BUS FINAL

Which of the following is a true statement regarding the stages of group development? A group that fully evolves through the four stages of development usually is productive. As a group progresses through the stages of development it grows in size. The sequence of group development stages is set by the organization. Groups rarely go through more than one stage of development. Groups make choices about which stage of development to complete first.

A group that fully evolves through the four stages of development usually is productive.

"A Theory of Human Motivation"; Hierarchy of Needs; based on the thought that humans are "wanting" animals

Abraham H. Maslow

The common styles of handling conflicts include all of the following except

Agreement

Kotter's eight stages of change consist of all of the following stages except

All are stages of change

Examples of reward power include all of the following except

All of the above are examples of reward power

You may be at increased risk for workplace violence if your job involves all except which one of the following?

Approving requests others make to you

In the science of communication, which is not a level of the Pyramid of Communication? Cooperative Institutional Societal Intrapersonal Group

Cooperative

In one of the presentations __________ said, "The Capacity for recognizing our own feelings are those of others, for motivating ourselves, for managing emotions well in ourselves and in our relationship."

Daniel Goleman

"Achievement Motivation"; the two groups of people are the "minority" and the "majority"

David C. McClelland

"The Human Side of Enterprise"; Theory X (relies on outside control of human behavior) versus Theory Y (relies on self-control and self-direction)

Douglas M. McGregor

____ are usually temporary and are established to solve a particular problem. Friendship groups Task groups Affinity groups Interest groups Command groups

Task groups

In the presentation phase of negotiation, you assemble the information you've gathered in a way that supports your position.

True

Job enrichment involves giving employees more control over the tasks they perform on the job. True False

True

Leadership is the act of influencing others to work toward a goal and leaders exist at all levels of an organization.

True

Mechanistic organizations are often rigid and resist change, making them unsuitable for being innovative and taking quick action.

True

Mechanistic structures are similar to bureaucracies, highly formalized and centralized.

True

Most people are uncomfortable with conflict, but a moderate amount of conflict can actually be healthy.

True

Negotiation is a process whereby two or more parties work toward an agreement and negotiation has five phases.

True

Non-programmed decisions are unique and important decisions that require conscious thinking, information gathering, and careful consideration of alternatives. True False

True

One reason that power can be so easily abused is because individuals are often quick to conform.

True

Organizational behavior is the study of human behavior in organizational settings, the interface between human behavior and the organization, and the organizational itself. True False

True

Organizational culture effects all employees and is by and large invisible to individuals.

True

Resistance to change is one of the top reasons why change efforts fail.

True

Straightforward decisions are termed programmed decisions, or decisions that occur frequently enough that we develop an automated response to them. True False

True

The "corporate athlete" approach to stress is a proactive (action first) rather than a reactive (response-driven) approach. True False

True

The behaviors in organizations that are rewarded are the ones that tend to recur. True False

True

The collection of people who attend a class together could be called a group. True False

True

The degree to which employees in an organization behave ethically depends on the culture of the organization.

True

The first stage in negotiation is the investigation, or information gathering, and it is often ignored.

True

The key to remember about stressors is that they are not necessarily a bad thing. True False

True

The reality is that within meaningful group discussions there are usually varying opinions about the best course of action; but if people are suppressing their opinions, the final result may not be the best solution.

True

The way diversity has been managed at IBM had been primarily to ignore differences and provide equal employment opportunities.

True

What you say is a vital part of any communication, but what you don't say can be even more important. True False

True

According to the American Psychological Association surveys, topping the list of stresses are all except money children work housing

children

The group members express their views more openly in the ____ stage of group development? mutual acceptance communication and decision making productivity control and organization motivation

communication and decision making

The research of Edwin Lock assumes that behavior is a result of the requirements established by the organization. the organizational culture. conscious goals and intentions. the internal organizational forces to increase profits. none of the above.

conscious goals and intentions.

Oral communication is not a better choice when the sender needs feedback immediately. does not need a permanent record of the conversation. is conveying a sensitive or emotional message. has a complicated message.

has a complicated message.

The equation P = M + A + E states that performance is a function of motivation, activity, and equity. management, assets, and equity. motivation, ability, and environment. motion, activity, and equilibrium. mastery, acquisition, and expertise.

motivation, ability, and environment.

According to goal-setting theory, actual performance is determined by the interaction of organizational support, goal-directed effort, and individual abilities. availability of resources, employee attitudes, and goal clarity. goal-directed effort, employee motivation, and goal specificity. goal difficulty, employee attitudes, and organizational support. goal importance, goal attachment, and goal specificity.

organizational support, goal-directed effort, and individual abilities.

Teams differ from groups in that teams place more emphasis on concerted action than groups do. are usually larger than groups. are usually temporary. place little emphasis on common objectives. pursue multiple goals.

place more emphasis on concerted action than groups do.

All of the following are symptoms of groupthink except illusion of invulnerability. collective efforts to rationalize or discount warnings polarization that affects group decision-making stereotyped views of enemy leaders. direct pressure on a member.

polarization that affects group decision-making

William is a member of a small group of employees from different work areas. They meet once each week to discuss and recommend solutions to workplace problems. This group is probably a(n) problem-solving team interdisciplinary team work team management team quality circle

problem-solving team

In managing diversity, which is not a key factor that topped the list of key concerns for women?

work-life management challenges topped the list of concerns for women.

Which is not an important reason for understanding organizational behavior? Most people are born and educated in organizations. Government organizations regulate many of our activities. Most adults spend the better part of their lives working in organizations. Organizational behavior offers specific perspectives on the human side of management. All of the above are important reasons for understanding organizational behavior.

All of the above are important reasons for understanding organizational behavior.

Which of the following is not a stage of group development? Control and organization Motivation and productivity Mutual acceptance Communication and decision making All of the above are stages of group development

All of the above are stages of group development

Which is not one of the 7 B's of relationship building?

Be happy

In which stage is the group considered to be mature? Communication and decision making Motivation Productivity Mutual acceptance Control and organization

Control and organization

Decisions can be classified into three categories based on the level at which they occur. Which is not one of the categories? Calculated decisions Strategic decisions Tactical decisions Operational decisions

Calculated decisions

"Existence, Relatedness and Growth Model"; ERG theory, suggests that more than one kind of need may motivate a person at the same time

Clayton P. Alderfer

____ power exists when a person has the ability to punish or harm someone else.

Coercive

____ power is the most difficult form of power to exercise.

Coercive

____ theory assumes that people are motivated to work toward a goal if they want that goal and think they can achieve it. Perception Equity Attribution Reinforcement Expectancy

Expectancy

____ power exists when a person controls valuable information.

Expert

From the "Influence without Authority" presentation, which is not a critical component of respect?

Expertise

According to one estimate, 31.9% of CEOs resigned from their jobs because they had conflict with a coworker.

False

According to the Saylor textbook, communication fulfills three main functions within an organization, including coordination, transmission of information, sharing emotions and feelings, and increased productivity. True False

False

Collaboration is the one "right way" to deal with conflict.

False

Esteem needs involve realizing our full potential. True False

False

Many important decisions are made at higher levels in decentralized companies and at lower levels in centralized companies.

False

Mary Parker Follett is associated with "The Giving of Orders" and Frederick Hertzberg is associated with "Achievement Motivation." True False

False

Niccolo Machiovelli was born in Florence, Italy in 1669?

False

Personality differences among coworkers are common, but by understanding some primary differences we can fully understand how others see the world.

False

Power and influence are essentially interchangeable terms.

False

Stress is defined by psychologists as the body's reaction to change that requires a physical, mental, emotional, or psychological adjustment or response. True False

False

The job characteristics theory was developed by Frederick Taylor and Abraham Maslow. True False

False

Types of communication include verbal, written, mixed, and nonverbal. True False

False

"Hygiene-motivation theory", distinguishes between "hygiene" and "motivation" factors; suggests that "motivation" factors are what actually lead to improved job satisfaction and performance

Frederick Herzberg

"Principles of Scientific Management"; "Father of Scientific Management"; explained how to increase employee productivity by "scientifically" designing how work should be done

Frederick Winslow Taylor

"The Hawthorne Experiments"; Hawthorne Effect; people tend to behave differently when they know they are being studied

Fritz Roethlisberger

"Goal Setting -- A Motivational Technique That Works"; effective goal-setting enhances productivity

Gary P. Latham and Edwin A Locke

____ is defined as the extent to which a person is interested in reaching a goal. Goal importance Goal commitment Goal acceptance Goal attachment Goal specificity

Goal commitment

_______ believed that unmanaged stress could create physical diseases such as ulcers and high blood pressure, and psychological illnesses such as depression. C Ward G Kirkwood T Schwartz H Selye

H Selye

Examples of nonverbal cues that can support or detract from a sender's message include all the following except Space Handwritten notes Posture Body Language

Handwritten notes

Which is not a benefit of diversity?

Higher litigation

In general, how do leaders exercise legitimate power?

Keeping aware of information that is relevant and that may be needed by the organization

Which of the following is not a way that managers can use expert power?

Keeping education, experience, and accomplishments private

____ power is granted by virtue of one's position in the organization.

Legitimate

"Overcoming Resistance to Change"; addressees why people resist change and how resistance in demonstrated in their behavior

Lester Cock and John R. P. French, Jr.

The Giving of Orders"; employees would be more productive and positive if management created a mutual environment of trust and mutual respect

Mary Parker Follett

In which stage of group development do members develop norms of behavior? Mutual acceptance Control and organization Communication and decision making Motivation and productivity Reformation

Motivation and productivity

Which theory serves as the basis for job enrichment? Equity theory Need theory Expectancy theory Maslow's hierarchy of needs None of the above

None of the above

Which of the following is not one of the purposes of norms? Norms help the group avoid embarrassing situations. Norms simplify the behaviors of the group members. Norms help the group survive. Norms regulate group members' thoughts and feelings. Norms express the central values of the group.

Norms regulate group members' thoughts and feelings

__________ structures are flexible, decentralized structures with low levels of formalization and fluid communication.

Organic

____ power exists when a person wants to be like someone else.

Referent

For various reasons, Anne is unable to move ahead into a higher position at work. According to Alderfer's ERG theory, which of the following sets of needs will become more important to Anne? Existence Growth Relatedness Security Belongingness

Relatedness

John has satisfied his basic needs and has many friends. He is now trying to learn new skills and advance his career. According to Alderfer, John's activities are explained by which component of ERG theory? Satisfaction-progression Frustration-regression Importance-satisfaction Satisfaction-regression Frustration-progression

Satisfaction-progression

What is the difference between work groups and teams with regard to job categories? Teams have fewer and broader job categories than groups. Job categories for teams and groups depend on the reward system. Teams and groups have the same number of job categories. Groups have fewer and narrower job categories than teams. The authority structure in teams is much more hierarchical.

Teams have fewer and broader job categories than groups.

What is the primary use of performance appraisal information? To provide job performance feedback To develop training and development programs To provide support for human resource decision making To provide human resource planning information To allocate organizational rewards

To provide job performance feedback

A company's culture is tied to the personality, background, values, and vision of its founder.

True

A group norm is a standard against which the appropriateness of a behavior is judged. True False

True

At times it makes sense to build in some conflict over ideas if none exists.

True

Between 50% and 90% of a manager's time is spent communicating, and communication ability is related to a manager's performance. True False

True

Centralization is the degree to which decision making authority is concentrated at higher levels in an organization.

True

Conflict management techniques include changing organizational structures to avoid built-in conflict, changing team members, creating a common "enemy," using accommodating others, avoiding the conflict, collaborating, competing, and compromising.

True

Cultural change often begins by the creation of a sense of urgency on the part of employees.

True

Employees who are given the opportunity to participate in making decisions may feel more committed to properly executing those decisions. True False

True

Fifty-five percent of face-to-face communication comes from nonverbal cues such as tone and body language. True False

True

Formalization is the extent to which policies, procedures, job descriptions, and rules are written and explicitly articulated.

True

Formalization reduces ambiguity and provides direction, but it can also reduce innovativeness.

True

Impression management means actively shaping the way you are perceived by other but does not include photos you use to represent yourself online.

True

In 2007, women constituted 46% of the workforce in the United States.

True

Which was not listed as a daily practice to improve communication skills? Write Observe Read Listen

Write

The need for ____ is most frequently associated with David McClelland. security power achievement self-esteem self-improvement

achievement

Visual signs of a company's culture include all of the following except

all are included

Organizational change involves a change in a company's

all of the above

_______________ is the main advantage of a mechanistic structure.

efficiency

Steps in the rational decision-making model include all the following except generate alternatives choose the best alternative eliminate alternatives identify the problem

eliminate alternatives

Barriers to effective communication include all the following except workplace gossip selective perception information overload Filtering emotional connection

emotional connection

A person in the organization has the ability to give bonuses to employees as part of a corporate compensation program. This is an example of ____ power.

expert

According to Herzberg, once a state of no dissatisfaction has been reached, the manager should strive to create a feeling of equity. the employee will naturally be satisfied. further attempts to enhance motivation via the hygiene factors will be a waste of time. the employee will be motivated to achieve. increased attention to motivation factors is pointless.

further attempts to enhance motivation via the hygiene factors will be a waste of time.

Goals are used in organizations for two primary purposes. Goals are an effective control device and means of communicating with employees. provide a useful framework for managing motivation. training tool. means of increasing individual self-efficacy. social learning mechanism.

provide a useful framework for managing motivation.

John is on a team with other members of his department that provides advice about how to fix different organizational quality problems. This team is probably a quality circle. product development team. management team. skills team. work team.

quality circle.

An up-and-coming executive who is charismatic is likely exhibiting ____ power.

referent

Offering incentives that are desirable to workers is an example of how to effectively use ____ power.

reward

Having common performance goals affects teams by selecting the defining purpose of the team. lowering commitment to the team's purpose. increasing team-based compensation. setting the tone and direction of the team. making the team similar to other groups and teams.

setting the tone and direction of the team.

Diversity refers to the ways in which people are _________ each other.

similar or different from

Boateng said one of the greatest gifts you can give to a child is

the Belief that there is nothing they can't be or do

The basic expectancy framework suggests that for motivated behavior to occur, he performance-to-outcome expectancies should approach zero. the sum of all the valences for the relevant potential outcomes must be negative. none of the valences for the relevant potential outcomes should be negative. the effort-to-performance ratio should be well above 10. the positive valences should outweigh the negative valences of potential outcomes.

the positive valences should outweigh the negative valences of potential outcomes.

What will typically happen in the first phase of group dynamics? the motivation of group members. control and evaluation of group activities. a mature group evolves. a four-step process of group development. the reasons for forming the group determine the type of group.

the reasons for forming the group determine the type of group.

The size or number of people that constitute a group is ten or more. limited to fifteen. fewer than two people. limited to ten. two or more.

two or more.