulum b) the golgi apparatus is analogous to the packaging and shipping department c) the nucleus is analogous to management offices d) all of the above

e) all of the answer choices are correct

Which is an abiotic factor affecting where and how organisms live? a) rainfall b) temperature c) wind d) sunlight e) all of the answer choices are correct

d) a mix of a & c

What is the key to the less negative ecological impacts of integrated pest management? a) chemical pesticides b) biological control agents c) crop culture practices d) a mix of a & c

a) creation of a new mountain range between two populations

Which could lead to allopatric speciation by two populations of snail? a) creation of a new mountain range between two populations b) a change in breeding time of one population c) a mutation in all members of one population which prevents gamete fusion between the two populations d) a change in mating behavior in one population but not in the other

b) a cooling of the climate leads to larger-bodied sheep which more easily retain heat

Which is an example of natural selection? a) a farmer selects the largest bean seeds to replant during the next season b) a cooling of the climate leads to larger-bodied sheep which more easily retain heat c) a pigeon breeder only breeds pigeons with the longest necks d) a & c e) a & b

c) biosphere

Which is the largest unit of organization in living things? a) organelle b) organ c) biosphere d) population e) organism

d) organismal, population, community, biosphere

Which lists has levels of ecology hierarchically listed from smallest to largest? a) organismal, biosphere, population, community b) organismal, population, biosphere, community c) biosphere, population, community, organismal d) organismal, population, community, biosphere

c) ATP

Which molecule would be found after the action of the enzymes in cellular respiration? a) NAD+ b) ADP c) ATP d) H+

a) both domains consist of prokaryotes

Which of the following do the Archaea and the Bacteria have in common? a) both domains consist of prokaryotes b) some protists belong to each of the two domains c) organisms of both domains have membrane-bound nuclei d) all of the above

A) many cited references

Which of these are signs that a work is truly scientific? a) many cited references b) no external review c) information is from 20 years ago d) author has conflicts of interest due to financial arrangements e) all of the options are correct

D. All of the above

Which property or properties of water are critical for life? a) decreased density when floating b) cohesion c) hydrogen bonding d) all of the above

c) natural selection can only act on traits that can be inherited by offspring

Which statement(s) about natural selection is (are) correct? a) natural selection causes individuals within a population to gain beneficial traits b) environmental factors can cause the development of new traits that can then be inherited by the next generation c) natural selection can only act on traits that can be inherited by offspring d) all of the answer choices are correct

e) b and c

Which would be more abundant in a muscle cell immediately after exercise? a) ATP b) ADP c) phosphate d) a and c e) b and c

Both A and B

Within all living organisms, a series of chemical reactions known as metabolism allows these organisms to a) convert energy from one form to another b) recycle matter from one form to another c) both A and B

e) b & d

You are given a sample taken from a living organism but are not told what kind of organism, only that it was denied oxygen in the container which held it. If you did a biochemical analysis, what would most likely be present in a sample of this organism? a) NAD+ b) alcohol c) oxygen d) lactic acid e) b or d

a) Eukarya

You have discovered a new cell and see that it has a Golgi apparatus. It could be a member of a) eukarya b) archaea c) bacteria d) there is not enough information to decide