Building Construction 5th Edition
Measured in Btu; the amount of heat required to raise 1 pound of water 1* F? Ch 2 wrap up
CALORIC VALUE
Upward rise? Ch 2 wrap up
CAMBER
A bracket would be called a what if its diagonal members wouldn't be used for support? pg 32
CANTILEVER
A beam supported at one end only, rigidly held in position at the end? Ch 2 wrap up
CANTILEVER BEAM
What type of beam resembles a PLAYGROUND SEESAW? pg 32
CANTILEVER BEAM
What type of beam is ONLY SUPPORTED at one end, but it RIGIDLY held in position at that end? pg 32
CANTILEVER BEAM **it projects out over a support point**
supported by a cantilever? Ch 2 wrap up
CANTILEVERED
What type of gas is more violent and with sufficient energy it can break glass windows? pg 130
CARBON MONOXIDE ( co )
What type of concrete is molded in the location in which it is expected to remain? pg 318
CASt-in-place
A wall built of two wythes (a single vertical thickness of masonry) separated by a space for rain drainage or insulation? ch 2 wrap up
CAVITY OR HOLLOW WALL
what describes the process of placing the fluid concrete into molds, generally called forms in which the concrete is permitted to harden to a certain shape? pg 318
CAsting
The abbreviation used for the steel member Castellated beams is? pg 286
CB: Castellated Beams
The center point at which a body would be stable, or balance, under the influence of gravity? ch 2 wrap up
CENTROID
The outside members ( top and bottom ) of a truss, as opposed to the inner " webbed members "? ch 2 wrap up
CHORD
A structural member that transmits a COMPRESSIVE FORCE along a STRAIGHT PATH in the direction of that member is? pg 38
COLUMN
A structural member that transmits a compressive force along a straight path in the direction of the member? ch 2 wrap up
COLUMN
Built up of different parts, pieces, or materials? ch 2 wrap up
COMPOSITE
A wall composed of two or more masonry materials that react together under load? Ch 2 wrap up
COMPOSITE WALL
What is used in a building to cut the overall construction cost? pg 28
COMPOSITE WALLS
Direct pushing force, in line with the axis member; the opposite of tension? ch 2 wrap up
COMPRESSION
A load acting on a very small area of the structures surface; the exact opposite of a distributed load? ch 2 wrap up
CONCENTRATED LOAD
A beam supported at 3 three or more points. Considered structurally advantageous because if the span between two supports is overloaded, the rest of the beam assists in carrying the load? Ch 2 wrap up
CONTINOUS BEAM
What type of beam is supported at 3 or more points? pg 31
CONTINOUS BEAM
No external braces involved; bracing is done within the core of the structure? ch 2 wrap up
CORE CONSTRUCTION
Any wall at right angles to any other wall; the walls should brace one another? ch 2 wrap up
CROSS WALL
What are shallow foundations used to support smaller buildings and those on stronger soils? pg 69
Footings
Why is it important for firefighters to be able to read building plans and specifications? pg 86
For preplanning purposes and to assist in firefighting efforts
What is the term used to describe the mold that shapes the concrete? pg 327
Formwork
What type of collapse of a building floors in which one end of the floor is still supported? pg 432
Lean-to-floor collapse ** A TRIANGULAR VOID SPACE IS CREATED **
REPEATED LOADS are best described how to a building? pg 21
Loads that are applied intermittently
The uniform LIVE LOAD column refers to what load? pg 15
Loads that are distributed over the entire area
Type V construction includes six types of wood frame structures that includes? pg 220
Log cabins Post and Frame Balloon Frame Platform Frame Plank and Beam Truss Frame
A very large structure? ch 2 wrap up
MEGASTRUCTURE
A unit for measuring the energy release rate of a fire? ch 2 wrap up
MEGAWATT (mw)
The tendency of a force to rotate or twist a structural member? ch 2 wrap up
MOMENT
A structural system that utilizes special " moment " connections between columns and beams to resist rotation due to lateral loads such as earthquakes and wind? ch 2 wrap up
MOMENT FRAME
A construction technique in which all successive poured concrete castings are joined together so that the structure seems to be like one piece of stone? ch 2 wrap up
MONOLITHIC CONCRETE
Built-up members are? pg 284
Made up of different sections riveted, bolted, or welded together.
A short column of masonry, usually rectangular in horizontal cross section, used to support other structural members? ch 2 wrap up
PIER
What type of columns are SHORT? pg 39
PIERS COLUMNS
A masonry column projecting from one or both faces of the wall in which it is located? ch 2 wrap up
PILASTER
A description for structural elements that are connected by simple connectors such as bolts, rivets, or welded joints? ch 2 wrap up
PINNED
Design based on connections that redirect overloads to other sections of the buildings? ch 2 wrap up
PLASTIC DESIGN
Heavy riveting of girders to columns from the top to the bottom of the frame? ch 2 wrap up
PORTAL BRACING
A concrete member that is cast and cured in a place other than its final position in the structure? ch 2 wrap up
PRECAST
A type of wall that acts as a vertical cantilever when it is being erected and is braced by tormentors or temporary bracing poles? ch 2 wrap up
PRECAST CONCRETE TILT SLAB WALL
What type of collapse is a particular hazard in the construction of concrete frame buildings? pg 21
PROGRESSIVE COLLAPSE
What type of collapse in a building consist of each floor (roof) laying flat on top of the one below? pg 432
Pancake Collapse
What terms are used to describe non-load bearing enclosing walls on framed buildings? pg 42
Panel Walls Curtain Walls
What is the difference between Panel Walls and Curtain Walls? pg 42
Panel Walls : ONE story in height Curtain Walls: MORE THAN ONE STORY
The process of covering a masonry wall with a thin coat of concrete? pg 247
Parging ( Pargetting )
What type of collapse results from a failure of a portion of the building? pg 431
Partial collapse ( also called a LOCALIZED COLLAPSE )
What type of NON-LOAD BEARING walls subdivide areas of a floor? pg 43
Partition Walls
A water-soluble mixture used in the past as mortar; when water is applied, the mortar can be washed away from the wall? ch 2 wrap up
SAND-LIME MORTAR
What are the 2 types of fire door closure devices? pg 154
SELF CLOSING AUTOMATIC
A type of floor in which floor girders are set on anchor boxes in walls and caps attached to columns. A wood cleat or steel dog-iron similar to a big staple is used to provide minimal stability. Often used in heavy-timber construction? ch 2 wrap up
SELF-RELEASING FLOOR
Another term for dead load? ch 2 wrap up
SELF-WEIGHT
A curving wall? ch 2 wrap up
SERPENTINE WALL
Forces occurring within a building member when opposing forces pull the member in opposite directions? ch 2 wrap up
SHEAR
When opposing forces pull the member of a building in opposite directions is called? pg 13
SHEAR FORCE
A wall that counteracts the effects of lateral loads such as wind and earthquakes? ch 2 wrap up
SHEAR WALL
What is installed in buildings to resist lateral loads from wind and earthquakes? pg 22
SHEAR WALLS
A beam supported at two points near its ends. In simple beam construction, the load is delivered to the two reaction points and the rest of the structure renders no assistance in an overload? ch 2 wrap up
SIMPLE BEAM
What type of beam is supported at 2 points near its end? pg 31
SIMPLE BEAM
What is the generic term that it used to describe the collective group of solid and liquid particulates and gases? pg 139
SMOKE
A three dimensional pyramid-like truss? ch 2 wrap up
SPACEFRAME
A girder that ties wall columns together in a framed building? ch 2 wrap up
SPANDREL GIRDER
What type of beam carries the load on the EXTERIOR of a framed building between the top of one window and the bottom of the window above? pg 32
SPANDREL GIRDER
What type of columns are fail by CRUSHING? pg 39
SQUAT COLUMNS
What can be an area of refuge for evacuating fire fighters in heavy timber buildings even if the rest of the building collapse? pg 231
STAIR SHAFTS
What is the most important metal used in building construction? pg 312
STEEL
What metal has tensile strength equal to its compressive strength? pg 283
STEEL
An open web design used for the support of floors and roofs? ch 2 wrap up
STEEL JOIST
The STANDARD METHOD TEST OF SURFACE BURNING CHARACTERISTICS OF BUILDING MATERIALS is commonly referred to as? pg 150
STEINER TUNNEL TEST and, ASTM-E 84 and UL 723
The capacity of a member or framework to resist imposed loads without excessive deflection? ch 2 wrap up
STIFFNESS
The actual percentage of elongation ( deformation ) when a material is stressed? ch 2 wrap up
STRAIN
Force per unit area that produces a deformation? ch 2 wrap up
STRESS
The internal forces that resist the load are called? pg 13
STRESS AND STRAIN
A masonry unit laid horizontally with its length in the direction of the face of the wall? ch 2 wrap up
STRETCHER
Components of a structure that include beams, trusses, columns, arches, and walls? ch 2 wrap up
STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
All members of a structure that are tied together to carry the imposed loads to the substructure, and hence to the ground? ch 2 wrap up
STRUCTURAL FRAME
A bracing column? ch 2 wrap up
STRUT
What are some other names to describe NONVERTICLE COLUMNS? pg 38
STRUTS or RAKERS ** they are diagonal columns **
A simple beam, with one or both ends suspended on a tension member such as a chain, cable, or rod? ch 2 wrap up
SUSPENDED BEAM
A hanging load supported from above? ch 2 wrap up
SUSPENEDED LOAD
What are the 3 methods a Fire door may close? pg 154
SWINGING SLIDING ROLLING
What represents the ratio of strength of a material just before failure? pg 27
Safety Factor
What is the most important consideration in prefire planning? pg 417
Safety of fire fighters
Another name for Fine Aggregate is? pg 318
Sand
The exterior of the structural members of garden apartments are made of what type of materials? pg 363
Solid masonry Brick Veneer over PLATFORM wood frame Partially solid masonry Wood
What gives smoke its opaqueness? pg 129
Solid particles typically CARBON
This term describes the loss of surface material when concrete or stone is subject to heat? pg 321
Spalling
Interior bearing walls are a must in masonry buildings when? pg 268
Spans greater than 25 feet
What can be considered the most dangerous of all structural members for firefighters? pg 206
Wood-I-Joist Lightweight wood Trusses
Pintles are often used to connect what? pg 261
Wooden columns end to end
SAWN BEAM in Legacy construction has been replaced by? pg 205
Wooden-I-Beam (COMPOSITE WOOD JOIST)
Elongation in steel at an ordinary fire takes place when? pg 283
fire temperatures of ( about 1000 degrees )
When hot unburned fuel gases at the ceiling layer suddenly ignite is called? pg 114
flameover
How far must a person travel within a fire rated corridor in a building without an automatic fire sprinkler system? pg 103
generally a maximum of 200 feet **BUILDINGS WITH FIRE SPRINKLERS MAY HAVE INCREASED TRAVEL DISTANCE LIMITATIONS**
What is the fourth cause of fire fighter deaths? pg 439
Burning building collapse
what term describes the column of the flames? pg 113
Fire Plume
On I-beams what are used as "firestopping"? pg 206
cut off ends of I-beams
What does a fire code regulate? ch 3 pg 66
Activities that takes place in existing buildings, including maintenance of fire protection systems
How many floors is typically the limit for platform frame buildings? pg 196
3 stories
How long does the UL pressure test treated wood? pg 209
30 minutes
Requirements for areas of refuge for disabled people in multistory buildings is what regulation? ch 3 pg 67
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
What type of wood panel has all strands laid at right angles, but the strands are much smaller (3-4 inches)?
(OSB Board) **cheaper than plywood**
What shall be the distance of a collapse zone? pg 439
1 1/2 times the height of the wall
How long are fire partitions typically rated for? pg 153
1 hour and are used to create fire resistive corridors, and to separate tenant spaces in covered mall buildings
How long are fire barriers typically rated for and their uses? pg 153
1 to 2 hours. Used to enclose shafts, exit stairwells, and Horizontal exits, to separate spaces from certain hazards
Non-combustible buildings are likely to be what heights in stories? pg 310
1 to 3 stories with a maximum being 12 stories in height
What are the 3 methods of heat transfer? pg 111
1. CONDUCTION 2. CONVECTION 3. RADIATION
What four 4 essential elements necessary for a fire? pg 111
1. Fuel 2. Oxidizing agent 3. Heat 4. Uninhibited chemical chain reaction
What are the 3 ways in which interior finish may increase the fire hazard? pg 118
1. Increase fire extension by surface flame spread 2. generate smoke and toxic gases 3. May add fuel to the fire, contributing to flashover
What are some of the numerous ways that connections fail? pg 49
1. Masonry walls shifting outward, dropping joist 2. Beams that rest on small bearing areas in the walls 3. Temporary field bolting of steel on a high wind day 4. Steel connectors rust 5. Concrete disintegrates
What are some examples of non-load bearing walls? pg 41
1. Veneer Walls 2. Panel Walls 3. Curtain Walls 4. Partition Walls
What are some approaches to controlling a fast fire growth? pg 128
1. eliminating high flame spread surfaces 2. separating material from the source of combustion 3. cutting off the extension of the fire 4. coating the material
What is the distance needed for collapse zones? pg 253
1.5 times the height of the structure
What should be the initial pump pressure into a sprinkler system? pg 238
100 pounds per square inch ( PSI )
What degree does elongation take place in steel? pg 309
1000* degree
When STEEL is heated to what does it elongate 9.5 inches? pg 50
1000* degree fahrenheit
what is the ignition temperature of carbon monoxide?pg 267
1128* F ( 609* C )
What is the flammability range of carbon Monoxide?pg 267
12.5 to 74%
At what temperature will aluminum melt? pg 115
1200 degrees
In a building what is the most important to have in service? pg 229
An automatic sprinkler system with a water flow alarm and an alarm connected to the fire department
What should be the maximum pump pressure if a confirmed fire with a sprinkler system is used? pg 238
150 pounds per square inch ( PSI )
How are Cavity or Hollow walls built? pg 44
2 (two) Wythes separated by a space for rain drainage or insulation
How many phases does an elevator operate under fire conditions? pg 105
2 Phase
Sprinkler systems are hydrostatically tested after installation for how long? pg 165
2 hours at 200 psi
How long are fire walls typically rated for? pg 153
2 to 4 hours
How far of a distance at a high rise should an incident commander establish for falling glass? pg 85
200 foot safety zone around the entire building
Materials with what smoke developed RATINGS can be expected to generate substantial amounts of smoke? pg 150
300 or more
How many days for concrete to obtain its full strength?pg 317
28 days
What are the usual height limits for garden apartments? pg 363
3 Three stories
A master stream will add an additional LIVE LOAD of how much to a building? Pg 20
4 TONS EVERY MINUTE
How do building codes define underground buildings? pg 406
An occupied level at least 30 feet below the level of "exit discharge "
If occupants in high-rise buildings can't be completely evacuated in high rise buildings what location should they be placed? pg 414
5 five floors below the fire
Carbon monoxide in concealed places can be how many times greater than what it would be in the open? pg 267
50 times greater
When pressurized concrete erupts it can send chunks of flying concrete how far? pg 345
6 - 12 inches in the air
A buildings life-span is approximately? pg 439
75 -100 years
What percentage of a building code deals with fire safety? pg 94
75%
Steel cables using tensioning concrete, excavation tiebacks, and elevator cables will all fail at what temperature? pg 309
800* degree
When STEEL is heated to 1000* degree Fahrenheit how far does it elongate? pg 50
9.5 inches
what type of collapse is it when an entire wall fails as one unit? pg 434
90* degree wall collapse
A line of COLUMNS in any direction are called? pg 38
A BENT
Another name for an external force that acts on a structure is called? pg 13
A Load
In a building, what works to destroy the gravity resistance of the structure? pg 13
A Load
Another name for a FREESTANDING MASONRY load carrying column is? pg 38
A PILLAR
What is a short column with a large cross section in proportion to its length is called? pg 321
A Pier
Cast-Iron columns are to be topped by? pg 261
A Pintle ( Solid Iron Pin )
In ordinary construction what separates the top floor ceiling from the roof? pg 245
A cockloft ( void space )
Structural failure is often due to what? pg 49
A failure of the CONNECTIONS
What type of force is a compressive force? pg 13
A force that squeezes a structural member
What type of building is understood to be a building with a skeleton of beams and columns? pg 192
A framed building
At the floor line of a ballon construction what is nailed to the floor? pg 195
A horizontal board called a ribbon board ** Nailed to the Studs and the joist rest on the ribbon board **
What is a vertical shaft with windows that provides light and ventilation to enclosed rooms? pg 262
A light well
Breakable glass are sometimes marked with what? pg 79
A maltese cross for identification purposes
What is an inspection essentially? pg 5
A policing function
What is an example of a CONCENTRATED LIVE LOAD? pg 23
A safe
When trusses are extended out as cantilevers or as continuos beams? pg 204
A serious threat to life safety
What is an example of a CONCENTRATED DEAD LOAD? pg 23
A steel beam resting on a masonry wall
What are cornices? pg 268
A structure of wood, metal, metal over wood, or masonry that tops the wall and projects from it
What describes a QUEEN POST TRUSS? pg 36
A truss that has TWO ( 2 ) COMPRESSION MEMBERS
What type of Collapse is it when one end of the collapsed floor is supported by an interior wall, creating two void spaces? pg 434
A-frame floor collapse ( Tent Collapse ) ** 2 VOID SPACES **
what are the liquid particulates of smoke? pg 129
ACROLEIN and HALOGEN ACIDS
Bricks that are made of clay, water, and straw, and are dried in the sun? pg 246
ADOBE
What type of load is PERPENDICULAR to the plane of a section? pg 24
AN AXIAL LOAD
What type of load is PERPENDICULAR to the plane of a section BUT DOES NOT pass through the center of the section? pg 25
AN ECCENTRIC LOAD
What combines the function of beam and a column? Ch 2 wrap-up
ARCH
What are the 2 most important test standards referenced by building codes? pg 94
ASTM ( american society testing materials Standard test method for fire tests of building construction.
The term that describes vertical or horizontal orientation? Ch 2 wrap-up
ATTITUDE
When large quantities of radiation is applied to a combustible material what does that cause? pg 112
AUTOIGNITION
What type of load passes through the centroid of a section under construction and is perpendicular to the plane of the section? Ch 2 wrap-up
AXIAL LOAD
What type of load are TRUSSES able to support? pg 34
AXIAL LOADS
A residential structure will be designed for a floor load of? pg 53
About 30 - 40 psi
The attack stairwell in high-rise buildings should be located where? pg 414
Above the fire floor
What type of eco-friendly material is a composite material made of clay, sand, and earth, that is baled into bricks? pg 351
Adobe
what 3 factors should be considered if it is a possibility that a building may collapse? pg 439
Age of the building Abandonment Lightweight construction
what is the name of the material that is mixed with cement to make concrete? pg 318
Aggregate
Steel members have 2 legs at right angles to one another. They are L shaped in cross-sections? pg 284
Angles
What does a prefire analysis allow us to do? pg 5
Anticipate problems
How are STATIC LOADS applied to a building? pg 21
Applied slowly and remain constant
The CONCENTRATED LOAD refers to what? pg 15
Applies to specific large objects
Sometimes bow-string trusses are known as what? pg 264
Arched Trusses
How can fire be defined? pg 111
As a rapid oxidation (chemical) reaction that produces heat and visible light
Stone that is cut into rectangular units? pg 246
Ashlar masonry
What type of siding is also known as Gasoline siding? pg 212
Asphalt felt siding ** Looks like brick or stone **
When a LONG, SLENDER column fails by buckling what happens? pg 39
Assumes an " S " shape
When does cold drawn steel such as cables used for bracing and tension fail? pg 85
At 800* F
Where is the column narrow at in a rigid frame? pg 287
At the base
Where is the column the widest point at in a rigid frame? pg 287
At the top where it meets the roof rafter
In Mill Construction One-story sawtooth has set of windows located where? pg 227
At the vertical portion of each Tooth
The vertical spread of fire on the exterior of a multistory building from one floor to the floor above is? pg 112
Autoexposure
Lightweight steel truss joist? Ch 2 wrap-up
BAR JOIST
A structural member that transmits forces perpendicular to such forces to the reaction points? Ch 2 wrap-up
BEAM
The distribution of loads along a beam refers to what? pg 34
BEAM LOADING
A line of columns in any direction? Ch 2 wrap-up
BENT
A structural system that uses diagonal members to provide bracing against lateral wind and earthquake loads? Ch 2 wrap-up
BRACED FRAME
Diagonal member that supports what would otherwise be a cantilever? Ch 2 wrap up
BRACKET
In a building what is a diagonal member that is used for supporting? pg 32
BRACKET
a coke by product that is no longer used in concrete is?pg 318
BREEZE
Consists of an exterior with of brick directly mortared or parked to an inner with of concrete masonry unit (CMU)? Ch 2 wrap up
BRICK AND BLOCK COMPOSITE WALL
The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 pound of water 1*F at the pressure of 1 atmosphere and temperature of 60* F? Ch 2 wrap up
BRITISH THERMAL UNIT (BTU)
The amount of heat required to raise a pound of water one degree fahrenheit is called? pg 25
BTU
What is the basic measurement of caloric value? pg 25
BTU
Made of steel plates and angles riveted together, as distinguished from one rolled from one piece of steel.
BUILT UP GIRDER
Mass of masonry built against a wall to strengthen it. Necessary when a vault or an arch places a heavy load or thrust on one part of a wall? Ch 2 wrap up
BUTTRESS
What is the burning of heated gaseous products of combustion when oxygen is introduced into an environment whose oxygen supply has been depleted will cause burning with an EXPLOSION FORCE? pg 115
Backdraft
Any wooden building built before 1940 and more than one story high was probably of what type of construction? pg 195
Ballon Construction
Sometimes called Eastern Framing? pg 193
Ballon Frame
What are some eco-friendly materials from the environment? pg 351
Bamboo Adobe Straw bale
What are plates fewer than 6 inches in width? pg 284
Bars
What type of wall is the most stable? pg 439
Bearing Wall
Why are party walls thinner than two separate walls? pg 271
Because the joist of both buildings are supported on the same wall.
Type 1 ( FIRE RESISTIVE ) construction buildings are the most stable to fight a fire in because? pg 344
Best collapse resistance
Sewage water is termed what type of water? pg 354
Black Water
Firefighters should not pass through a fire door without? pg 156
Blocking it
what type of siding is laid on the building vertically, butt to butt? pg 212
Board and Batten Siding
what is used between each slab of concrete so there is no adhesion? pg 320
Bond Breaker
What are large hollow columns built from steel plates? pg 284
Box Columns
What are square or rectangular steel girders that are hollow and used to support other beams in buildings? pg 284
Box Girders
What are another basic sign that a wall is in distress? pg 255
Braced Walls
What is the greatest use of brick veneer walls? Pg 42
Brick Veneer on wood frame
What method is used to keep joist erect and to help share the loading placed on the floor? pg 199
Bridging ( cross bracing )
The flame spread characteristics of interior finishes are regulated how? pg 120
Building Codes
What regulates the construction of a building? pg 93
Building Codes
What greatly influences the fire growth and spread? pg 115
Building Construction
Building plans provide all of the details needed to obtain what? pg 68
Building Permit and to construct the building
What is prepared by using a scale and are drawings used to construct a structure? pg 68
Building Plans, often called blueprints
What is the generally accepted definition of a high-rise? pg 376
Building beyond the reach of an Aerial ladder equipment
What regulates the actual design and construction of new buildings, as well as, the level and amount of fire protection in a new structure? ch 3 pg 66
Building code
If the end of the cutoff web on a TEES beam is thickened what is it called? pg 285
Bulbtee
What is a masonry structure that is built on the outside surface of the wall? pg 44
Buttresses
What other ways are used to stabilize a wall? pg 255
Buttresses or Masses of masonry outside wall Pilasters or columns built inside wall Wall columns, built within the wall
How can you increase the load carrying capacity of a column? pg 40
By Bracing
How does hollow and cavity walls limit penetrations? pg 251
By Rain
In Mill Construction the roofs of thick spliced or laminated Planks are supported how? pg 227
By beams or timber arches and trusses
How is impregnation of wood achieved? pg 208
By placing the wood in a vacuum chamber and drawing out moisture from its cells and forcing mineral salts into the wood
what is the safest and most effective way to attack a fire in a balloon frame structure? pg 218
By removing the exterior siding
During excavation soil walls are protected against collapse how? pg 69
By using: Crosslot Bracing Rakers Tiebacks
The abbreviation used for the steel member channels is? pg 286
C: Channels
What type of collapse is it when one end of the floor is still supported while the other end is unsupported? pg 434
Cantilever Floor Collapse
A freestanding wall that is unsecured at the top? pg 246
Cantilever Wall
When wind increases its velocity between 2 closely spaced buildings what type of effect does this have? pg 383
Canyon Effect
What is the most prevalent of the toxic fire gases in smoke? pg 129
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
A wooden-walled building is actually a wall-bearing building that? pg 192
Carries the load of the structure and the CONTENTS
In Mill Construction what is sometimes built into the wall to receive the end of the girder? pg 227
Cast iron Box
what are the 2 types of in-concrete construction? pg 346
Cast-in-place Pre-cast concrete
what are the two basic types of concrete construction? pg 318
Cast-in-place Precast concrete
what is a wide flange beams that have been cut in half in a zig-zag pattern and then welded back together offset, creating new, deeper beams? pg 284
Castellated Beams
By what means during a heated fire do both Reinforced and Steel buildings begin to fail by? pg 345
Caused by Spalling
Hollow walls in which wythes are tied together with steel ties or masonry trusses? pg 246
Cavity Walls
What is often misused as a generic name for any low density fiberboard? pg 211
Celotex
what is a component of concrete? pg 316
Cement
what type of material is non-combustible and is often used for friable construction? pg 288
Cement asbestos board
The term that describes: the cutting of the corners of a timber to retard ignition? pg 192
Chamfer
What is the key point to remember about balloon frame structures? pg 217
Channels are between the studs Open from the cellar to the attic *** NO FIRESTOPS ** Tall and Narrow windows
What type of material are sometimes used for the floors of mobile homes? pg 211
Chipboards (particle board)
What is a critical factor for all fire departments? pg 3
Clear communication
What type of composite material is composed of clay, straw, sand, and earth; typically laid in courses? pg 351
Cob
What time of the season is stack effect in a high rise building most significant? pg 383
Cold Climates in the winter time
What is the greatest threat on the fireground? pg 439
Collapse
When it comes to columns what is the Fire resistance test concerned with? pg 146
Collapse
What are the problems that the fire departments face regarding concrete construction? pg 318
Collapse during construction with no fire Fire during construction Fire in completed, occupied buildings
What is the function of an ARCH of a building? pg 45
Combines the function of the BEAM and the COLUMN
What is the largest and most serious concealed space in ordinary construction? pg 272
Common cockloft between the highest ceiling and the roof
What is the lifeblood of any fire response? pg 428
Communication
What makes wood construction safe? pg 216
Complete automatic fire sprinkler protection
The combustibility of wood can be dealt with how? pg 220
Complete automatic sprinkler protection
A building under construction is more dangerous than? pg 86
Completed structure
Reinforced concrete is what type of material? pg 342
Composite Material
These columns use steel and concrete combined into one unit? pg 318
Composite and combination columns
What type of loads are located at one point in a building? pg 23
Concentrated Loads
Caissons are typically constructed of what type of material? pg 69
Concrete
Cement is a component of what? pg 78
Concrete
what has weak tensile strength and has poor shear resistance? pg 316
Concrete ** ITS COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH IS GOOD **
what type of heat is described as heat moving from one object to another in direct contact? pg 112
Conductive Heat
what process describes the pouring concrete continuously as forms move upward so that continuous casting may be accomplished? pg 319
Continous Slipforming
what process describes the process for casting or pouring concrete without interruptions form start to finish? pg 319
Continous casting
what helps with the detrimental effect of the heat and helps maintain the structural integrity of the building? pg 309
Cooling the steel
The masonry cap on top of a wall? pg 246
Coping
In Mill Construction sometimes the Beams are set on what? pg 227
Corbelled Brick shelf
A projecting decorative ledge at the top of a masonry wall?pg 246
Cornice
What type of wall is a right angle to any other wall? pg 42
Cross Wall
What type of collapse is it when the walls fall straight down and is often associated with BRICK VENEER non-load bearing buildings? Usually limited to wood frame structures. pg 435
Curtain Wall collapse
What type of walls carry no weight and are non-load bearing walls? pg 192
Curtain Walls ** INSTALLED ONLY TO KEEP OUT WEATHER **
Typically thick concrete pads, blocks, or strips of concrete below the surface of the surrounding soil? pg 319
Footings
Wall with a fire resistive rating and structural stability that separates buildings or subdivides a building to prevent the spread of fire? ch 2 wrap up
FIRE WALL
The weight of a building, the weight of all materials of construction incorporated into a building, including but not limited to walls, floor, roofs, ceilings, stairways, and structural items, including the weight of cranes is? ch 2 wrap-up
DEAD LOAD
What term describes the weight of the building itself and any equipment permanently attached to it or built in? pg 14
DEAD LOAD
What type of loads can be accurately calculated? pg 15
DEAD LOADS
The deformation or displacement of a structural member as a result of loads acting on it? ch 2 wrap-up
DEFLECTION
What causes the top of a BEAM to shorten? pg 29
DEFLECTION
Wall bounding a tenant space? ch 2 wrap-up
DEMISING WALL
A floor designed to stiffen a building against wind and other lateral loads such as earthquakes? ch 2 wrap-up
DIAPHRAGM FLOOR
What is a clue that WOODEN PARALLEL CHORD TRUSSES are being used as roof rafters? pg 35
DORMER WINDOWS
What is a bending that combines both compression and tension? pg 82
Deflection
What type of sprinkler system has all the sprinklers open at all times? pg 161
Deluge System
What type of sprinkler does water flow from all sprinklers as soon as the system is activated? pg 161
Deluge system
what can be critical information that can be passed on the Incident commander that can be determined by using a thermal imager camera? pg 310
Determine the way the trusses run
What types of things are included in a preplan? Pg 4
Diagrams of the building Location of stairs and utilities Hazard contents Fire Hydrant locations Fire protection systems
What type of energy does PV roof panels give off? pg 354
Direct Current ( DC ) electricity
What connect the girders in beam to column connections? pg 260
Dog Iron ( Scrap of Wood )
What is an example of a visual indicator of collapse? pg 429
Doorways stuck in shifted frame ( RACKED )
Where does the penetrating rain of an outer WYTHE drain too? pg 44
Down the cavity to WEEP HOLES at the bottom
What are the thicker sections of floor near columns to assist in resisting the natural tendency of the floor to shear off at the column? pg 319
Drop panels
What type of sprinklers are attached to piping that contains air or nitrogen under pressure? pg 161
Dry pipe systems
How do stone walls and interior walls lose their strength during a fire? pg 259
Due to Spalling
When do secondary collapse often occur? pg 432
During search and rescue operations
A force that is perpendicular to the plane of the section but does not pass through the center of the section? ch 2 wrap up
ECCENTRIC LOAD
Very LONG, THIN COLUMNS are know as? pg 39
EULER'S LAW COLUMNS
The joisted floor found in Legacy construction has one advantage over the truss and it is? pg 204
Each Joist acts as a Firestop
What is the one notable issue with Stadia dwellings? pg 400
Egress travel distances
what are some of the potential hazards associated with pv roof panels? pg 354
Electric Shock Dead load on the roof Hazardous Materials in the modules Batteries to store the generated electricity
what is an adhesive used to join the wood truss together? pg 203
Finger Joint
Bringing a wall through the roof line limits what? pg 367
Fire Advancement
What consist of a phase 1 operation of an elevator? pg 105
Elevators are recalled to a specific floor by the activation of a smoke detector located in an elevator lobby of a floor
What type of Lumber has tongues and grooves at the ends? pg 192
End Matched Lumber
How is wood joist in a masonry wall given a FIRE CUT? pg 51
End of joist is cut off at an ANGLE to permit the joist to fall out the wall without damaging the wall
Wood that is modified from its natural state or lumber combined to make elements is? pg 192
Engineered Wood
When fresh air drawn into the fire from the doorway and is drawn into the fire itself is called? pg 114
Entrainment
what are made and intended to limit the combustible void area in the attic to which fire can access? pg 368
Fire Barriers draft stops
What regulates the use of the building after it is built? pg 93
Fire Codes
Fire codes call for fire fighter access doors to be what distance in a high piled stock warehouses? pg 412
Every 100 feet
How often are building and fire codes updated? pg 93
Every 3 years by the NFPA
Steel tie rods and tendons of prestressed concrete will lose it tensile strength at what temperatures? pg 342
Excess of 800* degrees
The use of concrete in Type II construction is typically limited to where? pg 283
Exterior walls and shaft enclosures
What is the chief common characteristic of ordinary construction? pg 243
Exterior walls are made of masonry
What is the chief common characteristic of ordinary construction? Pg 279
Exterior walls are made of masonry with combustible frame members
The end of a joist that is cut at an angle to permit the joist to fall out of a wall without damaging the land bearing wall? ch 2 wrap up
FIRE CUT
The potential fuel available for a fire in a building? ch 2 wrap up
FIRE LOAD
The ability of a material to avoid ignition, combustion, and the thermal effects of fire? ch 2 wrap up
FIRE RESISTANCE
HVAC systems passing through fire resistive assemblies must be provided with? pg 153
Fire Dampers
Beam supported at two points and rigidly held in position at both points. This rigidity may cause collapse of a wall if the beam collapses and the rigid connection does not yield properly? ch 2 wrap up
FIXED BEAM
What type of beam is supported at 2 points and is RIGIDLY held in position at both points? pg 31
FIXED BEAM
Made by sandwiching a piece of steel between two wooden beams? ch 2 wrap up
FLITCH PLATE GIRDER
The lower division of a building that serves to transmit and anchor the loads from the superstructure directly to its earth or rock, usually below ground level? ch 2 wrap up
FOUNDATION
Ornamental star cables for wall support are proven to fail at what temperature? pg 256
Fail at 800* degrees
What is the one common deficiency in ranch style dwellings? pg 399
Failure to place a heat detector in the attic
What is used to support (and form) poured concrete during the curing process? pg 72
Falsework
What the term used to describe a temporary structure erected to support concrete work in the course of construction? pg 327
Falsework
For many years, what type of foundations and walls are used in residential buildings? pg 70
Fieldstone
A wall, floor, or column assembly that has been tested in a standard manner to determine the length of time for which it remains structurally stable or resists the passage of fire is? pg 144
Fire Resistance Rating
what type of construction is considered to be the best and most resistance to collapse? pg 316
Fire Resistive construction
Fire operations in High-rise buildings primarily takes place where? pg 414
Fire floor Floor Above Two floors below the fire
What describes the 2 way relationship between building construction and fire behavior? pg 113
Fire is influenced by the building and the building reacts to the effects of a fire. TYPICALLY BOTH REACTIONS HAPPEN AT THE SAME TIME
what type of construction uses concrete or fire protected steel as a structural system? pg 316
Fire resistive-Construction
What is the major problem of combustible construction? pg 220
Fire spreading through hidden voids
What are another critical means of providing fire protection? pg 186
Fire suppression and Detection Systems
what type of construction does not contribute fuel to a fire? pg 316
Fire-Resistive construction
What type of construction has MODERATE to heavy fire resistance for its structural members? pg 282
Fire-resistive Construction
What consist of a Phase 2 operation of an elevator? pg 105
Firefighter selects one of the elevators in a group of elevators to access the upper floors
What prevents the spread of fire by preventing the movement of flame, hot gases, and smoke to other areas of the building? pg 206
Firestopping draftstopping
A steel plate sandwiched between two solid sawn wood joists, or plywood are? pg 211
Fitch Plate Girders
What ratings are concerned with the rate at which fire spreads over the surface of material? pg 149
Flame spread
Another term for a fire rollover is? pg 114
Flameover
What is the last warning sign just before a flashover? pg 134
Flameover or rollover
What is the flammability and ignition temperature range of CARBON MONOXIDE (CO )? pg 204
Flammability: 12.5 - 74% Ignition Temp: 1128F
In I-beams what are the bottom and top of the I called? pg 284
Flanges and the Stem is called the Web
Residential sprinkler systems are intended to limit what? pg 167
Flashover and to hold a contents fire until the occupants can escape
A cast-in-place floor in which there are no beams supported by columns? pg 319
Flat plate structural system
A masonry pier at a distance from the wall and connected to it. Such buttresses resist the outward thrust of the roof. They are used mostly in Gothic architecture? pg 246
Flying buttress
What type of streams lack the velocity and penetration power to be effective to cover the interior surfaces of heavy timber structures? pg 238
Fog Streams
What type of wall is the least stable and the most dangerous? pg 439
Freestanding Wall
PILASTERS are masonry columns that project how? pg 44
From ONE or BOTH faces of the wall in which they are located
How will a 2 hour fire rated wall typically run? pg 103
From an exterior wall to exterior wall on an individual floor of a building.
Where is it best to ladder a building that has pv roof panels? pg 358
From the North side of the building to access the roof
What is the best defense against a raging fire in an old mill heavy timber construction? pg 238
Functioning Fire sprinkler System
Fire Dampers are mechanically operated by the use of what? pg 153
Fusible Links that drops a metal CURTAIN or BLADE inside blocking the passage of fire
Another name for a gusset plate in a lightweight wood truss? ch 2 wrap up
GANG NAIL
A beam that supports other beams? ch 2 wrap up
GIRDER
What is any type of beam that is made of any type of material that supports other beams? pg 32
GIRDER
A connection that depends on the weight of the building to hold it in place? ch 2 wrap up
GRAVITY CONNECTION
All of the structural elements of a building and the connections that support and transfer the loads? ch 2 wrap up
GRAVITY RESISTANCE SYSTEM
A series of closely spaced beams designed to carry a particularly heavy load? ch 2 wrap up
GRILLAGE
What is a series of CLOSELY SPACED BEAMS designed to carry a heavy load. pg 32
GRILLAGE
(Lightweight wood truss) Connecting plate made of a thin sheet of steel used to connect the components of the truss? ch 2 wrap up
GUSSET PLATE
What type of collapse is it when the building shifts in the upper levels, leaning into adjacent buildings? pg 435
Lean over collapse
Light gauge galvanized steel gusset plates are also known as? pg 202
Gang Nails **The smallest teeth that holds the whole truss together**
Pre-fire planning is a document that is developed and used by responding personnel for? pg 9
Gathering general and detailed data to determine the resources and actions necessary to mitigate anticipated emergencies at a specific facility
On dry pipe sprinkler systems how do the gauges work? pg 161
Gauge on Top measures air pressure Gauge on bottom measures water pressure
Building codes have been concerned with? Ch 3 pg 66
General Fire Safety Life Safety of occupants during egress
What has twice the tensile strength of steel? pg 322
Glass fiber polymer reinforcing rods
What type of collapse results in the complete failure of the building? pg 431
Global ( Total ) collapse
What type of timbers are used to form large cross sections, longer lengths, or curved shapes? pg 192
Glued Laminated Timbers
Planks that are glued together to form a solid timber? pg 192
Glued Laminated timbers
What type of material is particularly subject to spalling (breaking off into chunks)? pg 77
Granite
What exerts great force on buildings 24/7? pg 53
Gravity
What is the eternal enemy of every building? pg 13
Gravity
What pulls down on the surrounding heavier air, colder air, causing the lighter, heated smoke of a fire to rise upwards? pg 132
Gravity
What type of water is wastewater from an industrial processes? pg 354
Gray Water
What is activated during an emergency stating that the elevators may be used for egress? pg 106
Green colored sign is illuminated
What type of construction is also known as sustainable construction? pg 350
Green construction
What is used widely in lightweight modern construction within a wood truss system? pg 50
Gusset Plates
What type of construction material does not yield heat when burned in pure oxygen? pg 366
Gypsum
What type of shape are STEEL COLUMNS? pg 39
H-SHAPED BOX SHAPED CYLINDRICAL SHAPED
A masonry unit that overlaps two or more adjoining wythes of masonry to them together? ch 2 wrap up
HEADER
The rate at which the potential heat in a fuel is released? ch 2 wrap up
HEAT RELEASE RATE (HRR)
When describing wall construction, a wall that acts as one unit (good bonding exists between bricks blocks, and mortar). ch 2 wrap up
HOMOGENEOUS
Components of a hurricane resistance system that prevent uplift of the components of a structure, including galvanized steel straps used to connect roof trusses to stud walls and anchor bolts used to connect stud walls with sill and sole plates? ch 2 wrap up
HURRICANE BRACING
bricks laid so that the end is visible? pg 247
Header or bond course
what is a critical measurement of fire energy output? pg 126
Heat Release rates
What type of heat is the most important heat to be removed? pg 284
Heat being absorbed by Contents structural elements that will be ignited or caused to fail
Flames and hot gases exiting a window and passing up the side of a building, heating the window and objects on the room directly above potentially causing them to ignite is? pg 112
Heat that is transferred through a combination of radiation and convection
What dictates how a fire is spread? pg 111
Heat transfer
In steel Buildings where does the collapse happen during a heated fire? pg 345
Heated Concrete FLOORS EXPLODE upward
In reinforced concrete buildings where does the collapse happen during a heated fire? pg 345
Heated concrete CEILINGS
Pre-fire plans should call for what type of nozzle and stream to provide maximum reach to cover the interior surfaces of heavy timber structures? pg 238
Heavy Caliber smooth bore master streams
Lumber that is 8 inches or more in its smallest dimension? pg 192
Heavy Timber
SELF RELEASING FLOORS are often built in what type of buildings? pg 51
Heavy Timber Buildings
What type of construction is classified as TYPE IV? pg 233
Heavy Timber Construction
What type of construction often advance the term "SLOW BURNING"? pg 240
Heavy timber Construction
Mill Construction columns or Beams are usually? pg 226
Heavy timber with cast-iron connectors
After visible fire has been well controlled what indicates fire in a void? pg 275
Heavy volumes of boiling smoke in voids
What type of wall collapse more frequently than lower, less decorative ones? pg 440
High Ornate Parapet walls
at what higher temperature of steel members will they fail bringing about collapse of the structure? pg 312
Higher temperatures above 1300* degrees
Two wither of masonry with an air space between. the wythes are tied together or bonded with masonry?pg 247
Hollow Masonry walls
What is the best way to be effective and efficient in firefighting when it relates to ventilation of green buildings? pg 358
Horizontal Ventilation ** Allows us to bypass the roof all together **
What direction does draftstopping stop movement? pg 206
Horizontal movement
In what direction on the building are Novelty siding laid on a building? pg 212
Horizontally
What type of shape are STEEL BEAMS? pg 39
I-SHAPED
What type of stairs are particularly vulnerable on their underside? pg 430
I-stair
The effect of a moving load upon a stationary structure? ch 2 wrap up
IMPACT LOAD
What type of loads are delivered in a short period of time? pg 19
IMPACT LOADS
What type of columns can fail either way? pg 39
INTERMEDIATE COLUMNS
A truss incorporating a single compression member; it is inverted because the compression member extends downward? ch 2 wrap up
INVERTED KING POST TRUSS
What part of a building carries some part of the structure in addition to the weight of the wall itself? pg 41
Load bearing walls
What does pre-fire analysis consist of? pg 9
Identifying specific construction issues/concerns and interactions
When should you expect a massive fire in a heavy timber construction? pg 238
If there are concealed spaces that cannot be reached with hose streams
What happens when elevators are not to be used for egress during an emergency? pg 106
Illuminated Red color signs
Which regulation have more stringent requirements with regards to fire protection than adopted building and fire codes? ch 3 pg 67
Insurance Regulations
During collapse rescue, what is important for rescue teams to do first to rescue fire fighters trapped? pg 442
Important to sweep the collapsed area above the dropped ceiling with a hose line to knock down the flames and cool the area
How can wood be made fire retardant? pg 208
Impregnation with mineral salts
Where are green roofs that use grass planted in location to the roof? pg 358
In a layer of soil over a metal of roof
Building codes specify the levels of fire resistance how? pg 153
In hours and the number and type of penetrations permitted
where does the collapse danger lay when it comes to a serious fire in a fire-resistive building? pg 345
In the Concrete
How is compartmentation done in a building? pg 139
In the form of Fire Walls and Fire Partitions
Fireproofing of steel is classified as? pg 332
Individual Membrane
A structural members resistance to collapse by fire because of the nature of its material or assembly is? pg 144
Inherent Fire resistance
NFPA 13 is the standard for? pg 93
Installation of Sprinkler Systems
Which way is a building with a fire cut or a self releasing floor designed to collapse? pg 55
Inward
What type of collapse is it when the exterior wall falls horizontally, with the interior wall " folding horizontally". Top portion of building falls inward while the bottom half falls outward? pg 434
Inward outward collapse **BRACED-FRAME BUILDINGS ARE COMMON FOR THIS**
Of the 3 types of wood-frame building collapses, what is the most dangerous collapse? pg 420
Inward/Outward collapse
Structural steel in common use today is made of what? pg 85
Iron and Carbon
What is the EXIT ACCESS in a building? pg 101
Is the actual path from any point in a building to a fire rated stairwell or outdoors
What is the EXIT DISCHARGE in a building? pg 101
Is the outside door to a public way (ex. the street, public sidewalk)
What is the EXIT in a building? pg101
Is the rated stairwell or exit passage way, Connects a stairwell to the exterior of the building.
What is the fundamental purpose of a sprinkler system? pg 184
Is to hit the incipient fire with enough water to control it
Secondary collapse often occurs when ? pg 431
Loads shift after a primary collapse
What are the 3 negative characteristics in a fire of todays common used structural steel? pg 85
It conducts heat It elongates when heated It fails at about 1000 - 1100*F
What describes an INVERTED KING POST TRUSS? pg 36
It has a SINGLE COMPRESSION MEMBER that extends downward
What is one of the most important aspects of a fire door? pg 154
Its ability to close and latch closed
A beam? ch 2 wrap up
JOIST
What type of beam is often made of wood? pg 32
JOIST
A MONOLITHIC CONCRETE structure is one in which the successive poured castings are? pg 49
Joined together so that the completed building is like one piece of stone
What are floor Beams? pg 192
Joist
An arrangement of braces between columns that resembles the letter " K "? ch 2 wrap up
K-BRACING
What is the name of the last stone set in place in a ARCH? pg 47
KEYSTONE
Metric unit approximately equivalent to one BTU? ch 2 wrap up
KILOJOULE (kj)
A unit for measuring the energy release rate of a fire? ch 2 wrap up
KILOWATT (kw)
1,000 pounds of force? ch 2 wrap up
KIP
A wall typically found in the top floor a wood-frame home with a peaked roof. This short wall " squares off " the triangular area at the edge of the room where the sloping roof meets the floor? ch 2 wrap up
KNEE WALL
What type of wall is typically found in the TOP FLOOR of a wood frame home with a PEAKED ROOF? pg 43
Knee wall
What is the critical point for standpipes? pg 185
Know the pressures and flow capabilities of all standpipe systems. *** A standard Hydraulic formula adds 25 psi and 5 psi per floor ***
The abbreviation used for the steel member Angles is? pg 286
L: Angles
A force that acts on a structure from a horizontal direction, such as wind or seismic forces? ch 2 wrap up
LATERAL IMPACT LOAD
A wood board typically attached to a wall's studs that is used to support wood joists. ch 2 wrap up
LEDGER BOARD
A collection of lightweight structural components joined in a triangular unit that can be used to support either floors or roofs? ch 2 wrap up
LIGHTWEIGHT TRUSS
The horizontal beam that forms the upper structural member of an opening for a window or door and supports part of the structure above it? ch 2 wrap up
LINTEL
What type of beam SPANS AN OPENING in a masonry wall? pg 32
LINTEL
What are used to support the DOWNWARD FORCE of the wall above them? pg 32
LINTELS
The weight of the building contents? ch 2 wrap up
LIVE LOAD
What are any loads other than DEAD LOADS? pg 15
LIVE LOADS
What type of loads are considered indeterminate? pg 15
LIVE LOADS
A heavy safe is an example of what type of load to a building? pg 21
LIVE STATIC LOAD **not a dead load**
Force or other action that results from the weight of all building materials, occupants and their possessions, environmental effects, differential movement, and restrained dimensional changes? ch 2 wrap up
LOAD
Any wall that carries a load in addition to its own weight? ch 2 wrap up
LOAD BEARING WALL
What type of columns fail by BUCKLING? pg 39
LONG, SLENDER COLUMNS
Steel pipes filled with concrete to increase their load-carry-capacity? pg 319
Lally Columns
What is the greatest concern of fire spread in a strip mall? Pg 404
Lateral Fire spread
what type of column is made of vertical units connected with diagonal pieces is called? pg 285
Lattice-column
In terms of wood frame construction, the use of solid wood members as opposed to lightweight wood trusses are called? pg 192
Legacy Construction
Fire resistance by itself is not specifically directed at ensuring? pg 146
Life Safety Smoke Control Dollar Loss
This is the type of construction in which the columns are erected to their full height? pg 319
Lift Slab
The greatest collapse danger to firefighters are? pg 430
Lightweight Construction
What is known as a hazard to firefighters, because of early collapse and the void is a reservoir for explosive carbon monoxide? pg 203
Lightweight wood truss floors
What type of walls will often have both HEADER and STRETCHER courses? pg 42
Load Bearing BRICK walls
What type of wall is more stable between a load bearing and non-load bearing wall?
Load Bearing because of the weight of the superimposed load.
What are the 2 TWO main divisions of a wall? pg 41
Load Bearing walls Non-load bearing walls
What type of standpipe system is connected to a small water supply for the purpose of maintaining water to supply an automatic sprinkler system? pg 178
Manual Wet
Often called piers, buttresses, plasters, or columns? They indicate where the wall is strongest? pg 247
Masonry Columns
Tongue and Grooved lumber (USUALLY LENGTHWISE)? pg 192
Matched Lumber
What type of doors are required for places of assembly, schools, and hospitals? pg 104
Means of Egress doors
Wind turbines capture kinetic energy from the wind and convert it into? pg 357
Mechanical Energy to drive a generator that converts it into direct electric energy
What have been installed on elevator car doors to prevent them from being opened from the inside? pg 382
Metal Angle irons
What are elevator door restrictors? Pg 106
Metal bars, used to prevent occupants stuck between floors from opening the car and shaft doors
If a multiple dwelling of ordinary construction have cock loft vents they are covered how? pg 245
Metal weather Shields
Preplanning is an important fire department function that will enable firefighters too? pg 9
Minimize surprises on the fireground by learning about potential problems ahead of time.
What other purpose can a thermal imaging camera be used for besides a search tool when it comes to steel being exposed to fire? pg 85
Monitor flame impingement on structural elements that are at high risk for their failure
what type of cast-in-place building is resistant to collapse? pg 339
Monolithic concrete Building
Joints are constructed by? pg 194
Mortise and Tenon
In hospitals and nursing homes what is the key to patient safety? pg 392
Move patients horizontally, rather than vertically
The planks on which the shores rest are called? pg 328
Mudsills
What are tapered extensions at the tops of columns that assist in transfer of loads from floor to columns? pg 320
Mushroom Caps
All elements of a COMPOSITE MATERIAL must do what, if there is to be no failure? pg 28
Must react together
Floors that have beams running in one direction?pg 320
One-way structural system
When any change is to be made in the foundation of an existing wall, the wall must be supported. Often holes are cut through the wall, and so called needle beams are inserted and supported on both sides. They pick up the load of the walls? ch 2 wrap up
NEEDLE BEAM
The line along which the length of the beam does not change? ch 2 wrap up
NEUTRAL AXIS
A wall supporting no load other than its own weight? ch 2 wrap up
NON-LOAD BEARING WALL
What is the interference between the hot ceiling layer and the cooler air flowing into the compartment? pg 113
Neutral Plane
During the stack effect of smoke in a High-rise building, what is the term to describe the point when the air flow is reduced to zero? pg 384
Neutral zone
Fire service elevators are found in what type of buildings? pg 106
New buildings more than 120 feet
What is the proper way to breach a masonry wall? pg 55
Open a TRIANGLE HOLE
Masonry units laid contiguously with the joints filled with mortar? pg 247
Solid Masonry Walls
What is the general rule of Ordinary construction? pg 245
No FIRE SEPARATION either from floor to floor or within floors
Ordinary construction buildings are limited to how many floors? pg 246
No more than 6 stories
what type of construction has little or no fire resistance for its structural members? pg 282
Non-combustible construction
How else does Non-combustible construction differ from fire-resistive construction? pg 282
Non-combustible: area and height are much smaller than criteria for fire-resistive construction Non-combustible height 1-3 stories max of 12 stories Fire-resistive is permitted to be of unlimited height
What type of wall only support their own weight? pg 41
Non-load bearing walls
(ESFR) Early suppression/fast response sprinklers were developed too? pg 176
Not just to control the fire, but to suppress it *** DUMPS MOST OF THE WATER DIRECTLY ON THE FIRE ***
In a high rise fire, if there is a layer of air warmer than the air below, What type of condition is this? pg 382
PAUSE
what is the term used to designate buildings of greater than usual height from floor to ceiling? pg 295
ONE HIGH STORY
What type of board is made of layers of strands of wood cut from logs, which have less expansion from moisture? pg 192
OSB Board (Oriented strand board)
A beam that projects beyond its support, but not far enough to be a cantilever? ch 2 wrap up
OVERHANGING BEAM
what type of regulations apply to construction sites? ch 3 pg 67
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
Where is Post-tensioning of concrete done at? pg 326
On the Job Site
Where are elevator power controls usually located in a building for hydraulic elevators? pg 106
On the first floor for hydraulic elevators
The compression load of a truss is carried where? pg 219
On the top Chord
Where are elevator power controls usually located in a building for electric elevators? pg 106
On the top floor, where the motors are located
In a collapse where will most of the victims be located? pg 343
On top of the falsework
When can decisions about the type of foundation be made about a building? pg 69
Once the load capacity of the soil and the structural loading have been established
What is the most dangerous type parapet wall? pg 440
One constructed along the front of the wall of a one-story building above several large display windows
What is the best type of roof? pg 263
One in which the roof beams rest on girders
Rolled up members are? Pg 284
One solid piece of metal
The MOST EFFICIENT shape for a column is? pg 38
One that distributes the material equally around the AXIS.
Proper draftstopping allows you to get ahead of the fire how? pg 207
Opening the ceiling adjacent to the involved area and surrounding the fire
What type of construction is known as brick and wood joisted construction? pg 243
Ordinary Construction
What type of construction have more firefighters been killed in by fires? pg 272
Ordinary construction
What type of collapse has voids where victims are less likely to be found alive? pg 432
PANCAKE COLLAPSE
The CONNECTIONS of a truss member are called? pg 34
PANEL POINTS
The connection points joining ties, struts, and chords in a truss? ch 2 wrap up
PANEL POINTS
Non-load bearing enclosing wall on framed buildings? ch 2 wrap up
PANEL WALL ( CURTAIN WALL )
A truss in which both the upper and lower chords are parallel to each other? ch 2 wrap up
PARALLEL CHORD TRUSS
A non load bearing wall that subdivides spaces within any story of a building or room? ch 2 wrap up
PARTITION WALL
A load bearing wall that is common to two structures? ch 2 wrap up
PARTY WALL
What type of wall is a LOAD BEARING wall that is common to 2 TWO structures? pg 42
PARTY WALL
what type of structural walls that are common to two buildings? pg 270
Party Walls
When it comes to fire doors what is the Fire resistance test concerned with pg 146
Passage of Fire
When it comes to floors what is the Fire resistance test concerned with? pg 146
Passage of fire and collapse
What describes an ignition of a heated combustible material when flames or spark is applied? pg 112
Piloted ignition
When structures are to be erected on very weak soils what type of deep foundations maybe needed to be used? pg 69
Piles Caissons
What type of concrete is strong in compression but weak in shear and does not have tensile strength?pg 322
Plain Concrete
term used to describe concrete that has no reinforcement? pg 320
Plain Concrete
When steel buildings have connections that redirect overloads to other sections of the building are called? pg 49
Plastic Design
What are flat places of Steel? pg 284
Plates
Sometimes called Western Framing? pg 193
Platform Frame
Who are often the culprits for starting fires in the walls of ballon frame buildings? pg 196
Plumbers
Layers of wood veneer laid, glued together under pressure? pg 192
Plywood
What is manufactured with the grain of alternate plies laid at right angles to develop equal strength in either direction? pg 76
Plywood
multi-story self-storage facilities have limited? pg 398
Points of horizontal ventilation **far and few windows**
Concrete is cement material produced by a chemical reaction of? pg 346
Portland cement and water
Mill Construction exterior load bearing and non-load bearing walls are usually? pg 226
Solid Masonry: Brick or Stone
What goes a step beyond the basic preplanning? pg 9
Pre-fire Analysis
What is a study of information that has been gathered as part of a pre-fire plan? pg 9
Pre-fire Analysis
What type of sprinkler system has a supplementary fire detecting device in the protected area that gets actuated? Pg 161
Preaction system
What type of sprinklers have air in the system that may or may not be under pressure? pg 161
Preaction system
What type of concrete includes plain concrete, reinforced concrete, and PRE-TENSIONED CONCRETE? pg 318
Precast Concrete
Concrete that has been cast at a location other than the place where it is to remain? pg 320
Precast concrete
Unprotected steel connections can often be found where? pg 50
Precast reinforced concrete buildings
What involves the studying of the prefer plan information that has been gathered to identify specific construction issues/concerns and interactions? Pg 5
Prefire analysis
What are signs that a wall is braced for support? pg 255
Presence of: stars, Plates, channel sections, or spreaders
How does wind have the effect on a building? pg 383
Pressure on the windward side Suction on the leeward side
What is the purpose of residential sprinklers? pg 205
Prevent Flashover Save lives Permit occupants to escape
What are some important considerations to help with anticipating a building collapse? pg 341
Problematic existing buildings Dangerous Loads Cutting Tension cables Heavy fire conditions over an extended period of time
What type of collapse involves a small area of structural damage which results in a loss of localized load carrying capabilities, initiating a chain reaction of subsequent failures? pg 431
Progressive collapse
What are the most important elements of life safety? pg 144
Proper means of Egress (EXITS) Protection against Hazards
Firefighters should never advance through what type of doorway? pg 184
Protected by a fusible link tripped fire door
what beams, usually channels, set at right angles to trusses or roof rafters to provide support for lightweight roofing? pg 284
Purlins
A truss with two compression members? ch 2 wrap up
QUEEN POST TRUSS
What does the acronym R.A.C.E. stand for that hospitals and nursing homes practice? pg 392
R: remove all people in immediate danger A: activate the pull station C: Close doors to confine spread of smoke E: Extinguish the fire if possible
Diagonal bracing columns? ch 2 wrap up
RAKERS
The response in structures to the imposed loads, which are generally developed at the supports? ch 2 wrap up
REACTION
In concrete masonry construction, steel reinforcement that is embedded in such a manner that the two materials act together in resisting forces? ch 2 wrap up
REINFORCED CONCRETE
A load that is applied intermittently? ch 2 wrap up
REPEATED LOAD
Structural frame in which all columns and beams are rigidly connected. There are no hinged joints, and the angular relationship between beam and column members is maintained under load? ch 2 wrap up
RIGID FRAME
A phenomenon in wood trusses in which differences in moisture levels between the upper and lower wood truss chords cause the truss to bend and create a rise in the roof? ch2 wrap up
RISING ROOF
What type of loads ARE NOT TRUSSES capable of supporting? pg 34
ROTATIONAL MOVEMENTS
A wall composed of inner and outer wither of coursed masonry. The space between the wither is filled with random masonry, sometimes mixed with mortar. Such walls are unstable to a lateral thrust. ch 2 wrap up
RUBBLE MASONRY WALL
What type of test can be correlated with the steiner tunnel test? pg 151
Radiant panel flame spread test
What is used to hold the walls in place of a building until the roof is completed? pg 44
Raker Shores
Diagonal columns that brace the entire structure is called? pg 295
Rakers
The time ratings given during the fire resistance assemblies DO NOT relate to the? pg 148
Real time in an actual fire
Buildings that have breakable tempered glass windows will be identified how? pg 386
Reflective Maltese cross sticker Frosted inscription
A composite material made of steel and concrete. Steel provides the tensile strength? pg 320
Reinforced Concrete
What are the 2 basic types of fire-resistive construction? pg 345
Reinforced concrete buildings structural steel buildings
What does the firefighting tactic in its simplest form always consist of? pg 133
Removing one leg of the FIRE TETRAHEDRON
A force tending to twist a structural member? ch 2 wrap up
TORSION
what two purposes do the concrete in fire-resistive construction serve? pg 338
Resists compressive stresses Protects the tensile strength from fire
Collapse may be due to a variety of causes specifically what? pg 253
Retained Water Poor Brickwork in buildings
Building Codes are not applied how? pg 93
Retroactively
During the summer the stack effect in high rise buildings is? pg 384
Reversed ** The flow of air is downward **
what type of Fire door closing method is usually found in modern factories and warehouses? pg 154
Rolling Fire Doors
What is the major risk in vertical ventilation? pg 441
Roof Collapse
On gable roofs what should you ALWAYS take during vertical ventilation operations? pg 441
Roof Ladder
Type of lumber that is left as sawn on all four 4 sides? pg 192
Rough Lumber
A wall composed of an inner and outer wythe of coursed masonry? pg 247
Rubble Masonry wall ** WALLS ARE UNSTABLE TO A LATERAL THRUST **
Masonry composed of random stones? pg 247
Rubble masonry
Off-grid systems are often located where? pg 356
Rural Areas ** Often have numerous banks of batteries that are interconnected **
The abbreviation used for the steel member America standard ( I-Beam ) is? pg 286
S: America Standard ( I-Beam )
The ratio of the strength of the material just before failure to the safe working stress? ch 2 wrap up
SAFETY FACTOR
A twisting force that is created by turning is? pg 13
TORSIONAL FORCE
What type of test measures the ignitability of carpeting from a small source such as a dropped match or cigarette? Pg 151
Screening Test ( PILL TEST )
In Mill Construction what is built into the wall to drain of water? pg 227
Scuppers
An additional collapse that occurs after the initial collapse? pg 431
Secondary Collapse
What type of standpipe system is a dry standpipe system that is arranged through the use of a device, such as a deluge valve, to admit water into the piping system? pg 178
Semiautomatic Dry
What members are used to support formwork? pg 327
Shores
What led to the development of spliced timbers? pg 210
Shortage of big trees
What is the outer weather surface installed over the sheathing? pg 212
Siding
In what type of construction, is the underside of each floor NOT CONCRETE? pg 345
Skeleton Construction
What method of fire door is typically used across openings in elevator shafts or stairwells in old factories? pg 154
Sliding Fire Doors
What is a misnomer when it comes to heavy timber buildings? pg 231
Slow Burning
What type of wall is found in large buildings? pg 69
Slurry Wall
Spalling happens when? pg 345
Small amounts of moisture, trapped inside the concrete is heated by fire and increases the internal pressure within the concrete
Sprinklers suppress the fire and the production of what? pg 165
Smoke
what often provides the first warning of most fires? pg 129
Smoke
What is the major fire problem in ordinary construction? pg 272
Smoke and fire spreading throughout concealed spaces
What should fire officers include in their initial radio report when it comes to a buildings characteristics? pg 8
Smoke conditions Fire conditions Location of the fire Type of Building Construction
What type of indicators should be observed on the fireground of a building failure? pg 278
Smoke or water flowing through the walls soft floors, walls out of plumb time since arrival on the scene
What type of manuals are prepared by building designers that specify which particular type of device or equipment to be used in the building? pg 69
Specifications (SPECS)
What is of essence when it is time to get out of a building? pg 4
Speed
What is the chief advantage of using truss frame? pg 206
Speed
Wooden strips that fit into grooves in two adjacent planks to make a tight floor? pg 192
Splines
What is another method of fireproofing steel? pg 332
Spraying
A beam that typically carries a load around a large opening or over an area in order to avoid intervening columns? ch 2 wrap up
TRANSFER BEAM
The manner in which a load is spread from the point of application to the ground? ch 2 wrap up
TRANSMISSION
As a SAFETY NOTE what remains intact in a multi-story heavy timber building after a fire? pg 231
Stair Shafts
What is the most important metal used in building construction? pg 283
Steel
what has 15 TIMES the compressive strength of concrete? pg 323
Steel
What type of material does non-combustible construction heavily relies on? pg 282
Steel for its structural system, including the roof and floor framing.
Vertical reinforcing bars in concrete beams designed to prevent cracking under shear stresses are called? pg 322
Stirrups
Bricks laid so that the long side is visible? pg 247
Stretcher Course
What type of material is made of thin concrete surface that is used on any structure such as brick, block, hollow tile, or wood? pg 213
Stucco
Columns in frame buildings? pg 192
Studs
A roof truss that is triangular in shape; it is used to create a peaked roof? ch 2 wrap up
TRIANGULAR TRUSS
True or False? Rooms with smaller heights may flash over more quickly than taller rooms? pg 114
TRUE
True or False? The amount of radiant heat at floor level is greater in smaller height rooms? pg 114
TRUE
What are the 3 structural components of all buildings? pg 69
Superstructure Sub-Structure Foundation
Who should be searched for and removed first during a collapse of a building? pg 443
Surface Victims
What is the most common choice that a fire door may close by? pg 154
Swinging: used mainly in corridors and stairwell openings
What is a standard I-Beam cut lengthwise through the web forms 2 beams? pg 285
TEES
What type of force stretches a member such as a steel cable that supports a suspended walkway? pg 13
TENSILE FORCE
A pulling or stretching force in line with the axis of the body, the opposite of compression, which is pushing, crushing stress? ch 2 wrap up
TENSION
What part of a TRUSS is always in TENSION? pg 36
THE BOTTOM CHORD
What type of test has been used to develop information after a serious fire? pg 151
THE RADIANT PANEL TEST
What is widely accepted as a flame spread testing standard? pg 150
THE STEINER TUNNEL TEST
The COMPRESSIVE CONNECTIVE members of the truss are called what? pg 34
THE STRUTS
The TENSILE CONNECTIVE members of the truss are called what? pg 34
THE TIES
What part of a TRUSS is always in COMPRESSION? pg 36
THE TOP CHORD
( truss member ) The tensile connecting members of a truss web? ch 2 wrap up
TIE
A rod in tension, used to hold parts of a structure together? ch 2 wrap up
TIE ROD
The measurable turning force applied to a structural member is called? pg 13
TORQUE
The measurable turning force applied to a structural member? ch 2 wrap up
TORQUE
A type of beam that is a framed structure consisting of a triangle or group of triangles arranged in a single plane in such a manner that loads applied at points of intersections of the members will cause only direct stresses ( tension or compression ) in the members? ch 2 wrap up
TRUSS
What is a framed structure that consist of a GROUP OF TRIANGLES arranged in a single plane? pg 34
TRUSSES
Externally braced structure? ch 2 wrap up
TUBE CONSTRUCTION
What type of test is used to assess interior finish flame spread in ASTM? PG 94
TUNNEL TEST
List the numerical codes and what type of model building for each construction type? pg 94
TYPE 1: Fire Resistive Construction TYPE 2: Noncombustible Construction TYPE 3: Ordinary Construction TYPE 4: Heavy Timber Construction TYPE 5: Wood Frame construction
Ordinary construction is classified as what TYPE of construction? pg 278
TYPE III
Thin rods that are installed near the surface of concrete? pg 321
Temperature rods
In I-Beams the bottom flange resist what? pg 284
Tension
Made of clay and fine sand, terra-cotta is fired in a kiln.
Terra-cotta tiles
The RIGID FRAME of industrial and commercial buildings are derived from? pg 47
The ARCH
Who is the individual responsible for the overall design, appearance and layout of a building? ch 3 pg 67
The Architect
Where is the worst place in a ballon frame building for the fire to get started? pg 196
The Basement
Where is the worst place to have a fire start in a balloon frame building? pg 217
The Basement
The entire tensile load is carried where? pg 219
The Bottom chord
When is a building said to be PINNED? pg 49
The elements are connected by SIMPLE CONNECTORS such as bolts, rivets, or welded joints
Who designs the layout of the site including parking, drainage, and roadways? pg 67
The Civil Engineer
In Type III ordinary buildings the fire load consists of what? pg 272
The Combustible interior components of the building
Why are beams shaped liked the letter " I "? pg 39
The DEPTH determines the STRENGTH
What type of siding is usually called NOVELTY SIDING? pg 212
Wood Siding (CLAPBOARD )
Who designs the sprinkler systems and fire alarm systems in buildings? pg 67
The Fire protection engineer
What serves as the support of a structure when loads are placed upon them? pg 69
The Foundation
Who has the ultimate responsibility of the building structure on time and on budget? pg 67
The General Contractor
What is constantly under attack of a building constantly during a fire? pg 8
The Gravity Resistance
All of the STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS and the connections that support and transfer the loads in a building are? pg 13
The Gravity Resistance System in a building
What caused a national push for the development of a model BUILDING CODE? Ch 3 pg 65
The Great Baltimore Fire of 1904
When it comes to structures what has never been formally rated or required by law? pg 144
The Inherent Fire resistance
What will dictate how the fire burns and grows in a room? pg 114
The location and quantity of the oxygen supply
What type of wood can have a very rapid flame spread? pg 191
Wood in thin sections
Who designs the heating and air conditioning systems and the plumbing systems? pg 67
The Mechanical Engineer
What is the one common vertical means of fire spread in both balloon frame and platform frame buildings? pg 199
The Open Stairwells
In Mill construction what is vital for fire protection purposes? pg 227
The Protection of vertical openings and the division of the building into sections by fire walls
Preventing the spread of fire can be achieved by? pg 139
The use of fire rated floors
what often is the first sign of serious fire in a closed structure? pg 79
The violent pressure failure of the windows
What provides the PERMANENT BRACING for buildings? pg 44
The ROOF
what is the one platform that firefighters work from that cost many firefighter lives? pg 278
The Roof
What is lighter in weight than solid construction? pg 202
The Truss ** reduces the weight of supporting walls or columns**
What does a veneer wall depend on for stability? pg 42
The Underlying wall with metal ties embedded in the mortar
What is the key to sprinkler system effectiveness? pg 162
The ability of the water to penetrate the material
In relation to the hourly ratings of a structure what does the 2nd number refer too? pg 94
The beams and columns
When steel is elongating what draws it back to its original dimensions? pg 284
The cooling effect of water
What type of test measures a materials ability to resist flame spread?
The critical radiant flux test (NFPA 253)
How is wood firestopping often made from? pg 207
The cut off ends of the joists
What is the importance of the depth of the beam? pg 286
The deeper it is, the larger the load it can carry
In Mill Construction what is done in the event of a collapse to prevent the wall from coming down? pg 227
The ends of girders are fire cut to release in the event of a collapse
What test is concerned with the length of time a particular building assembly will continue to perform its structural and/ barrier function? pg 149
The fire resistance rating
In relation to the hourly rating of a structure what does the 3rd number refer too? pg 94
The floor construction
what is the major advantage of Post-tensioning concrete on the Job site? pg 326
The floors can be thinner
What often gives warning of impending collapse with lightweight wooden-I-beams? pg 205
The gradual sagging of sawn beams due to the loss of the exterior wood
In lift-slab construction, what part is cast first? pg 329
The ground floor slab
One of the most important factors in fire spread within a building is? pg 149
The interior finishes on walls and ceilings
What are COLUMNS shaped like? pg 39
The letter " H " ** permits a circle to be inscribed through the 4 points of the "H"**
What is used as the designation of wide flange shapes? pg 285
The letter " WF "
What is the difference between non-combustible and fire-resistive construction? pg 282
The level of fire resistance
The NEUTRAL AXIS of a BEAM is? pg 29
The line along the length of a beam in which it does not change its plane.
What is the term used to describe the minimum quality structure capable of passing the test? pg 148
The listed assembly
What happens to a column as it gets longer? pg 41
The load carrying capacity decreases
why does unprotected steel structures can be extremely hazardous? pg 303
The potential for early collapse
A FIRE LOAD represents what to a fire? pg 25
The potential fuel available and the total amount of energy ( HEAT ) in the fuel.
In relation to the hourly rating of a structure what does the first number refer too? pg 94
The rating of the load bearing walls
What effects its ability to resist a compressive load or a deflective one? pg 86
The shape of a material
what effects the ability of an object to resist a compressive load or a deflective one? pg 83
The shape of the material
Who decides the number and size of beams, columns, and analyze the overall strength of the building with the anticipated dead and live loads? ch 3 pg 67
The structural engineer
How do the studs run in a ballon Frame building? pg 195
The studs run 2 or more stories high from the foundation to the eave line
What refers to a force causing rotation of a structural member around a fixed point of connection? pg 22
The term MOMENT
What does the CHORDS of a truss consist of? pg 34
The top and bottom of the truss
What is the common problem with "do it yourselfer renovators"?pg 74
Their lack of structural engineering knowledge
In High-Rise Buildings what is the principal smoke moving mechanism of a fire? pg 382
Thermal Energy
what are the mechanisms that affect the movement of smoke in a high rise building? pg 382
Thermal Energy Atmospheric Conditions Wind Stack Effect
What two 2 tools should be carried when investigating a ceiling void for an unknown source of smoke? Pg 343
Thermal Image camera 6-foot Pike pole
What is one of the most important life saving technological advances to assist firefighters searching for victims and checking for hidden fires? pg 276
Thermal Imager
What is the best tool we have to find hidden fires? pg 135
Thermal imaging camera
What type of exposure to a building may cause ignition including of a building including the combustible wall? pg 134
Thermal radiation
Mill Construction Floors are usually? pg 227
Thick Grooved Splined Laminated Planks
What is the best way to collect information about the buildings in which you fight fires? pg 2
Through Preplanning
What type of arches consist of a steel tension rod that ties the ends? pg 264
Tied arches
What is another name for PRECAST CONCRETE TILT SLAB WALLS? pg 44
Tilt Walls or Tilt Ups
What is an example of a 90* degree wall collapse? pg 434
Tilt-wall collapse
Why is it advisable to visit buildings while they are under construction? pg 72
To identify the hazards to you during fire fighting operations
what is a transfer beam used for? pg 288
To laterally relocate the vertical load of columns to clear an area
What is one of the purposes of installing sprinklers? pg 219
To prevent flashover
What are diaphragm floors designed to do? pg 23
To stiffen the building against wind and other lateral loads such as earthquakes
Sheathing is the covering that is applied to what? pg 211
To the Studs or Framing of a structure
Unprotected steel rods and cables are often used for? pg 50
To tie failing buildings to provide some additional resistance to EARTHQUAKE movement
Piles are made of what type of material? pg 69
Wood or Steel
Beware of "light smoke showing" because? pg 124
Too often it is just the tip of the FIRE ICEBERG
What are Precast Concrete tilt Slab walls braced by? pg 44
Tormentors or Temporary Bracing Poles
How does the air travel during a stack effect in High-rise buildings? pg 383
Travels into the vertical shafts, stairways, elevators ** The greatest flow is at the first floor, Decreases as the height rises **
What is an effective ventilation tactic for cutting off the horizontal spread of fire? pg 421
Trench Cut
T or F In newer construction, floors are stronger than roofs? pg 217
True
T or F Joist Hangers are points of weakness? pg 260
True
T or F Shakes are larger than shingles? pg 214
True
T or F Wide flange shapes have more structural support than do standard I-beams? pg 285
True
T or F: In Balloon frame buildings there is structural continuity from top to bottom? pg 199
True
T or F: In Platform frame buildings there is NO continuity from top to bottom? pg 199
True
T or F: The higher the CRF number the less flammable the carpeting? pg 152
True
T or F? Concrete adds NOTHING to the fire load? pg 342
True
T or F? Membrane fireproofing does not protect individual members? pg 332
True
T or F? Post-tensioned concrete present a greater collapse hazard during fire than does conventional reinforced concrete? pg 330
True
T or F? Stages have much more extensive fire protection requirements than platforms? pg 405
True
T or F? The better the building is tied together to resist wind load, the more likely it is to suffer progressive collapse due to fire distortion? pg 288
True
T or F? Wooden structures located on a corner lot are more susceptible to collapse when exposed to fire than a wood frame buildings in the center of a row of similar structures? pg 420
True
T or F? the compressive strength of steel is many times that of concrete? pg 321
True
True or False? Plaster does not contribute to a fire? pg 118
True
Steel structural members that are rolled in cylindrical, square or rectangular shapes? pg 285
Tubes ** Most often used as columns **
The best way to establish the amount of water available at older garden apartments complexes is to conduct a flow test using? pg 365
Two hydrants, a Pitot tube, and a cap gauge.
A composite wall is composed of what type of materials? pg 42
Two or more masonry materials that react together under the load.
A system that incorporates floors that have beams running in two 2 directions? pg 321
Two-way structural system
What type of construction lacks inherent voids? pg 346
Type 1 Construction
Which type of construction is considered to be the most resistive to collapse and do not contribute fuel to the fire? pg 342
Type 1 Fire Resistive construction
Stadia dwellings are almost always what type of dwellings? pg 400
Type 1 construction
What type of construction are especially dangerous because little or no fire-resistance protection for their structural steel members is provided? pg 309
Type II construction- Especially nonsprinklered Type II buildings
What two 2 types of construction use materials that will not support combustion? pg 282
Type II non-combustible Type I fire resistive
Ordinary construction is classified as what type of construction? pg 244
Type III
Heavy Timber construction is classified as what type of construction? pg 240
Type IV
The path of eliminating high flame spread surfaces for controlling a fast fire growth is usually done by whom? pg 128
U.S. Merchant Ships
The highest load that a member or structure can sustain before failure occurs? ch 2 wrap up
ULTIMATE STRENGTH
A load that is applied evenly over an area? ch 2 wrap up
UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD
When does a MASONRY WALL act as a cantilever beam? pg 43
Under Construction with respect to wind load received on the face of the wall
what is the key to safe firefighting operations in a factory? pg 375
Understand what is made in the structure How the structure been designed or altered
What will help ensure the safety of every fire fighter on the scene of a fire? pg 8
Understanding building construction
What are other critical features to watch out for at new construction sites? pg 84
Unfinished stairs and open shafts for future elevator installations
What are the 4 types that steel structures can be divided into? pg 303
Unprotected Dynamically Protected Passively Protected Passive/dynamic combination protection
Very vulnerable to earthquake collapse? pg 248
Unreinforced Masonry
Under LAPSE CONDITIONS, what direction will smoke move in a high rise during a fire? pg 382
Up and away from the fire
Sprinkler systems are hydraulically designed according too? pg 162
Upon the flow and pressure necessary to supply the sprinklers. *** WITH THE EXCEPTION OF DELUGE SYSTEMS ***
To access a collapsed area below a collapsed ceiling quickly you should? pg 442
Use a 12- foot roof ladder and shove it under a purchase point to lift a portion of the ceiling
What is critical in the overhaul stage of a fire? pg 132
Use of a SCBA
the standard test method for fire tests of a building does what? pg 94
Used for testing and assigning hourly ratings to fire walls, columns, and floors
What are beams used for in buildings? pg 29
Used to transfer loads laterally to 2 supporting ends
When are 2 hour fire rated walls used? pg 103
Used when travel distances to a fire rated stairwell or exit are excessive.
What type of collapse is where the floors fall near its center, with the perimeter of the floor still partially supported by the walls? pg 432
V-Shaped floor collapse ** TWO VOIDS ARE CREATED **
A wall made up of a single vertical thickness of masonry that is designed to improve the exterior appearance of a building? ch 2 wrap up
VENEER WALL
A rectangular truss with very rigid corner bracing? ch 2 wrap up
VIERENDEEL TRUSS
A wedge-shaped block whose converging sides radiate from a center, forming an element of an arch or vaulted ceiling? ch 2 wrap up
VOUSSOIR
What type of wall is made of a single vertical thickness of masonry? pg 42
Veneer Wall
What is used to simply improve the exteriors appearance of the building? pg 42
Veneer wall
What acted as the firestop, a sandlike material slowing down the a significant fire inside the walls of ballon construction building? pg 196
Vermiculite
What direction does firestopping stop movement? pg 206
Vertical movement
The definition of a BEAMS attitude does not consider its? pg 28
Vertical or Horizontal orientation
In which direction does siding extending a fire? pg 212
Vertically
The use of what equipment poses a vast potential for fire situations during building construction? pg 72
Welding equipment
The abbreviation used for the steel member wide flange beams and columns is? pg 286
W: wide flange beams and columns
A structural element that transmits to the ground the compressive forces applied along the top or received at any point on the wall? ch 2 wrap up
WALL
A column of steel, reinforced concrete, or solid masonry ( such as brick or solid block ) in a block wall. Concentrated loads such as main girders are applied to the wall directly above the wall column? ch 2 wrap up
WALL COLUMN
A unit for measuring the energy release rate of a fire? ch 2 wrap up
WATT ( w )
The group of struts, ties, and panel points in a truss? ch 2 wrap up
WEB
A drainage hole in a masonry wall that allows water trapped inside the wall to escape? ch 2 wrap up
WEEP HOLE
Cast in place concrete that unites the rods projecting from precast sections? ch 2 wrap up
WET JOINT
The positive or negative force of the wind acting on a structure? ch 2 wrap up
WIND LOAD
Shear force is often the result of what? pg 13
WIND LOADS
Builders have been using what type of truss for ROOF RAFTERS? pg 35
WOODEN PARALLEL CHORD TRUSSES
The abbreviation used for the steel member structural tees is? pg 286
WT: Structural Tees
A single continuous vertical wall of masonry units ( one masonry unit in thickness )? ch 2 wrap up
WYTHE
A horizontal beam is called? pg 295
Waler
What type of wall indicates a structure where the entire load is carried on the walls? pg 192
Wall Bearing
What are SPOTTERS at the scene of a collapse there for? pg 439
Watching for conditions leading to a secondary collapse
What consist of water lobbed or "raining down" between the fire building and the exposure building? pg 238
Water Curtain
What are the 4 major classifications of automatic sprinkler systems? pg 161
Wet pipe System Dry Pipe System Preaction System Deluge System
What type of sprinkler system has sprinklers attached to a piping system containing water under pressure at all times? pg 161
Wet pipe systems
When should a block be removed from a fire door? pg 156
When all firefighters have returned through the opening
When will a structure sustain its greatest load? pg 24
When the load is AXIAL
when is the stack effect in a high-rise building lest effective? pg 383
When the outside temperature is greater than the inside temperature
When is FRIABLE CONSTRUCTION used? pg 288
Where an explosion is a possibility
I-beams that have flanges wider than those found in standard I-beams? pg 285
Wide flange shapes
What is an example of a flexural force? pg 41
Wind Load
When properly installed, what has a greater resistance to fire than ordinary glass? pg 80
Wired Glass ** it passes radiant heat as readily as regular glass**
Mortise and tenon are pinned how? pg 194
With wooden pegs called TRUNNELS
A hard fibrous material forming the major part of the tree? pg 192
Wood
Regardless of the exterior construction of garden apartments, the interior construction is almost totally made of? pg 363
Wood
What type of material CANNOT be made either fireproof or noncombustible? pg 220
Wood
what cannot be made fireproof or noncombustible? pg 208
Wood
What type of construction creates combustible void spaces in which fire can hide, grow, and burst out? pg 191
Wood Construction
Narrow, rough strips of wood nailed to studs? pg 192
Wood Lath ** FOUND IN OLDER TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION**
What are split pieces of wood used for roofing or siding? Pg 214
Wood Shingles or Shakes
A vertical section of a wall, one brick or masonry unit thick? pg 248
Wythe
What are individual riser segments, one on top of the other? pg 178
Zones
The floor ceiling truss void can be called? pg 204
a Trussloft
What is another name for smoke barrier-protected rooms located near stairwells and how are they identified? pg 104
a. Area of refuge ** Identified with the international symbol of accessibility**
What are the four ( 4 ) different types of forces that can be applied to a structural member? pg 13
a. COMPRESSION b. TENSION c. TORSION d. SHEAR
What 3 forces do suspension bridges anticipate when being design? pg 14
a. COMPRESSION b. TORSION c. TENSION
Fire Codes applies how to a structure? pg 93
a. Conditions within the structure b. Existing Hazards that were created even before the adoption of the code
What are the 3 components of means of egress? pg 97
a. EXIT ACCESS b. THE EXIT c. EXIT DISCHARGE
What 2 varieties do elevators come in? pg 105
a. Electric Cable b. Hydraulic Piston
Hotels, dormitories, apartments, and two family dwellings require what 2 additional means of egress? pg 104
a. Exterior Emergency Escape b. Rescue Windows
What are the 3 types of Columns? pg 39
a. PIERS b. SQUAT c. LONG, SLENDER
The WEB OF A TRUSS consist of what all put together? pg 34
a. STRUTS b. TIES c. PANEL POINTS
Where is the recommended location for firestopping in multiple unit dwellings? pg 208
along the tenant separations so that the entire floor ceiling area is a collapse area
For preventing or combating a fire in a historic vacant building what should you have first? pg 249
an Aggressive code enforcement division
Galvanized steel walls is weather protected how? pg 289
asphalt coating ( AAPM ) often called Robertson Protected Metal
At what temperature will TIE BACKS and Elevator cables fail? pg 283
at about 800* degree
Where is the " I BEAM " on column located? pg 39
at the TOP
What type of concrete uses all the components of concrete but adds aluminum powder also? pg 323
autoclaved aerated concrete ( AAC )
What describes a phenomenon in which a combustible material ignites spontaneously without the application of a flame or spark? pg 112
autoignition
In older residential buildings, what area is more subject to collapse? pg 419
bathroom floor
Post-tensioned structures include what? pg 330
bridges, and Parking garages
What type of concrete includes plain concrete that is reinforced concrete, and POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE? pg 318
cast-in-place
What consist of the hot gases that collect at the very top of a room? pg 113
ceiling layer
what are small devices designated to keep rods up off the surface of the form, so concrete will flow underneath the rods? pg 318
chairs
what are steel structural components that have a square U shape cross sections? pg 284
channels
4 story buildings or higher will typically have what? pg 272
class 1 or Class 3 standpipe system
New decorative cornices are made of what? pg 268
coated plastic and are backed with plywood
What zone should the command post and support positions be located? pg 440
cold zones
Two different masonry materials, such as brick and concrete block? pg 246
composite wall
In I-Beams the top flange resist what? pg 284
compression
What is not permitted under the building code rules in heavy timber construction? pg 238
concealed spaces ( floors and roofs )
Where is pretensioning of concrete done at? pg 326
concrete Plant
What kind of concrete is resistant to spalling? pg 321
concrete made with ground up fire brick
a Precast hollow or solid structural block made of cement, water, and aggregates? pg 246
concrete masonry unit
Limiting the spread of fire has the added benefit of? pg 143
contributing directly to life safety
A horizontal line of masonry? pg 246
course
Any bracing wall set at a right angle to the wall in question?pg 246
cross wall
The term composite construction is often used to describe buildings in which? pg 319
different load-bearing materials are used in different areas
What are the 4 four general categories of green systems? pg 351
eco-friendly materials energy conservation water conservation energy generation
what is the free burning stage of a fire? pg 113
the SECONDARY stage of the fire in which it spreads to adjacent combustible materials
The best method for controlling flammable liquid fires is to? pg 176
keep containers from overheating control the flowing fire on the floor
Fire is always looking for a path of? pg 134
least resistance
What type of firestopping is often INEFFECTIVE, and its purpose is to meet the requirements of a code? pg 207
legal firestopping
What type of engineered manufactured wood poses an inherent danger to fire fighters due to their failures? pg 76
lightweight wood trusses wooden I-joints
What type of method is used where all the concrete in a building is properly bonded together? pg 320
monolithic Construction
What direction does transfer beams move loads when its not convenient to arrange columns one above the other? pg 33
moves loads LATERALLY
Ordinary construction is brick masonry or? pg 272
noncombustible material on the exterior with the interior dimensional lumber supporting the floors and roofs.
Smoke developed is calculated by measuring what? pg 150
obscuration as the smoke passes a photoelectric cell placed in a stack from the TEST TUNNEL
Where is the " H-COLUMN BEAM " on a column located? pg 39
on the BOTTOM
when it comes to walls what is the Fire resistance test concerned with? pg 146
passage of fire and collapse
What ignites in air without the introduction of an ignition source? pg 375
pyrophoric gas
When don't a building code apply to buildings? ch 3 pg 66
retroactively to existing buildings that are not being changed.
What is the most critical designation in high-rise buildings? pg 414
separate " attack " and " evacuation " stairwells
The term that describes the movement of air inside a tightly sealed building due to the difference in temperature between the air inside the building and outside the building is? pg 383
stack Effect
Three story buildings usually do not have what? pg 272
standpipe
General problems of ordinary construction? pg 250
structural stability of the masonry wall stability of the interior column and beam system Void Spaces Masonry wall as a barrier to fire extensions
Ordinary construction are usually three to four stories but can be? pg 272
tall as 7 stories
what is the smoldering/decay stage of the fire? pg 113
the GLOWING combustion takes place without flame
What is the incipient stage of a fire? pg 113
the INITIAL stage of a fire after ignition
When a TRUSS is CANTILEVERED what happens to the top and bottom of the truss? pg 36
the TENSION AND COMPRESSION points gets reversed. ** The top chord becomes TENSION and the bottom chord becomes COMPRESSION**
what is the flashover stage of a fire? pg 113
the TRANSITION stage in which exposed surfaces within the compartment ignite simultaneously. *** FULL ROOM INVOLVEMENT**
What is the finished plank surface? pg 201
the ceiling
Inherent firestopping comes as a result of? pg 207
the normal building construction that was incidental to necessary structural purposes
What happens to a SAFE LOAD as the length of the span increases? pg 31
the safe load capacity DECREASES in direct proportion.
Fire spread in taxpayer dwellings are usually located where? pg 400
through the cockloft
Cantilever structures are very likely to be what at a serious fire? pg 32
to be UNSTABLE
Precast beams will often have what word placed on the top of the beam? pg 322
top Cast ** Ensures that the beam is installed right side up **
Where does staging take place in high rise buildings? pg 414
two floors below the fire
Taxpayer dwellings are almost always what type of dwellings? pg 400
type 3 Construction One story in height
What is the advantage of having a PRE-ACTION sprinkler system? pg 161
water typically will not flow if a sprinkler or pipe is broken
When do the elevator door restrictor engage? pg 106
when the elevator cab is located 18 inches above or below the LANDING ZONE.
What dictates land usage in specific cities? pg 66
zoning regulations
What regulation indirectly affect fire safety, and tend to push more hazardous occupancies into certain regions of a city? ch 3 pg 66
zoning regulations
