BTG 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10
Already knowing something about the topic at hand is the key to easy reading True of False
TRue
To be a successful reader, a student should establish relationships to prior knowledge... a. true b. false
a. true
When using the Cornell Method, the key-words are written on the left. a. true b. false
a. true
The main idea of a passage is the central message that the author is trying to convey. True or False
True
Specific details may include incidents, facts, steps, and/or definitions. True or False
True
Annotating your text should be done a. after a unit of thought is viewed as a whole. b. sentence by sentence. c. after you have read the entire chapter.
a. after a unit of thought is viewed as a whole.
With the pattern of organization of definition, a concept is defined initially and then expanded a. with examples and restatements. b. with transitional words and phrases. c. by italicizing key words.
a. with examples and restatements.
When outlining, it is best to use complete sentences.. a. true b. false
b. false
Creative thinking does not necessarily include a. vertical thinking. b. lateral thinking. c. literal thinking
c. literal thinking
Important decisions are usually made quickly and easily. True or False
False
Main ideas are always directly stated. True or False
False
With inductive reasoning, data are gathered before a conclusion is drawn. True or False
True
The largest wide-area-network (WAN) in existence is the Internet. When you hook up a modem to your home computer and use your telephone line to dial up to an Internet Service Provider, you are connecting your computer to a WAN, which in turn is connected to the Internet. The Internet is an amorphous, global network of networks, tens of thousands of them. Because there is no central administration for the Internet, it has been likened to a "wild frontier." Although we can probably trace its evolution back to 1836 when Cooke and Wheatstone patented the telegraph, the Internet was born in 1969 under the name, ARPANET. The project was originally commissioned by the Department of Defense for research on networking computers, and by 1971, was being used for electronic mail (e-mail). By the mid-1980s, the Internet was widely used in government and educational institutions. Then in 1989, the World Wide Web emerged as an easy retrieval system for information. The Internet and Web have had enormous impact on contemporary business communication and public relations. It is commonplace to see integrated marketing strategies that include commercial advertisements that invite consumers to visit Web sites, and business cards imprinted with e-mail and Web information. Interactive Web-based chats, bulletin boards, three-dimensional graphics, point-and-click technology, and video and audio capabilities give the Web almost limitless potential for the practice of public relations. (Witmer, p. 12; 15) The paragraph above was probably written by a. an expert on computer information systems. b. personnel from the Department of Defense. c. a student.
a. an expert on computer information systems.
Most readers utilize a. both inductive and deductive reasoning processes. b. inductive reasoning techniques. c. deductive reasoning skills
a. both inductive and deductive reasoning processes.
Conclusions are best made when using a. both stated and unstated ideas b. only unstated ideas c. only stated ideas.
a. both stated and unstated ideas
There are two main arguments against advertising—that it is wasteful, and that it can be deceptive. However, let's consider the following: Advertising is the most effective and the least expensive means of communicating product information to millions of individuals. Advertising encourages competition and is, in fact, a means of competition. It thus leads to the development of new and improved products, wider product choice, and lower prices. Advertising revenues support our mass communication media—newspapers, magazines, radio, and television. This means that advertising pays for much of our news coverage and entertainment programming. Advertising provides job opportunities in fields ranging from sales to film production. (Pride et al., p. 424) The author would probably agree that a. despite criticism, advertising has many long-reaching benefits. b. although there are many arguments for advertising, advertising is wasteful. c. advertising has harmed employment opportunities.
a. despite criticism, advertising has many long-reaching benefits.
Connotations are a. emotionalism surrounding a word. b. specific meanings of words. c. synonyms of denotations.
a. emotionalism surrounding a word.
The interpretation of new experiences according to what we already believe is called a. frame of reference. b. labeling. c. wishful thinking.
a. frame of reference.
Subvocalization is... a. hearing the little voice in your head that reads for you. b. pronouncing out loud as you read c. moving your lips as you read
a. hearing the little voice in your head that reads for you.
To read critically, the student must first a. identify the author's position on the issue. b. make hasty moral judgments. c. ignore all emotional language.
a. identify the author's position on the issue.
An acronym is... a. invented in order to simplify. b. catchy but holds no meaning. c. similar to an antonym.
a. invented in order to simplify.
Many experts agree that understanding the main idea a. is the most important reading skill. b. does not affect reading comprehension to a great degree. c. may complicate the understanding of supporting details.
a. is the most important reading skill.
One reason textbooks usually require a slower reading rate is because the... a. language is more formal and the vocabulary and ideas are new b. sentences are shorter and the number of syllables per word is higher c. language is informal and simplistic.
a. language is more formal and the vocabulary and ideas are new.
Critical thinking as a process involves all of the following except a. listing facts. b. evaluating evidence. c. assessing the value of old and new information.
a. listing facts.
The "bandwagon" fallacy a. lures individuals to join the crowd, encouraging them to act like everyone else. b. uses testimonials from experts or famous people. c. presents two things or ideas as similar when really they are not.
a. lures individuals to join the crowd, encouraging them to act like everyone else.
To reduce distractions, students can... a. make a list of minor concerns and take action if necessary b. take many long breaks that include snacks while studying c. study only in the college library in the evening
a. make a list of minor concerns and take action if necessary
There are many different types of headaches. Tension or muscle headaches are experienced as a dull band of pain on both sides of the head. They may be caused by poor posture, eyestrain, or emotional conflicts such as grief or depression. Tension headache is the most common type of headache and is typically treated with over-the-counter medications. A migraine headache tends to produce a throbbing pain, often quite severe, and is generally localized on one side of the head. Often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and dizziness, migraines affect more than 23 million people in North America. Women are three times more likely than men to have an attack. Migraines are associated with increased blood flow in the arteries and veins which surround the brain. About one-third of migraine sufferers will report the presence of an "aura" between five and 30 minutes before the migraine begins. This aura may involve visual experiences such as wavy lines or flashing lights or visual or auditory hallucinations. The presence of an aura may indicate neurological problems, and you should seek medical attention. (Atkinson, p. 31) The author suggests that a. migraine headaches accompanied by an "aura" have the potential to be devastating. b. migraine headaches can be cured by taking over-the-counter medications. c. men suffer more depression than women and thus have more tension headaches.
a. migraine headaches accompanied by an "aura" have the potential to be devastating.
The medium through which communication occurs alters the expression of an experience. Today, of course, much of our communication is conducted through key strokes on a computer. Computers are everywhere. They are both ubiquitous and pervasive in contemporary living. We use them every day to communicate, often without thinking about it. When we slide a bank debit card in an automated teller machine (ATM), use a touch-screen bridal registry, leave a voice mail message, or scan a discount card at the grocery store, we are really communicating with and through a computer. Whether we're engaged in one-on-one conversations, group work, advertising, public relations, marketing, or democratic processes, if we are using computers, we can classify our activities as forms of computer-mediated communication (CMC). (Witmer, pp. 2-3) The reader can infer that a. most Americans would experience a setback if CMC were to shut down. b. many Americans are consciously aware that they constantly utilize computers. c. the author believes computers get in the way of everyday living.
a. most Americans would experience a setback if CMC were to shut down.
In regard to the process of recall, "text-to-world" refers to linking... a. new text to other textbooks the student has read. b. material the student is reading to his or her personal experience. c. information the student is reading to bigger issues or events.
a. new text to other textbooks the student has read.
For the most part, idioms are a. phrases that have been used for many years. b. words that are fresh and unique. c. used only by cults and gangs.
a. phrases that have been used for many years.
It is crucial that a reader be able to recognize the author's point of view since a. point of view affects the presentation of facts and opinions. b. information in texts is free from interpretation. c. the author is the expert on the topic.
a. point of view affects the presentation of facts and opinions.
Textbook reading is... a. similar to speed reading. b. understanding a lot of factual information that must be memorized. c. study reading.
a. similar to speed reading.
The difference between a simile and a metaphor is that a a. simile uses "like" or "as" in the comparison. b. metaphor is indirectly stated. c. simile is figurative language.
a. simile uses "like" or "as" in the comparison.
Graphic illustrations are a. simplified forms expressing complex interrelationships. b. most often too difficult to analyze. c. always repetitious.
a. simplified forms expressing complex interrelationships.
Which of the following words is not another way to express the main idea? a. single meaning b. gist c. central focus
a. single meaning
A fact is a(n) a. statement based on actual evidence. b. interpretation based on factual information. c. personal feeling based on experience.
a. statement based on actual evidence.
The choice of which graphic illustration is best to use depends on a. the type of material presented. b. the author's field of study. c. which one the publisher likes best.
a. the type of material presented.
According to your textbook, note taking can result in better test scores. a. true b. false
a. true
One effective way to recognize a pattern of contrast is to look for words such as a. "in conclusion" or "finally." b. "unlike" or "on the other hand." c. "similarly" or "in the same way."
b. "unlike" or "on the other hand."
Until you build prior knowledge for particular courses, understanding the main idea is likely to be a. an automatic response. b. a conscious effort. c. impossible
b. a conscious effort.
Each slice in a pie graph represents a. the opinion of the writer. b. a percentage or fraction of the total. c. at least 50 percent of the total.
b. a percentage or fraction of the total.
One automatic aspect of reading is... a. recognition of technical vocabulary. b. common word recognition. c. comprehension of the intended message.
b. common word recognition.
Answer the multiple-choice question related to the organizational patterns in the paragraphs about crime and law enforcement below. The primary difference between terrorism and hate crimes is the target: In the case of terrorism, the government is usually the target; in the case of hate crimes, a particular minority group is usually the target. Hate arises from prejudice against people's race, ethnicity, religious affiliation or sexual orientation. (Albanese, p. 130) The author gets his point across by using a. description. b. contrast. c. time order.
b. contrast.
When we make hasty moral judgments, we a. talk ourselves into believing things we know are not true. b. create a barrier to critical thinking. c. are thinking critically.
b. create a barrier to critical thinking.
Which of the following context clues involves directly stating the meaning of an unknown word in a sentence or paragraph? a. example b. definition c. elaborating details
b. definitions
Activating your schema is usually done after the material is read... a. true b. false
b. false
The author explains that reading is a passive process... a. true b. false
b. false
Patterns of organization are a. listings of transitional words. b. formats by which a message is conveyed. c. descriptions of details.
b. formats by which a message is conveyed.
Especially important for self-concept is a culture's attitude about gender roles, about how a man or woman should act. In fact, a popular classification of cultures is in terms of their masculinity and femininity. In a highly "masculine culture" men are viewed as assertive, oriented to material success, and strong; women are viewed as modest, focused on the quality of life, and tender. In a highly "feminine culture," both men and women are encouraged to be modest, oriented to maintaining the quality of life, and tender. On the basis of Hofstede's research, the ten countries with the highest masculinity score (beginning with the highest) are: Japan Austria Venezuela Italy Switzerland Mexico Ireland Jamaica Great Britain Germany The ten countries with the highest femininity scores (beginning with the highest) are: Sweden Norway Netherlands Denmark Costa Rica Yugoslavia Finland Chile Portugal Thailand Out of the 53 countries ranked, the United States ranked 15th most masculine. (DeVito, pp. 96-97) It can be concluded from the above that a. stereotypically, Japan has always been viewed as a "feminine culture." b. gender roles in different cultures has been researched. c. more than half of the "feminine" cultures are comprised of Latin American nations.
b. gender roles in different cultures has been researched.
Mapping is similar to outlining because a. drawing is involved. b. it makes it easy to see the relationship among ideas. c. it should be done at the same time you are annotating.
b. it makes it easy to see the relationship among ideas.
Each college subject has a language of its own. Another word for this language is... a. slang. b. jargon. c. vocational
b. jargon
Making an inference entails a. creating a list of facts and remembering them b. making a connection with prior knowledge c. ignoring connotations.
b. making a connection with prior knowledge
Students who let their own viewpoints override an author's opinion a. make higher grades on essay exams. b. may impede their understanding of the material. c. are smarter than the author.
b. may impede their understanding of the material.
A reader can best identify the author's position on an issue by all of the following strategies except a. recognizing signal words. b. noting supporting details. c. stating the thesis or main point.
b. noting supporting details.
In the dictionary, spellings are given for... a. origins of words. b. only foreign words. c. plural forms of words.
b. only foreign words.
A thesaurus most likely will not help a writer find... a. antonyms for a word. b. origins of a word. c. synonyms for a word.
b. origins of a word.
Reduction of an issue to two simple choices is called a. misinterpretation. b. oversimplification. c. overgeneralization.
b. oversimplification.
The literal level of the reading process a. is the "highest" level. b. presents the facts. c. deals with motives, feelings, and judgments.
b. presents the facts.
Answer the multiple-choice question related to the organizational patterns in the paragraphs about crime and law enforcement below. For most police officers, acute stress reactions begin at the scene of a traumatic event or within 24 hours after the event. Yet, some officers will have little or no reaction to a traumatic scene. Instead, their delayed stress reaction tends to show up days, weeks, months, and in some extraordinary cases, years after the event. Post-traumatic stress is confusing to the officer who cannot pinpoint the exact incident that caused the reaction. Nonetheless, the reaction is as real and painful as if it occurred at the time of the crisis event. Some of the common warning signs of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder are: flashbacks, sleep problems, anger, concentration problems, distancing (one of the most common behavioral manifestations; the officer avoids contact with friends and family), infidelity, avoidance of recreation, exaggerated territoriality, and physical abuse (which occurs in the last stages). (Bartollas & Hahn, pp. 213-214) One of the organizational patterns employed above is a. classification. b. simple listing. c. contrast.
b. simple listing.
On teacher-made tests, it is suggested that you... a. divide your time evenly among sections of the test. b. spend the most time on the items that yield the most points c.work on the hard items first.
b. spend the most time on the items that yield the most points
Deductive reasoners a. gather data, then draw conclusions. b. start with a previously drawn conclusion and apply it to a new situation. c. follow the same thinking process as inductive reasoners.
b. start with a previously drawn conclusion and apply it to a new situation.
What is most helpful on a typical map? a. the date of publication b. the legend c. the illustrator's name
b. the legend
An author's attitude toward a subject is a. always right. b. the same as his/her bias. c. always difficult to detect.
b. the same as his/her bias.
In some instances, it is possible to determine the topic from a. the second sentence of the first paragraph. b. the title of the passage. c. a detail.
b. the title of the passage.
Graphic illustrations are generally used for all of the following reasons except a. to convince. b. to expand. c. to clarify.
b. to expand.
After your test is returned, you should analyze your performance... a. to challenge the grade b. to learn from your errors c. because the instructor suggested it
b. to learn from your errors.
Graphic illustrations such as maps, tables, and charts help students a. comprehend the gist of a passage. b. visualize how everything fits together. c. plod through repetitious data.
b. visualize how everything fits together
The tone of an author's writing a. is always easy to distinguish. b.may be detected through the words and phrases s/he uses. c. is the opposite of the tone of a speaker's voice.
b.may be detected through the words and phrases s/he uses.
All of the following imply meaning rather than directly state it except a. advertisements. b. jokes. c. almanacs.
c. almanacs.
In a mixed organizational pattern, you may encounter a. a repetition of the same transitional words. b. the name of the pattern of organization directly stated. c. an overall pattern of organization along with paragraphs that follow other patterns.
c. an overall pattern of organization along with paragraphs that follow other patterns.
Highly charged language is apparent in which fallacy? a. questionable authority b. transfer c. appeals to emotion
c. appeals to emotion
Good critical thinkers a. practice "wishful thinking." b. can oversimplify and distort the truth. c. are persistent in seeking solutions.
c. are persistent in seeking solutions.
The "card-stacking" strategy a. gives all the facts regarding the pros and cons of an issue. b. omits facts which would support the other side's view. c. attacks a person rather than an issue.
c. attacks a person rather than an issue.
Puritan clergy were sober figures. They looked askance at frivolous behavior. Into this category they lumped sports, games, and amusements played for the pure joy of play. In 1647 the Massachusetts Bay Colony outlawed shuffleboard. A ban against bowling followed in 1650. Football and other sports were similarly treated. Although Puritans outlawed pit sports, they did not oppose all sports and games. They supported such activities as walking, archery, running, wrestling, fencing, hunting, fishing, and hawking—as long as they were engaged in at a proper time and in a proper manner. Puritan leaders were opposed to any Sabbath amusements. Sunday was a day for worship—not work, and certainly not play. Remaining true to the teachings of the Prophet Isaiah, Cotton Mather condemned those who tried to justify Sabbath sports. Those who broke the Sabbath were punished. They were denied food, publicly whipped, or placed in the stocks. (Martin, pp. 96-97) The reader can conclude that Puritans who followed their faith strictly a. never participated in sporting events. b. could participate in sports on Sunday if they gave good justification. c. believed it a disgrace to be placed in the stocks.
c. believed it a disgrace to be placed in the stocks.
Answer the multiple-choice question related to the organizational patterns in the paragraphs about crime and law enforcement below. Crimes are of three general types: crimes against persons, crimes against property, and crimes against public order. Crimes against persons are called violent crimes, because they involve the use of physical force. These crimes include criminal homicide, rape, assault, and robbery. Crimes against property are those in which property is taken unlawfully and misused. Examples include burglary, larceny, arson, and vandalism. Crimes against public order are acts that disrupt the peace in a civil society. Examples of these offenses include drug, liquor, and gambling law violations, disorderly conduct, weapons offenses, and loitering and prostitution violations. (Albanese, p. 61) The patterns of organization used above are a. example and description, and contrast. b. description and classification, and cause and effect. c. classification, definition, and example.
c. classification, definition, and example.
Words such as "thus," "accordingly," "so," and/or "since," all indicate the organizational pattern of a. cause and effect. b. addition. c. comparison.
c. comparison.
Answer the multiple-choice question related to the organizational patterns in the paragraphs about crime and law enforcement below. What is identify theft? The short answer is that identify theft is a crime. It is a term used to refer to crimes in which someone wrongfully obtains and uses another person's personal data, typically for economic gain. Your personal data—especially your Social Security number—your bank account number, credit card number, telephone calling card number, and other valuable identifying data can be used. In the United States and Canada, for example, many people have reported that unauthorized persons have taken funds out of their bank accounts. In the worst cases, these criminals have taken over someone else's identity altogether, running up vast debts and committing crimes while using the victim's name. Many people do not realize how easily criminals can obtain information. Even the area near your home or office may not be secure. Some criminals engage in "dumpster diving," going through your garbage cans or a communal dumpster or trash bin to obtain copies of your checks or credit card or bank statements which bear your name, address, and even your telephone number. Unfortunately, a victim's losses may include not only out-of-pocket financial losses, but substantial additional financial costs associated with trying to correct erroneous information or restore his or her reputation in the community. (U.S. government, Internet) The authors get their point across through a. contrast and comparison. b. cause and effect, and time order. c. definition and description.
c. definition and description.
In a line graph, the horizontal and vertical lines measure a. years in increments of decades. b. the same aspects. c. different aspects.
c. different aspects.
Writing down words and definitions and then memorizing them... a. is recommended as a strategy for unlocking the meaning of unknown words. b. works only for learning new vocabulary. c. does not produce long-term results in regard to memory.
c. does not produce long-term results in regard to memory.
A table is presented a. when a drawing of an object is needed. b. to show the location or physical terrain of specific areas. c. for quick and easy reference
c. for quick and easy reference
The adult women of classical Athens—whether they were wives, slaves, or prostitutes—were all excluded from the city's public affairs. Nearly all female citizens were married. Their duties as wives were restricted to organizing the household, supervising slaves, and performing domestic labor. Pericles said that the happiest wife was one about whom nothing was said, either good or bad. Athenian wives lived in quarters separate from the men and customarily did not even share the evening meal with their husbands. Foreign women could gain a place in Athenian society as a courtesan or prostitute. Some courtesans were highly educated and trained as musicians, and so were favored as companions as well as sexual partners. The courtesans accompanied men to evening banquets and may have been the only women permitted to attend the Greek theater. Courtesans had legal recognition and some apparently accumulated property, a right denied to other female citizens. (Bishop, p. 39) It can be inferred that a. Pericles had many followers and advocates who were women. b. Athenian women were large landowners. c. in many ways foreign courtesans were treated better than Athenian wives.
c. in many ways foreign courtesans were treated better than Athenian wives.
Drawing a conclusion is a. idiomatic comprehension b. literal comprehension b. inferential comprehension.
c. inferential comprehension.
A priest writing a Sunday sermon most likely has a purpose to a. entertain. b. inform. c. inspire.
c. inspire.
The textbook a. is usually a waste of students' money. b. should never be damaged by writing in it. c. is a learning tool.
c. is a learning tool.
In recognizing point of view a. a suspicious nature is an obstacle to comprehension. b. the reader must study biographical information on the author. c. it is necessary to have prior knowledge of the topic.
c. it is necessary to have prior knowledge of the topic.
Note taking is the process of... a. highlighting with a marker to trigger thoughts for self-testing. b. writing paragraph summaries. c. jotting down brief notes or brief sentence summaries.
c. jotting down brief notes or brief sentence summaries.
The best way to identify the pattern of organization of a passage is to a. determine the main idea. b. look for transitional words and phrases. c. list the supporting details.
c. list the supporting details.
Reading speed can be increased by... a. vocalizing. b. reading word-for-word. c. reading more words per fixation.
c. reading more words per fixation.
Transitional words and phrases a. are also called "guide words." b. are obstacles to better comprehension. c. show the relationship of ideas within a paragraph or among paragraphs.
c. show the relationship of ideas within a paragraph or among paragraphs.
Words/phrases such as "if," "given that," "first," and "since" are a. analogies. b. connotations. c. signal words.
c. signal words.
Answer the multiple-choice question related to the organizational patterns in the paragraphs about crime and law enforcement below. Companies are not blind to insider computer security abuse—nor are they indifferent. Last year midsized and large companies spent in excess of $2 million on average to address computer security. They spent an estimated $1.1 billion in aggregate simply to patch the software "holes" that hackers might use to gain entry to systems. Insiders, of course, already have entry. What to do about them? A survey of 2,500 information security officers and others (conducted by Information Security magazine) found that insider attacks occur more often than external breaches, yet the top priority among those surveyed was securing the "network perimeter" against external threats. (Leibs, Internet) What organizational pattern is the author utilizing? a. description b. cause and effect c. statistical analysis
c. statistical analysis
Chapter One includes the discussion about divided attention so that readers will understand... a. that they can expect to successfully read college assignments while they watch television b. that it is possible to do more than one thing at a time c. that reading college-level material should not be done at the same time as another activity.
c. that reading college-level material should not be done at the same time as another activity.
A lie detector is a physiological recording device called a polygraph. Typical measures of heightened physical change taken include heart rate, breathing rate, skin temperature, and galvanic skin response. The lie detector does not detect lies at all, but rather records physiological changes in response to questions asked by the examiner. The theory is that someone who is guilty will show a greater physiological response when asked critical questions about a crime, compared to control questions. Surprisingly, the polygraph is not as accurate as you might expect. Many studies indicate that the overall accuracy rate is about 70%. (Atkinson, pp. 74-75) The author of this passage implies that a. guilty individuals' responses will increase when asked control questions. b. seventy percent is a high accuracy rate. c. the lie detector is not the best criterion to use to establish absolute guilt.
c. the lie detector is not the best criterion to use to establish absolute guilt.
In describing how the brain works, cognitive psychologists use the analogy of how the brain works and... a. how the recorder on a telephone can receive messages when the phone isn't answered b. how the engine in an automobile keeps the automobile running c. the workings of the central processing unit of a computer.
c. the workings of the central processing unit of a computer.
The writing of history is usually organized through which of the following patterns of organization? a. description or example b. simple listing or definition c. time order or cause and effect
c. time order or cause and effect
The process of previewing a text does not involve a. reacting to the ideas presented. b. establishing a purpose for reading. c. asking questions.
a. reacting to the ideas presented.
An analogy measures your ability to see.. a. relationships. b. definitions. c. examples.
a. relationships.
When you organize textbook material, you should... a. seek to understand the material by making connections. b. highlight almost every word. c. always make a map of every section.
a. seek to understand the material by making
One advantage of using the Cornell Method over other note-taking methods is you can easily... a. test yourself by covering up the right side and looking at the key-words on the left. b. test yourself by covering up the left side and looking at the key-words on the right. c. use your notes for study.
a. test yourself by covering up the right side and looking at the key-words on the left.
Transition words indicate... a. the direction of a writer's thoughts. b. that no change or continuation in thought is imminent. c. the main idea of a passage.
a. the direction of a writer's thoughts.
A schema is a. the existing knowledge or background a student has of a subject. b. a strategy for previewing difficult text material. c. a plan the student created for studying.
a. the existing knowledge or background a student has of a subject.
It is important to understand the passage as a whole because... a. then the rest of the ideas fall into place b. instructors are interested only in testing for main ideas. c. on most tests, there are very few questions about supporting details.
a. then the rest of the ideas fall into place
During the self-testing stage, students recap what they have learned... a. true b. false
a. true
Organizing material for study helps with comprehension. a. true b. false
a. true
Strategic reading is knowing and using techniques for understanding, studying, and learning... a. true b. false
a. true
The author of your textbook likens the brain to a computer file... a. true b. false
a. true
The three stages of reading are previewing, reading, and recall... a. true b. false
a. true
Strategies to spark interest in reading material include all of the following except? a.stimulating curiosity by asking questions about the topic b. completing an assignment in another subject area first c. setting a short-term goal
b. completing an assignment in another subject area first
Outlining is useful because it... a. is the only method a student needs to use to study for a test. b. enables a student to organize major and minor points and see the relationships among ideas. c. contains a great deal of writing which focuses on detailed information.
b. enables a student to organize major and minor points and see the relationships among ideas.
Highlighting everything is an efficient way to study. a. true b. false
b. false
Highlighting everything on the printed page is the mark of a mature reader. a. true b. false
b. false
In the previewing stage, the student selects the most important points and studies them... a. true b. false
b. false
Mapping is the process of writing brief paragraph summaries. a. true b. false
b. false
Monitoring understanding while reading is not part of the reading process... a. true b. false
b. false
Cognitive psychologists... a. believe that cognitive processes are visible. b. study how the mind works. c. study about the connection between grammar and comprehension.
b. study how the mind works.
When previewing a textbook, a student would not usually look at... a. chapter subheadings. b. the glossary. c. the table of contents.
b. the glossary.
In unlocking the meaning of an unknown word, knowing its antonym may be helpful. An antonym is a word that has... a. a hidden meaning. b. the opposite meaning. c. the same meaning.
b. the opposite meaning.
Transitional words alert the reader a. to merely review the previous paragraph in order to determine the pattern of organization. b. to the writer's direction of thought throughout the passage. c. that the pattern of organization is one of contrast.
b. to the writer's direction of thought throughout the passage.
Words/phrases such as "consequently," "in addition," and "however" are referred to as... a. guide words. b. transition words. c. acronyms.
b. transition words.
The context clue contrast is characterized by... a. a graphic illustration. b. two or more different items or concepts. c. elaborate details.
b. two or more different items or concepts.
The stage of reading called "recall" is crucial because students... a. seek to sort through ideas and connect them with existing information. b. improve their technical vocabulary. c. are memorizing the material for an upcoming exam.
a. seek to sort through ideas and connect them with existing information.
New research on studying sees studying as an information-gathering activity. a. true b. false
b. false
Previewing introductory material is not a good strategy... a. true b. false
b. false
Reviewing what you have read is usually enough to adequately remember information. a. true b. false
b. false
Which of the following is not added to the basic part of a word? a. prefix b. root c. suffix
b. root
Good readers do all of the following except... a. visualize the material. b. predict what is ahead in the reading. c. continue reading even if confused.
c. continue reading even if confused.
Remembering the meanings of new words usually includes all of the following strategies except... a. learning prefixes, roots, and suffixes. b. creating concept cards. c. looking up the pronunciation of the word.
c. looking up the pronunciation of the word.
To reduce anxiety, you could... a. stop and take several deep breaths and visualize yourself calm and relaxed. b. stop and think about how disappointed your family will be if you fail. c. think about how failing one test can set you back for the whole semester.
a. stop and take several deep breaths and visualize yourself calm and relaxed.
Students should pick one study method that is best for them and use only that method. a. true b. false
b. false
The ability to know, control, and "think beyond" is referred to as... a. SQ3R. b. metacognition. c. schema.
b. metacognition.
A student can better understand an essay question by... a. asking another student for clarification during the test. b. simplifying the question into understandable terms and then breaking it into parts c. writing a brief summary of the material before writing the essay
b. simplifying the question into understandable terms and then breaking it into parts.
It is better not to read test questions first because... a. it takes too much of the allotted time. b. you will not have a purpose for reading c. reading becomes fragmented and lacks focus.
c. reading becomes fragmented and lacks focus.
An example of a metacognitive process would be... a. speaking French in the language laboratory. b. writing in Arabic to your pen pal. c. realizing that the instructions for your new DVD player were in Spanish.
c. realizing that the instructions for your new DVD player were in Spanish.
When a student feels places responsibility on him or herself for actions or outcomes, the student is demonstrating which of the following? a. External locus of control b. Internal locus of control c. Metacognition
b. Internal locus of control
Questions concerning implied meaning may test your ability to... a. locate what is directly stated. b. understand attitudes and feelings. c. give dictionary definitions.
b. understand attitudes and feelings.
The glossary of a textbook contains words that are... a. gathered from several of Webster's dictionaries. b. unique to the subject matter. c. commonly known.
b. unique to the subject matter.
A widespread custom throughout Peru among the Inca was to bury the bodies of dead males with all of their most prized possessions and with their most beautiful and best-loved women. They believed in the immortality of the soul; it was common to find magnificent tombs where dead men were buried with their possessions, women and servants, and a great quantity of food and wine, along with their weapons and ornaments. It was customary to bury the dead in a sitting position. In the vicinity of Machu Picchu, the dead were buried seated upon a magnificent stool, fully adorned. Cadavers were placed on a large carved stone in a ceremonial burial spot and mourned for a time before burial. In some provinces the dead might be sewn into fresh llama-hide and kept in their relative's house. Families of the deceased would stay in small, private caves and, for a time, mourn the departed loved one. When a chief died, the Peruvians buried him with his greatest treasures, living women and boys, and others who had been good friends of his, believing that they would be reunited in the afterlife where they could enjoy their food and drink together. The sacrificial victims were convinced by the priests that they were going to serve the god whom they loved. They were given a lot of chicha (wine) to drink in goblets made of gold, while songs relating their virtue in giving up their lives to serve their gods were chanted by the priests. They were then strangled by the priest and buried near the shrine in their graves. These people were highly honored among the Inca. (Shasta, p. 2) Which of the following best reflects the topic of the passage? a. The Inca: a barbaric tribe b. Incas and their belief in the immortality of the soul c. An overview of the burial customs for Incan males
a. The Inca: a barbaric tribe
The Chesapeake colonists experienced shorter, less fertile lives than their New England counterparts. In 1640, for example, Chesapeake migrants had no more than a 50 percent chance of surviving their first year in America. Hot, steamy summers fostered repeated outbreaks of malaria and typhoid fever, which along with dysentery and poisoning from brackish drinking water, killed thousands. New England's drinking water was safe, although Puritans generally preferred home-brewed beer, and the harsher winter climate helped kill off deadly germs. As a result, the Puritans enjoyed longer, healthier lives. In New England, 20 percent of all Puritan males who survived infancy lived into their seventies, and even with the hazards of childbirth, Puritan women lived almost as long. (Martin et al., p. 59) What is the controlling idea of the paragraph? a. Chesapeake colonists had a low death rate during their first year in America. b. Chesapeake colonists experienced shorter, less healthy lives than the New England Puritans. c. Puritans preferred home-brewed beer to drinking water.
b. Chesapeake colonists experienced shorter, less healthy lives than the New England Puritans.
A strategy for finding the answer to a detail question is to... a. skim the passage to understand the central theme. b. use a keyword in the question to locate and re-read the sentence in which it appears. c. re-read the first sentence of the passage to determine the topic.
b. use a key word in the question to locate and re-read the sentence in which it appears.
To understand and remember, you must link new information to... a. current events. b. your already existing schemata. c. your number one career choice.
b. your already existing schemata.
When reading an argument, you must be aware of the author's biases, but not your own. True or False
False
Wishful thinking is always helpful to successful critical thinking. True or False
False
Which of the following is a true acronym? a. MRL b. SWAT c. OE
b. SWAT
The point of view of an author would probably be least obvious in which of the following? a. a cartoon b. a persuasive essay c. a scientific journal
c. a scientific journal
According to the author, a main idea statement is much like a. detailed information. b. connotation. c. a thesis statement.
c. a thesis statement.
Word origins are also called... a. guide words. b. entries. c. etymologies.
c. etymologies.
Some experts say that... a. there is no significant difference in difficulty levels in college. b. the junior year of college is the most difficult. c. the freshman year of college is the most difficult.
c. the freshman year of college is the most difficult.
Critical thinking and creative thinking are essentially the same thing. True or False
False
Expert readers use the same strategies to determine the main idea of familiar as well as unfamiliar materials. True or False
False
Personal opinions should always be included as part of a summary. True or False
False
Recognizing the main idea is considered a secondary reading skill. True or False
False
Successful critical thinkers tend to be impulsive. True or False
False
Critical thinking and creative thinking are both necessary for good problem solving. True or False
True
In longer reading selections, several major ideas may contribute to developing the overall main idea. True or False
True
Bias refers to a. an opinion or position one might have on a subject. b. ideas others have that are different from your ideas. c. the concept of open-mindedness.
a. an opinion or position one might have on a subject.
The title ascribed to graphic material gives the reader a. an overview. b. a supporting detail. c. statistical data.
a. an overview.
Critical and creative thinking a. are essential for good problem solving. b. are essentially the same thing. c. examine solutions
a. are essential for good problem solving.
Which of the following is not considered a graphic illustration? a. bold-faced headings b. flowcharts c. pie graphs
a. bold-faced headings
Of the following, which would not be categorized as figurative language? a. connotations b. irony c.metaphors
a. connotations
A transitional word/phrase that does not signal time order is a. "previously." b. "for example." c. "afterwards."
b. "for example."
In the reading process, the level of inference requires the reader to a. merely memorize factual information. b. "read between the lines" to understand the meaning. c. pronounce each word clearly in his or her mind.
b. "read between the lines" to understand the meaning.
Life on a medieval estate centered on the castle—the residence of the lord's family and refuge for the estate's population in time of war. After Christian crusaders had studied Byzantine and Turkish castles, noble residences became imposing. Stone fortresses were carefully designed to defend against military siege. For example, King Henry II of England buttressed his castle at Dover in England with stone walls 85 feet high and up to 21 feet thick. Still, no castle was impregnable. Attackers often tunneled underneath the castle walls, battered them with siege weapons, or simply waited for the defenders' water or food supplies to give out. (Bishop, p. 123) We can infer from the passage above that a. King Henry II of England was paranoid. b. Christian crusaders were impressed with Byzantine and Turkish castles. b. attackers who besieged a castle were never successful at storming castles.
b. Christian crusaders were impressed with Byzantine and Turkish castles.
External distractions include all of the following except... a. worries about money b. a cluttered desk area c. an argument in the apartment next door to yours.
b. a cluttered desk area.
Word structure encompasses all of the following except... a. roots. b. contexts. c. prefixes.
b. contexts.
An argumentative statement usually does not a. trigger extensive thought. b. inform. c. lead to analysis.
b. inform.
An opinion a. can be proved right or wrong. b. is a statement of feeling. c. is not an interpretation.
b. is a statement of feeling.
Being well-prepared enhances... a. speed reading. b.self-confidence. c. anxiety
b.self-confidence.
Language and culture shape how we interpret and define emotion; that is, emotions are experienced through the lens of culture. For example, the feeling of yugan—roughly, a "moment of oneness"—in Japan, or rasa, a "wordless appreciation" in India, have no exact counterparts in English. A great many Tibetan terms that refer to subtle aspects of meditation have no equivalent in English. Similarly, Tibetan has no word for the English term "emotion." The Dalai Lama was astounded to hear that many Westerners suffer from feelings of low self-esteem. There is no such concept of self-loathing or self-deprecation—or, as the Dalai Lama puts it, "a lack of compassion for oneself"—in Tibetan culture. (Goleman, p. 184) The author of this passage would probably agree that a. the Dalai Lama is a linguist. b. there are no differences between cultures. c. Tibetans rarely suffer from low self-esteem.
c. Tibetans rarely suffer from low self-esteem.
The main idea should be stated in a. a short, meaningful phrase. b. one or two words. c. a complete sentence.
c. a complete sentence.
A knowledgeable reader knows to determine the main idea a. before deciding on the topic. b. before deciding on the major details. c. after deciding on the major details.
c. after deciding on the major details.
During the reading process, prior knowledge of a subject... a. is not usually utilized. b. is an obstacle to comprehension. c. aids the reader.
c. aids the reader.
Using context clues... a. is an uncommon method of unlocking meanings of unknown words. b. always generates complete definitions of unknown words. c. allows the reader to approximate the meaning of an unknown word.
c. allows the reader to approximate the meaning of an unknown word.
Adding a prefix to a root... a. merely makes the word longer. b. does not affect the root. c. changes the meaning of the word.
c. changes the meaning of the word.
Learning words in isolation... a. is a good technique for remembering definitions. b. changes the meaning of the word. c. is a poor method for aiding memory.
c. is a poor method for aiding memory.
In organizing textbook information, a student's job is to... a. read the entire chapter twice. b. memorize everything he or she thinks is important. c. select, organize, and then learn what he or she believes is most important.
c. select, organize, and then learn what he or she believes is most important.
A summary a. should be written in preparation for a multiple-choice examination. b. demonstrates a synthesis of the material read. c. reveals the opinions of the reader.
demonstrates a synthesis of the material read.