BUS 503QR Lean Six Sigma Green Belt Exam Review

Which should be included with project documentation?

*All of the above* Answers: Process flowcharts Standard operating procedures Process installation guides Correct All of the above None of the above

Best description of randomization?

- A means of assuring representative sampling

The z-value is a useful statistic because?

- It allows comparison if different processes on a common scale - It will always have a standard deviation of 1 - It will always have a mean of a value of 0

In a normal curve, approximately what percentage of the area is included within 3 standard deviations of the mean?

99.7%

The roles and responsibilities of a Green Belt include all of the following EXCEPT:

A Green Belt mentors Black Belts and Master Black Belts.

Which of the following is the most useful graphical tool for promoting an understanding of process capability?

A histogram

What is the appropriate hypothesis test when you have statements such as "greater than," "exceeds," and "less than"?

A one-sided test is appropriate since the direction of the difference does matter.

Which of the following is acceptable for performance standards?

A range of performance values that are be acceptable

The project charter will contain a business case, which can be defined as:

A short summary of the strategic reason for the project

What are the risks with not statistically validating root causes?

Actions in improve will be insufficient to address the problem

A p-chart showing high levels of defectiveness can be improved by the following except:

Applying 100% inspection

Sigma capability measure:

Both a and b Answers: The capability of the process to perform defect free The capability of the process provide customer satisfaction Correct Both a and b Neither a or b

Which of the following is *not* characteristic of good documentation?

Both a. and b. Answers: State a practical reason for the information Understand your audience Correct *More documentation is better than too little* Both a. and b. Both b. and c.

Which tool is also referred to as a "fishbone"

Cause and Effect Diagram

µ is a measure of _______.

Centrality

A process is a __________________ that takes one or more kinds of _________ and creates output that is of value to the customer.

Collection of activities/input

What does the shape shown below indicate in a process map? *Diamond*

Decision

σ is a measure of _______ .

Dispersion

A Storyboard presentation summarizes the important deliverables of all phases and must be a single slide in length.

False

Everything the Process Owner needs to sustain the improved performance is contained on the Control Plan document.

False

Process Capability only addresses how much the process is on-target.

False

The FMEA tool is a recommended tool to assess risk because of its objectivity.

False

The project review for turnover should include the full team and include all details for justifying the solution:

False

The statistical terms "confidence" and "significance" have the same meaning.

False

We only need to use the Normal Distribution for statistics tests of our data since most variables follow this distribution in nature.

False

Which state of team dynamics requires the leader to establish roles, expectations, and guidelines for the team?

Forming

A 4^3 experiment describes:

Four levels of three factors

The study of precision is called

Gage (Gauge) R&R

Excessive conflict within an improvement team:

Has a negative effect on team members and should be avoided

The benefits of a process map include all of the following EXCEPT:

Helps determine sigma values

Which of the following activities is done earliest in the formation of a project team?

Identify the Objective

Typically, which of the following activities is done earliest in the formation of a project team?

Identify the objective

If r = 0.97, as the independent variable b increase, one would expect the dependent variable to______

Increase

When analyzing a control chart and finding an "out-of-control" trend:

Investigate the process for assignable causes.

Identify the incorrect statement about Pareto Charts.

Is best used for the Analyze phase deliverables

All of the following are regarding the null hypotheses EXCEPT:

It can be accepted

Which of the following is an acceptable description of the "p-value"?

It represents the Type I error. d. It equals 0.05.

A Value Stream Map does not include the following.

Itemized Costs

Which of the following is a value-added activity?

Just-In-Time Production

Monitoring is a critical activity for control. Which of the following must be monitored for proper control?

Key process variables

Monitoring is a critical activity for control. Which of the following must be monitored for proper control?

Key process variables.

Given that the long-term DPMO = 25137, what are the short- and long-term Z-values (process sigmas)?

LT=1.96 and ST=3.46

What are the main responsibilities of a LSS Green Belt?

Lead project teams to achieve their objectives

The term used to describe the type 1 error in a test of hypothesis?

Level of significance

Which of the following is most likely a value adding activity?

Making the product

The primary purpose of a Failure Modes and Effects Analysis is to:

Manage Failure Risks

Which is a component of total variability?

Measurement Variability

In Measurement System Analysis, which of the following pairs of data measures is used to determine total variance?

Measurement variance and process variance

The objective(s) of the Control Phase include:

Mechanisms to maintain improved performance.

Which of the following is not characteristic of good documentation?

More documentation is better than too little

Cause and effect diagrams, also known as fishbone diagrams, contain which of the following categories?

Mother Nature (environment)

What is the correct order of complexity for scaled data

Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, Ratio

A disadvantage of the One Factor At A Time experimental strategy is?

None of the above Answers: Doesn't require many experiments. Allows for the selection from multiple factors that may improve performance. Accounts for multiple factor interactions Correct None of the above

When conducting a residual analysis after fitting a model, the residuals fall within what type of distribution?

Normal

An example of 'Attribute Data' is:

Number of students with blue eyes in the 1st grade

The analysis of lessons learned, or what went well and what went wrong during a project would most likely take place during which of the following?

Post mortem analysis.

The most effective tool for selecting the best solution from a group of potential solutions is:

Prioritization Matrix

Which of the following activities is value-added?

Process

A six sigma team has been chartered to improve the way in which a company takes orders for its products. Which of the following tools should the team use to determine all of the potential pitfalls and the actual defects that occur?

Process failure mode and effects analysis

Inherent process variation is distinct from all except:

Product spread

The difference between the value of a data point and its deviation from the trend line is considered:

Residual

As a good experimenter, you have built a predictive model of the experimental data. The differences between the actual response data and the model data are termed:

Residuals

A six sigma project to reduce billing statement expenses has shown the need to hire two additional mailroom clerks. Based on this information, which of the following metrics should be used to measure the financial benefits of the project?

Return on investment

Which of the following processes should be conducted before implementing a new system or solution?

Risk Assessment

What are the 7 process improvement tools?

Scatter Plots (Continuous (Variable) X & Y) Run Charts / Control Carts (Variable & Discrete) Check Sheets (Discrete) Histograms/Boxplots (Continuous Y - Discrete X) Pareto Charts (Discrete Y - Discrete X) Stratification Charts (Discrete) Cause & Effects Diagrams (Processes)

In risk analysis, the Risk Priority Number (RPN) is determined by

Severity * Occurrence * Detection

What is the third step in the 5S process?

Shine Sort Set in order Shine Standardize Sustain

Which of the following statement is false?

Sigma (?) is the statistic that describes the variability of the sample measurements.

Pre-Control centers the process between

Specification limits

Statistical control is achieved in this case:

Stable processes have only common cause variation

Which of the following statements about statistical terms is correct?

Statistics come from samples

SIPOC stands for:

Supplier, Input, Process, Output, Customer

Which is the most appropriate data collection tool to use when you have identified customer measures?

Survey

Tolerance is:

The allowable range of X while still meeting the requirements of Y

Which of the following best describes internal failure costs?

The costs resulting from a nonconformance detected before a product or service is provided.

The objective of the define phase of a six sigma project is to define:

The customer, core business process involved and CTQ business issues

Process capability analysis is often defined as:

The determination that the process can meet the product specifications as intended

Which of the following selections is not included in the Hypothesis Protocol?

The hypotheses are always statements about the sample statistics.

In the analysis of the performance of a process before and after an improvement was made, what conclusion can you draw about the validation of the improvement, given that: (i) The goal was to reduce the Result to less than 10; (ii) The variances of the Before and After groups are not different; (iii) The ANOVA F-test is significant at p<0.0001

The improvement is statistically significant, but is not practically significant, so not successful yet.

The critical path is

The path that takes the longest amount of time

What is the object indicated by the '?' in the diagram below? Input>>>>>?>>>>>>>Output

The process

A pilot of any proposed solution should be seriously considered when:

The scope of the proposed solution is complex.

When performing an analytical study, which of the following statistical values would seldom be known?

The true population parameter

All of the following are benefits of conducting a pilot of your a solution EXCEPT:

There is an increase in the risk/benefit ratio.

Milestones should be:

Tied to DMAIC phases

what is the purpose of run chart / Control charts

To track variables over time to focus attention on process changes

Which of the following is NOT required when preparing to pilot a proposed improvement solution?

Transfer of control plan to the Process Owner

The FMEA tool is used to assess risk from the current process and with the future improvements.

True

Which type of data would be best represented as a histogram?

Units sold per day

Which statement about confounding is true:

Variables are confounded if their effects are not separable

ANOVA for a. single factor experiment, a fundamental assumption which is made that the factor?

Variances are equal

In performing an analysis of variance for a single factor experiment, a fundamental assumption which is made is that the factor:

Variances are equal

Control charts should be set up for?

Vital Quality Characteristics

The Lean techniques used in LSS focus primarily on what?

Waste

Project scope can be defined by answering a series of questions. Which of the following questions would not yield information relevant to project scope?

What is the critical path of the project?

Which is not one of the three maps of a process that a GBPL needs to consider?

What processes competitors use.

Which of the following is not a guideline to capturing critical to customer qualities?

Write from a supplier perspective

A major drawback of using histograms in process control is that they

do not readily account for the factor of time

A process capability analysis is NOT used to

maintain a process in a state of statistical control

A scatter plot should be used to:

show the relation between two variables

In statistical process control, when a point falls outside of control limits, the probability is quite high that the process is experiencing _____________ .

special cause variation

The correlation coefficient 'r' quantifies the degree of linear association between two variables. A perfect *positive* relationship has an 'r' value of:

1

Many Six Sigma practitioners focus on determining short-term variability with an assumed adjustment of _________ to compensate for drifts to get long-term variability.

1.50 Sigma

An experiment was run to evaluate the effects of hinge thickness and hardness on the force required to close a door. The following results were recorded. The number of factors in this experiment are?

2

You have 3 pencils: 1 has a crack and broken lead, 1 is broke in half, and 1 has a missing eraser. How many defects and how many defectives are present amongst these pencils?

4 defects and 3 defectives

The reported Cpk for a process with an average of 28, standard deviation of 1.667, and upper and lower specification limits of 15 and 35, respectively, is 1.4. The process sigma for this process would be [Hint: recall the relationship between Cpk and z]:

4.200

A LSS process refers to a process having _____ standard deviations between the average of the process center and the closest specification limit.

6

Brainstorming is most effective with groups of size:

6-10 People

A process has been experiencing problems lately. The operators charting the process have identified the cause to be due to a change in incoming materials. This problem is:

A special cause

Which is not a property of effective measures?

Affordable

Why is it important to document results completely and accurately?

All of the Above Answers: Creates a historical record of why something was improved Allows for others to leverage from my activities To sustain the gain and maintain improved performance Correct All of the Above

Which of the following are key to manage issues with stakeholders?

All of the above

Mistake Proofing means:

All of the above Answers: A technique for eliminating errors. A means to make mistakes impossible. Is used avoid human error Is also called Poka Yoke Correct All of the above

What source(s) within our own company may be a source of data?

All of the above Answers: Financial records Human resource records Computer data logs Correct All of the above None of the above

Which of the following statements is/are correct concerning the images? figure 1 figure 2

All of the above Answers: Image I has no lack of fit Image II has a lack of fit Correct All of the above None of the above

Coding should be used when analyzing data because:

All of the above Answers: It will remove scale differences It will preserve the balance of the data Because it removes some forms of induced collinearity Correct All of the above

Which should be included with project documentation?

All of the above Answers: Process flowcharts Standard operating procedures Process installation guides Correct All of the above None of the above

Select the following means to identify risk.

All of the above. Answers: Brainstorming of knowledgeable individuals. Review of lessons learned. Failure Modes & Effects Analyses (FMEAs). Correct All of the above.

Which of the following are deliverables for the Control Phase?

All of the above. Answers: Risk Analysis of the solution. Documented Control Plan. Training for procedures and responsibilities. Choices a and b are correct. Correct All of the above.

A Measurement System Analysis is reconsidered for Control because:

All of the above. Answers: The process team will have to do the measurements on a frequent basis. Changes have been made in the operational factors. It is necessary to make sure the measurement system is capable. Correct All of the above.

Which of the following are associated with Risk Management?

All of the above. Answers: The use of risk abatement plans. Identification and quantification of risk elements such as technical, cost, scheduling, marketing risk elements. Highlighting and managing risk as early as possible Correct All of the above.

If no correlation exists between two variables, then:

As one variable changes, one cannot predict a value for the other variable

A special cause of process variation is:

Assignable to a correctable problem.

A Student's t test can be used to determine whether or not differences exist in:

Averages

The line graph allows you to focus on the _________ from one value to another.

Change

Best tool to use when recording discrete or low-level data?

Check Sheet

The test used for testing independence of categorical variables is the:

Chi-square test

Which is an attribute of a good project:

Clearly relates to the customer requirements

Which of the following statements about Multiple Regression are NOT correct?

Collinearity among predictors means the predictors are not related to each other.

The probability that a X-bar point will fall outside of control limits is determined by the following except:

Comparing the F statistic to the F table.

When making measurements with test instruments, precision and accuracy mean:

Consistency and correctness, respectively

The following is true for Attributes charts except.

Constant sample sizes use the u chart.

A p-value is used in many statistical calculations. It can be described as:

Containing an extreme test statistic probability value as obtained from the sample data

The appropriate tool or technique used to achieve a sense of statistical control and analyze process capability is:

Control Chart

The following items can identify Key Process Variables for analysis except:

Corporate Quality Policy

Why do organizations use Six Sigma (6σ)?

Correct All of the above Answers: Bottom Line Benefits Customer Satisfaction Continuous Improvement Correct All of the above

Sources for criteria for effective solutions include:

Customer Requirements

The definition that states, 'total number of deficiencies divided by the total number of units' represents the calculation for:

DPU

Which of the following is found in a control plan?

Designated control methods, tools and systems.

A control chart is used to:

Detect non-random variation in processes

A cause and effect diagram is a useful tool for doing which of the following?

Developing theories based on symptoms

A process map is used to accomplish which of the following?

Diagram product or service path, operator actions, or administrative procedures

While evaluating solution ideas, a key stakeholder wants the team to pilot the solution in an area outside of the current scope. What is the best way to address the pilot proposal?

Discuss with stakeholders in the context of the existing charter

Final costs and benefits will not include:

Estimated value of future related projects

What is the benefit of piloting a solution?

Experience with taking a solution from paper to operation

Warranty claims are classified in which of the following cost of quality groups?

External failure

The test used for testing significance in an analysis of variance tables is the:

F-test

The best source for developing a Control Plan would be which of the following?

FMEA

Legal requirements specify that a bottled product must contain no less than the volume printed on the label. A bottling company wants to reduce the amount of overfilled bottles. On the basis of the data below, what is the most effective strategy to accomplish this task?

First decrease the target fill variation, then decrease the target fill volume

Which option does not reflect how replication affects an experiment?

Increase the treatment effects

A sequence of four replications consists of

One experiment with three repetitions.

The series "First, Second, Third, Fourth, and Fifth" is on which type of scale?

Ordinal

Most effective technique for prioritizing critical factors for problem solving?

Pareto Chart

Which of the following is the most effective technique for prioritizing critical factors for problem-solving?

Pareto diagram

Hypothesis testing is a statistical methodology that

Provides a certain amount of confidence with a decision

In what areas would upper management be most helpful in the initiation of a LSS effort?

Providing key resources to the organizations

Which type of sampling requires giving every part an equal chance of being selected for the sample?

Random

Which of the following tools are not usually used with Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)?

Regression Analysis

A statistical software program returned a p-value of 0.023. If the desired level of significance is 0.025, then the conclusion is:

Reject the null hypothesis, there is a statistical difference

The process information shown in the graph below is indicative of a

Trend

Designed Experiments:

can use qualitative and quantitative data

A company is receiving an unusually high number of returns from various customers. The first step in investigating the problem would be to:

classify the returns by type and degree of seriousness

Which of the following tools are not usually used with exploratory data analysis (EDA)?

regression analysis

Linearity

the consistency of the measurement system across the entire range of the measurement system

Accuracy

the differences between observed average measurement and a standard

The 'F' distribution is used to test:

the ratio of two variances

Precision is best described as

the repeated consistency of results

A six sigma team is investigating the sources of variation in fabric rolls. All rolls are different in length. The variable of interest is the number of holes per unit of length. Which control chart will work best for this situation?

u chart

Stability

variation obtained when the same person measures the same unit with the same equipment over an extended period of time

Repeatability

variation when one person repeatedly measures the same unit with the same measuring equipment

Reproducibility

variation when two or more people measure the same unit with the same measuring equipment