BTE 210: Exam 1

advantages of twisted-pair wire

-inexpensive -widely available -easy to work with

Types of cellular radio

1G: uses analog signals and low bandwidth 2G: uses digital signals primarily for voice communication; provides data communication up to 10 Kbps 3G: uses digital signals 4G: high-mobility LTE: technology designed to support roaming Internet access XLTE: handles network congestion when too many people are in one area trying to access an LTE network and provides all users w no decrease in bandwidth 5G: expected to be deployed by 2020

CC simple definition

=software as a service + platform as a service +infrastructure as a service

Input Technologies

Accept data and instructions and convert them to a form that the computer can understand

types of medium range wireless local area networks (WLAN)

Access Point (AP): a device that connects wireless devices together and usually has a 100 meter perimeter and is connected to a wired network, ESSID (Extended service set ID): a "name" for the AP, hot spot: the area covered by wireless access points

2 types of network speeds

Bandwidth, broadband

network servers

Computers that manage and provide network resources and services to clients

Who uses supercomputers?

Due to the high cost they are generally used by large organizations (military, scientific research) to execute computationally demanding tasks involving large data

Types of Secondary Storage

Magnetic tape, magnetic discs, solid state drives (SSD), Optical storage devices, Flash memory (memory cards)

Software Licensing

Many people copy proprietary soft ware, but making copies without the manufacturer's explicit permission is illegal.

types of wireless media

Microwave, Satalite, infrared, radio

Operating systems and memory management

OS assigns data a place in storage and for remembering those locations which is complicated because the data that makes up a file may not be physically in order

Operating systems and task management

OS controls and schedules what data is sent to the CPU for processing. by quickly switching between processes, OS can give the appearance of multitasking

most essential system software

Operating systems (OS)

Types of system softwares

Operating systems (OS), programming languages, system utilities

Register Memory

Primary Memory- part of the CPU. Has the least capacity and stores data only immediately before and after processing. located closer to CPU than the RAM

Read only Memory (ROM)

Primary Memory- type of chip where certain critical instructions are held and retains these instructions even when the computer is off

Cache Memory

Primary memory- High speed memory that enables the computer to temporarily store blocks of data that are used more frequently

Random Access Memory (RAM)

Primary memory- holds a software program and small amounts of data for processing

Wide Area Network (WAN)

Spans a large geographic area such as a state, province, or country

Types of Servers

Supercomputers, mainframe computers

Computer's Hardware

The physical equipment used for the input, processing, output, and storage activities of a computer system

Tablets

a complete computer contained entirely in a flat touchscreen

Local Area Network (LAN)

a computer network that covers a small area

Cloud computing

a method for delivering business and IT services

the internet of things (IoT)

a scenario in which objects, animals, and people are provided with unique identifiers and the ability to automatically transfer data over a network without requiring human to human or human to computer interaction

what is a computer network?

a system that connects computers and other devices via communications media so that data and information can be transmitted among them

advantages of linux

all original source code can be used, freely modified, and redistributed, very secure

Wearable clients

apple watch

Software as a service (SaaS)

apps are located in the cloud; software experiences are delivered through the internet

universal product code (UPC)

bar code where the first digit identifies the item type, the next five identify the manufacturer, the next the product, etc

types of short-range wireless networks

bluetooth

Type of wide area wireless networks

cellular radio

Open Source software

computer software whose source code, unlike other copyrighted source code, is available under a license that permits users to study, change, improve, and at times distribute the software

Mainframe Computers

computers at the high end of the performance and reliability scales and can handle millions of transactions per day

network clients

computers that request network resources or services

twisted-pair wire

consists of copper wire twisted in pairs and is used for almost all business telephone wiring

Application software

consists of instructions that direct a computer system to perform specific information processing activities and also to provide functionality for users

Fiber optics

consists of thousands of very thin filaments of glass fibers that transmit information via light pulses generated by lasers

(Basic Input/Output System) BIOS

controls the startup process and loads the operating system into memory.

Single User Operating System

designed primarily for a single user, such as Windows and Mac

Proprietary Software

developed by a company and has restrictions on its use, copying and modifications

internet connection methods

dial-up, DSL, cable modern, satellite, wireless, fiber-to-home (FTTH)

Fiber Optics Disadvantages

difficult to work with

mobile commerce

electronic commerce transactions conducted in a wireless environment especially via the internet

advantages of CC

enables businesses and users to acquire the IT resources they need, just when they need it; provides on demand data processing and storage

disadvantages of coaxial cable

expensive and inflexible, easily tapped (low to medium security), somewhat difficult to work with

satellite transmission disadvantages

expensive, requires unobstructed line of sight, signals experience propagation delay, requires use of encryption for security

three basic types of telecommunications satelites

geostationary earth orbit (GEO), middle earth orbit (MEO), low earth orbit (LEO)

satellite transmission advantages

high bandwidth, large coverage area

coaxial cable

insulated copper wire, which used to carry high-speed data traffic and television signals

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

manipulates the data and controls the tasks performed by the other components

Types of Clients

microcomputers (desktop PCs), laptops, tablets, wearable clients

advantages of coaxial cable

much less susceptible to electrical interference and carry more data than twisted pair

Flash Memory (memory cards)

nonvolatile electronic storage devices with no moving parts and use 30x less battery power than hard drives

Linux

open-source family of operating systems, which is installed on a wide variety of computer hardware, from mobile phones, tablets to mainframes and super computers

multiuser operating system

permits hundreds of concurrent users such as Linux, Unix, and windows server editions

network types

personal area networks (PANs), local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs)

Dematerialization with smartphones

phenomenon that occurs when the functions of many physical devices are included in one other physical device (ex. iPhone = computer)

Output technologies

present data and information in a form people can understand

Types of computer memory

primary memory (main memory), secondary memory

Communication technologies

provide the flow of data from external computer networks (Internet) to the CPU, and from the CPU to computer networks

Personal Area Network (PAN)

provides communication for devices owned by a single user that work over a short distance

major threats to wireless security

radio frequency jamming, evil twin

mobile computing

refers to real-time connection between a mobile device and other computing environments, such as internet

Types of Primary Memory (main memory)

register memory, cache memory, random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM)

Optical storage devices

secondary storage- laser reads the surface of a reflective plastic platter

Magnetic Discs

secondary storage- most widely used

Magnetic tape

secondary storage- on a large open reel or in a smaller cartridge or cassette

Solid state drives (SSD)

secondary storage- serve the same purpose as a hard drive and store data in memory chips, but do not have moving parts

types of operating systems

single user, multiuser

disadvantages of twisted-pair wire

slow (low bandwidth), subject to interference, easily tapped (low security)

Laptops

small, easily transportable, lightweight microcomputers

Advantages of flash memory

smaller and more durable than hard drives

restrictions of proprietary software

source code is not made available and modifications are only contracted with the developing company

Personal Application Softwares

spreadsheets, word processing , data management, presentation, graphics, personal information management, personal finance, communications

Secondary Storage

stores data and programs for future use

RFID systems

tags have embedded microchips, which contain data, and antennas to transmit radio signals over short distances

Broadband network

telecommunications signal is greater than bandwidth

Primary Storage

temporarily stores data and program instructions during processing

Supercomputers

the fastest computers available at any time.

Microcomputers

the smallest and least expensive category of general-purpose computers

examples of IoT in use

the smart home, health care, automotive, environmental monitoring, energy management, agriculture, transportation

radio frequency jamming

threat to wireless security where a person of a device intentionally unintentionally interferes with your wireless network transmissions

Evil twin

threat to wireless security where using a hotspot, an attacker simulates a wireless access point with the same wireless network ESSID, as the users expect

bandwidth network

transmission capacity of a network measured in bits per second (bps)

Wireless Transmission Media (WTM)

transmit signals without wires

radio transmission

travel though the air and can pass through walls

communication media and channel types

twisted-pair wire, coaxial cable, fiber optics

QR code

two-dimensional code, readable by dedicated QR readers

advantages of mobile computing

ubiquity, convenience, instant connectivity, personalization, localization of products and services

wireless mesh networks

use of multiple wi-fi access points to create a wide area network that can be quite large and essentially a series of interconnected local area networks

Infrared transmission

used for short distance connections such as TV, VCR, DVD, and CD players

Operating systems provide

user interface (GUI), degree of hardware independence, manage system memory, manage processing tasks, provide network capability, control access to system resources, manage files

Role of software

users communicate with application softwares, which communicate with systems software, which communicate with hardware

bluetooth network

utilized to create small personal area networks

Fiber optics advantages

very high bandwidth, relatively inexpensive, difficult to tap (good security)

Microwave transmission systems

widely used for high-volume, long distance, point-to-point communication and require line of sight between transmitter and receiver and are susceptible to environmental interference

types of medium range wireless networks

wireless fidelity (wi-fi), wireless mesh networks

Types of Wireless Transmission Media (WTM)

wireless media, short-range wireless networks, medium-range wireless networks