BUSI 401 MC

1. The definition of Major Vertical Penetration according to BOMA is: (1) All stairs, elevator shafts, pipes and vertical ducts, etc. including their enclosing walls. (2) All stairs, elevator shafts, pipes and vertical ducts, etc., but excluding their enclosing walls. (3) All stairs, elevator shafts, pipes and vertical ducts, etc. including their enclosing walls, but excluding those penetrations built for the private use of a tenant occupying space on multiple floors. (4) All stairs, elevator shafts, pipes and vertical ducts, etc., as well as structural columns and openings for plumbing, telephone cabling and electrical wiring.

1. Answer: 3 Major Vertical Penetrations are stairs, elevator shafts, pipe shafts, vertical ducts and the like and their enclosing walls, which serve more than one floor of the building. Also included are any Areas of Refuge which are not isolated but form part of a stairwell. Not included in Major Vertical Penetrations are stairs, dumbwaiters, lifts and the like exclusively serving one tenant occupying offices on more than one floor, or structural columns and cable/plumbing openings.

10. The Floor Rentable Area of the Main Level is: (1) 43,560 square feet (2) 41,064 square feet (3) 40,344 square feet (4) 40,904 square feet

10. Answer: 3 Floor Rentable Area of Main Level Floor Rentable Area = Gross Measured Area ! Major Vertical Penetrations Gross Measured Area = 220 × 198 ! (78 × 32) = 43,560 ! 2,496 = 41,064 sq.ft. (Courtyard taken out, as it is not part of the building) Major Vertical Penetrations: Elevators = 2 × (8 × 10) = 160 sq.ft. Stairwells & refuge area = 2 × (28 × 10) = 560 sq.ft. (incl. refuge areas at foot of stairwells) Floor Rentable Area = 41,064 ! 160 ! 560 = 40,344 sq.ft.

11. The Floor Rentable Area of the Second Level is: (1) the same as Main Level as long as refuge areas are not considered in the measurement. (2) the same as Main Level as the floors have the same areas and vertical penetrations. (3) lower than that of the Main Level due to additional vertical penetrations. (4) higher than that of the Main Level due to additional common areas.

11. Answer: 2 Floor Rentable Area - Second Level is the same as Main Level at 40,344 sq.ft. as the floors have the same areas and vertical penetrations.

12. Calculate the Floor Usable Area of the Main Level. Hint: Remember that the Floor Usable Area will include all building common areas as these are accounted for separately in the Building R/U Ratio. (1) 36,658 square feet (2) 38,024 square feet (3) 40,344 square feet (4) 46,424 square feet

12. Answer: 2 Floor Usable Area of Main Level Floor Usable Area = usable areas of offices and retail units on each floor (excludes vertical shafts, corridors, lobbies, etc.). Floor Useable Area excludes corridors and washrooms, but includes Building Common Areas (e.g. janitorial room). Therefore, the two lobbies plus access to the two elevators and stairwells as well as the janitorial room are included in Floor Usable Area as they are considered Building Common Areas and hence are accounted for in calculating the Building R/U Factor. Right Corridor: length (43 + 25 + 8) = 76 feet (starting at elevator) width 6 feet 76 × 6 = 456 sq.ft. Corridor running left to right: length (5 + 32 + 43 + 6) = 86 feet (excl. secondary lobby) width 6 feet 86 × 6 = 516 sq.ft. Washroom corridor: length (25 + 8) = 33 feet width 6 feet 6 × 33 = 198 sq.ft. Washrooms (2 banks per flr.) 2 × (23 × 25) = 1,150 sq.ft. Floor Rentable Area of Main Level 40,344 sq.ft. Less: corridors & washrooms (not building common areas) 2,320 sq.ft. Main Floor Usable Area 38,024 sq.ft.

13. Calculate the Floor Usable Area of the Second Level. Hint: Remember that the Floor Usable Area will include all building common areas as these are accounted for separately in the Building R/U Ratio. (1) 36,658 square feet (2) 38,048 square feet (3) 40,344 square feet (4) 46,424 square feet

13. Answer: 1 Floor Usable Area of Second Level (No building common areas on this level.) Right Corridor: length (60 + 30) = 90 feet width 6 feet 90 × 6 = 540 sq.ft. Left Corridor: (same as right corridor) 540 sq.ft. Top Corridor length (220 ! 45 ! 6 ! 6 ! 45) = 118 feet and area in front of elevator: width 6 feet + 10 × 2 = 20 feet 118 × 6 + 20 = 728 sq.ft. Bottom Corridor: (same as top corridor) 728 sq.ft. Washrooms (2 banks per flr.) 2 × (23 × 25) = 1,150 sq.ft. Floor Rentable Area of Second Level 40,344 sq.ft. Less corridors, washrooms 3,686 sq.ft. Second Floor Usable Area 36,658 sq.ft.

14. Calculate the Floor R/U Ratio for the Main Level. Hint: Remember that the Floor Usable Area includes Building Common Area. (1) 1.0322 (2) 1.05 (3) 1.0610 (4) 1.1006

14. Answer: 3 Floor R/U Ratio of Main Level = 40,344 sq.ft. ÷ 38,024 sq.ft. = 1.0610 (so approximately 6.0% main floor gross-up factor)

15. Calculate the Floor R/U Ratio for the Second Level. Hint: Remember that the Floor Usable Area includes Building Common Area. (1) 1.0322 (2) 1.05 (3) 1.0603 (4) 1.1006

15. Answer: 4 Floor R/U Ratio of Second Level = Floor Rentable Area / Floor Usable Area = 40,344 sq.ft. ÷ 36,658 sq.ft. = 1.1006 (so approximately 10.1% floor gross-up factor)

16. Calculate the Building Common Area. Assume that the secondary lobby extends to the end of the stairwell and that the washrooms on the Main Level are included in the Floor R/U Ratio, and should not be included in the Building R/U Ratio. With respect to the main lobby off the surface parking lot, assume that the building lobby portion extends only to the side of the elevator core. (1) 1,626 square feet (2) 2,296 square feet (3) 2,394 square feet (4) 2,776 square feet

16. Answer: 3 Building Common Area (in this particular building, all Building Common Areas are located on the main level) Main Lobby (bottom of diagram): length (198 - 54 - 90) = 54 feet width 15 feet 54 × 15 = 810 sq.ft. Elevator & Janitorial access: depth 6 feet width (28 + 15 + 6) = 49 feet 6 × 49 = 294 sq.ft. + 2 × (10+6) = 32 sq.ft. (in front of elevator) + 3 × 5 = 15 sq.ft. (in front of janitorial room) Secondary Lobby: length (45 + 6 +10) = 61 feet width 8 feet 8 × 61 = 488 sq.ft. + 28 × 6 = 168 sq.ft. (stairwell access) Janitorial Room: (13 × 4) + [(13 + 7) × 25] + [(36 - 25 -4) × 5] 52 + 500 + 35 = 587 sq.ft. Total Building Common Area 2,394 sq.ft.

17. Calculate the Building R/U Ratio. Assume that the secondary lobby extends to the end of the stairwell and that the washrooms on the Main Level are included in the Floor R/U Ratio, and should not be included in the Building R/U Ratio. With respect to the main lobby off the surface parking lot, assume that the building lobby portion extends only to the side of the elevator core. (1) 1.0325 (2) 1.0514 (3) 1.0603 (4) 1.1035

17. Answer: 1 Building R/U Ratio = Building Rentable Area ÷ (building rentable area - basic rentable area of building common area) = (2 × 40,344) ÷ [(2 × 40,344) ! (2,394 × 1.061)] = 80,688 ÷ (80,688 ! 2,540) = 80,688 ÷ 78,148 = 1.0325 (approx. 3.3% building gross-up factor)

18. Calculate the Usable Area of office premises, Office #2. (1) 1,290 square feet (2) 1,677 square feet (3) 1,797 square feet (4) 1,849 square feet

18. Answer: 3 Office #2 Usable Area: split the premises up into 2 strips (from top to bottom) following the various depth changes in the space Width × Depth strip 1) 43 × 39 = 1,677 strip 2) (43-13) × 4 = 120 Total = 1,797 sq.ft.

19. Calculate the Rentable Area of office premises, Office #2. (1) 1,778 square feet (2) 1,835 square feet (3) 1,895 square feet (4) 1,969 square feet

19. Answer: 4 Rentable Area: Rentable Area = Usable Area × R/U Ratio R/U Ratio = Main Floor R/U Ratio × Building R/U Ratio = 1.0610 × 1.0325 = 1.0955 Rentable Area = 1,797 × 1.0955 = 1,969 sq.ft.

2. Which of the following equations is accurate, with respect to the new BOMA Standard Method for Measuring Office Buildings? (1) Basic Rentable Area = Gross Building Area × Floor R/U Factor. (2) R/U Factor (or gross-up) = Floor R/U Factor × Building R/U Factor. (3) Floor Rentable Area = Floor Usable Area ÷ Floor R/U Factor. (4) Gross Building Area = Area of building as measured from exterior finished surface of permanent outer building walls, minus Vertical Penetrations.

2. Answer: 2 The overall R/U Ratio (also know as Gross Up Factor) may be different for each floor of a building, depending on the variation in Floor Rentable Area. However, it is this overall R/U Ratio (as opposed to Floor or Building R/U Ratio) that should be known by appraisers and property managers for each tenant in a building under discussion.

3. With respect to the determination of Rentable Area for a single-tenant office building, how does this differ from the Rentable Area of a multi-tenant office building, according to the BOMA Standard Method for Measuring Office Buildings? (1) Only in a single-tenant building are elevator lobbies included in Rentable Area. (2) All underground storage and parking facilities are included in Rentable Area in a single-tenant building. (3) Vertical penetrations are included in a multi-tenant building's Rentable Area but excluded for a single-tenant building. (4) Gross Building Area can be used for leasing purposes as Rentable Area only for a single-tenant building, not for a multi-tenant building.

3. Answer: 4 Vertical penetrations built for the private use of a tenant occupying Office Areas on more than one floor are counted as Rentable. Option (1) is incorrect because elevator lobbies in multi-tenant buildings are considered Rentable Area. Option (2) is incorrect because underground storage for single-tenants are included in Useable Area not Rentable area.

4. Which of the following is NOT included as a building common area according to the BOMA Standard for Measuring Buildings? (1) Mail room. (2) Main lobby. (3) Stairs. (4) Enclosed courtyard.

4. Answer: 3 Stairs are considered a major vertical penetration by the BOMA standard, and building common areas do not include major vertical penetrations.

5. Floor Common Area as calculated using the BOMA Standard: (1) includes public washrooms. (2) includes stairwells. (3) excludes maintenance rooms for the particular floor. (4) excludes the public hallway through the floor.

5. Answer: 1 Option (1) is correct because the floor common area includes any public corridors and washrooms as well as any rooms used for electrical, mechanical, maintenance, or ventilation purposes for that particular floor.

6. The revised BOMA Standard published in 1996 differs from the previous one in that: (1) building lobbies are now included in the Rentable Area of the main floor tenant only. (2) storage facilities are now excluded from Rentable Area. (3) loading docks are now excluded from Rentable Area. (4) mechanical rooms are now included in Rentable Area.

6. Answer: 4 The "new" Standard introduced in 1996 by BOMA is similar to the previous version (1980) in most ways except all building lobbies, mechanical rooms, loading docks, and storage facilities are all now included in the Rentable Area.

The next FOURTEEN (14) questions are based on the following information: The two pages at the end of this assignment show the floor plans for a multi-tenant two-storey office building with interior courtyard in an office park in Calgary. The front of the building facing Main Street comprises six retail stores, with the remainder of the building finished as office premises. All measurements on the plans are in feet. Using the information on the floor plans as well as the additional information noted at the bottom of the plans, calculate the following according to the BOMA International Standard discussed in this lesson. Students should note that the corridor running behind the retail units (retail service corridor) would not normally be included in the Floor Usable Area measurement. However, for the purposes of this question it should be included because the hallway provides access to several offices on the main floor and acts as a secondary lobby. 7. The Usable Area of store Retail #2 is: (1) 1,836 square feet (2) 2,040 square feet (3) 2,160 square feet (4) 2,376 square feet

7. Answer: 1 Usable Area Retail #2: Total Usable Area #4 = 34 × 54 = 1,836 sq.ft

8. The Usable Area of store Retail #3 is: (1) 756 square feet (2) 876 square feet (3) 1,080 square feet (4) 1,200 square feet

8. Answer: 2 Usable Area Retail #3: Area of front half: = 20 × 20 = 400 sq.ft. Area of back half: = (20 ! 6) × 34 = 476 sq.ft. Total Usable Area #5: = 400 + 476 = 876 sq.ft.

9. The Rentable Areas of stores Retail #2 and Retail #3 are: (1) the same as their Usable Areas because there is no R/U factor applied for retail premises. (2) the same as their Usable Areas because these floors have the same vertical penetrations. (3) lower than their Usable Areas because of the R/U factor. (4) higher than their Usable Areas because of the R/U factor.

9. Answer: 1 The Rentable Areas for Retail #2 and #3 are the same as the Usable Areas because there is no R/U Factor applicable for retail premises.

10. You are designing an office building which is expected to have relatively low live loads. Economy is a major consideration and you are working within a building height restriction. Given this, you are mostly likely to use which of the following concrete floor systems? (1) Flat plate (2) Flat slab (3) One-way joist (4) Two-way joist

Answer: 1 An advantage of a flat plate system is that it maximizes story height due to its shallow roof system. This may permit more stories to be accommodated if the building's height is restricted. The other systems listed are for heavier load applications, making them more costly to build and yielding less usable area.

4. Which one of the following is a commonly used ceiling finish system in office buildings? (1) Exposed "T" suspension system. (2) TJIs. (3) Demountable steel partition. (4) Unit masonry cladding.

Answer: 1 An exposed "T" suspended ceiling is a commonly used ceiling finish system in office buildings. TJIs are pre-fabricated wood beams; demountable steel partitions are used to create temporary partition walls; and unit masonry cladding is for the building's exterior.

8. You are analyzing agricultural properties for sale and an expert advises you that the soil is predominantly of the Class II e. This soil has A limitations of which the main risk is B . (1) A is moderate; B is erosion (2) A is severe; B is excess water (3) A is moderate; B is excess water (4) A is severe; B is erosion

Answer: 1 Class II soils have moderate limitations which reduce the choice of plants that can be grown or indicate the need for moderate conservation practices. Subclass e soils have a main risk that is erosion.

A can resist compressive forces, while B can (also) withstand tensile forces. (1) A = Concrete; B = Steel (2) A = Steel; B = Concrete (3) A = Concrete; B = Concrete (4) None of the above are correct.

Answer: 1 Concrete is good in compression, as the applied forces press the concrete components together but is weak in tension. Steel is equally strong in compression and tension.

4. Which of the following is LEAST likely to be a necessary consideration when conducting an environmental audit? (1) Fire hydrant location. (2) Storage tank location. (3) Capacity of drums and containers. (4) Air emissions and odours.

Answer: 1 Fire hydrant location is an important consideration in an appraisal, but is not required to be analyzed in an environmental audit. Storage tank location, capacity of drums and containers, and air emissions and odours are all features of interest in an environmental audit.

8. As a fire detection consultant you must ensure that proper detection systems are chosen for various building uses. For each of the following building uses, briefly explain which primary fire detection system you would recommend. A. The control room of a large industrial plant which contains all of the plant's electrical services. B. A gas station storage room where motor oil and engine products are stored. C. A sawmill containing highly combustible wood chips and extremely dusty air. (i) ionization sensor (ii) smoke detector (iii) flame detector (1) A - i; B - ii; C - iii (2) A - ii; B - iii; C - i (3) A - i; B - iii; C - ii (4) A - iii; B - i; C - ii

Answer: 1 For A, an ionization sensor would be the most appropriate primary fire detection system because it is the best system to detect electrical overloading. For B, a smoke detector would be the most appropriate primary fire detection system because a large amount of smoke is generated by fires in oil products. For C, a flame detector would be the most appropriate primary fire detection system because the dust would adversely affect the operation of an ionization or smoke detector system, and a heat detector would not be activated quickly enough given the highly combustible wood chips.

8. Jim is currently constructing a wood-framed apartment building and is deciding upon cladding for the exterior. Which of the following is most commonly used as a finishing material for this type of building/structure? (1) Aluminum siding. (2) Cement boards. (3) Mosaic tile. (4) Glazing.

Answer: 1 For wood frame apartments, the principal finishing material typically used is stucco with some brick veneer or wood siding as relief, or aluminum or vinyl siding.

4. In your inspection of a masonry building, you have become concerned that the contractor is not allowing the grout to cure long enough and is removing the shoring too quickly. What negative effects can this have on the building? (1) The masonry wall may not be sufficient to carry its own weight or other superimposed construction loads. (2) This may result in efflorescence. (3) The sequencing of construction may become inconsistent resulting in building delays and an increase in overall cost. (4) The masonry wall may become susceptible to water degradation during freeze thaw cycles.

Answer: 1 If the grout is not allowed to cure and if the shoring is removed too quickly, the masonry wall may not be sufficient to carry its own weight or other superimposed construction loads. Efflorescence is caused by an inconsistent mortar mix. Water degradation during freeze thaw cycles can be avoided by including weep holes to allow water to drain away.

1. Which of the following statements regarding concrete is FALSE? (1) Concrete is relatively low cost, durable, and not combustible. (2) Concrete is generally the most economical building material for uses which require large open spans, such as arenas. (3) Concrete can absorb water and must be protected in order to avoid corrosion of steel reinforcement. (4) None of the statements above are false; all of the statements are true.

Answer: 1 If the material underlying the foundation was instead soft clay, this would increase the size of the footings required, as soft clay has a lower allowable bearing pressure.

10. How would the size of the footings be affected if the material underlying the foundation was instead soft clay? (1) Required footing size would increase. (2) Required footing size would decrease. (3) The required footing size would not change. (4) Footings would no longer be required since shale is a non-organic material.

Answer: 1 If the material underlying the foundation was instead soft clay, this would increase the size of the footings required, as soft clay has a lower allowable bearing pressure.

9. Which of the following statements regarding industrial properties is FALSE? (1) Industrial buildings are usually quite standard in size and finishing, especially outside of industrial parks. (2) 50% manufacturing, 40% warehouse, 10% office is a typical floor area for manufacturing buildings. (3) Tilt-up concrete is the dominant form of construction for modern warehouses. (4) Saw-tooth roofs offer the advantage of natural lighting in industrial buildings.

Answer: 1 Industrial buildings in industrial parks are sometimes reasonably standard in size and finishing, but are typically quite dissimilar outside of industrial parks. The other three options are true.

2. Consider the following statement: In a rocky area, a single pile should not be used alone for structural support because a driven pile could hit a rock and bend away from its intended location. (1) This statement is true. (2) This statement is false, because a pilaster foundation should be used in rocky areas. (3) This statement is false, because the allowable bearing pressure of rock is 100 tsf. (4) Both (2) and (3) are correct.

Answer: 1 Option (1) is correct. Option (2) is incorrect because a pilaster refers to a wall support. Option (3) is incorrect because the allowable bearing pressure of rock has no relevance to this question.

3. Which of the following statements regarding steel is FALSE? (1) A disadvantage of steel construction is its unpredictable consistency and its weight in comparison to its strength. (2) An advantage of steel construction is that there are pre-engineered systems available which can be used for fast, accurate assembly. (3) A common problem with steel is rust, therefore galvanizing or painting is recommended. (4) None of the statements above are false; all of the statements are true

Answer: 1 Option (1) is false because steel has a predictable consistency and is light in comparison to its strength. Its flexibility can produce almost any configuration using welded and bolted connections, and modular forms allow for rapid construction. Pre-engineered systems can be used for fast, accurate assembly. These packaged systems are planned to use the minimum weight of structural steel while maintaining structural integrity. A common problem with steel is rust, therefore galvanizing or painting is recommended. If prolonged oxidization is expected, the designer may increase the size of the members to allow for loss of material during the life of the structure.

2. You have been hired as an interior designer to advise a client on the interior finish of her building. Which of the following is NOT correct in outlining a consideration in making this decision? (1) In low traffic areas, you may use a durable tile floor to avoid the high cost of premature replacement. In higher traffic areas, you may use carpet. (2) When designing a meeting room you want to install sound absorbing materials on the ceiling to keep reverberation time short. (3) You will need to install a fire separation wall around high hazard occupancies (i.e. a chemical engineering lab with highly flammable materials). (4) You may want to choose traditional/conservative finishes to avoid refinishing "trendy" choices when styles change.

Answer: 1 Option (1) is incorrect, as in high traffic areas, you may use a durable tile floor to avoid the high cost of premature replacement. In lower traffic areas, you may use carpet. In general, in looking at interior finish, you must take into account installation cost, maintenance cost, and replacement cost. These three costs are interrelated and you must find the best balance to minimize overall cost. Other considerations include noise control, fire resistance, and aesthetic quality. Noise control: you must consider the degree of noise control required. This will be accomplished by choosing materials with a high noise absorption to reduce both airborne and impact noise. Fire resistance: you must determine the fire resistance required by NBC and the National Fire Code for your intended use and occupancy requirements. Partitions and finishes are required by code to have a fire resistance rating depending upon their use. Aesthetic quality: you must determine the aesthetics that the owner requires for the finished product. Finishes should provide a clean, durable covering for floors, walls, and ceilings. You need to determine the combination of workmanship, quality of materials, construction processes, and quality of maintenance to deliver this. Other design goals could include durability and accommodation of mechanical and electrical systems

The next TWO (2) questions are based on the following information: Your client, Grania McBridal Ltd., has just read about the West Bend Mutual Insurance Company's successful installation of a Building Intelligence System and is wondering whether installing a BIS would be worthwhile for her business. Grania wants you to determine if the productivity gains from a fully integrated BIS will justify the cost of installing and maintaining this system. In your preliminary analysis, you have determined the following information: Annual Production: $750,000 Building Cost: $1.3 million Installation of fully integrated BIS: 5% increase in building cost Increased Employee Productivity with BIS: 3.3% Maintenance Costs associated with BIS: $6,500 in first year (increasing 10% per year thereafter) 9. Taking into account the productivity gains, and based on a five year plan, you need to recommend whether or not Grania should install a BIS. (Note: Your answer does not need to consider any issues regarding time value of money or present value analysis). Which of the statements below is NOT correct? (1) Installing the BIS system will cost more to install than the productivity it would gain, and therefore it is not recommended that one should be installed. (2) The installation costs of a BIS are significant and Grania must determine if she has the capital required to install one. (3) The installation costs of a BIS are significant and Grania must determine if this is the best use of this capital, or if she would be better off investing it elsewhere. (4) Installing the BIS system will cost less to install than the productivity it would gain, and therefore it is recommended that one should be installed.

Answer: 1 Option (1) is incorrect—the calculations below show a net gain in productivity, and therefore it would probably be worthwhile for Grania to install this system Installation cost: $1.3 million × 5% $65,000 Maintenance Costs: Year 1 6,500 Year 2 7,150 Year 3 7,865 Year 4 8,652 Year 5 9,517 Total Maintenance Costs: $39,684 Total Overall Cost for five years: $104,684 Increased productivity: (annual production × increased productivity) $750,000 × 3.3% = $24,750 $24,750/year × 5 years = $123,750 Installing and maintaining the BIS will cost approximately $105,000 over five years, but the savings from increased productivity will be $123,750 over this time. Other factors which could affect this decision include: • Grania's initial funding capabilities — does she have enough initial capital to spend this additional $65,000 on construction? • her "opportunity cost" for these funds — in other words, can she invest the $65,000 elsewhere and earn a better return than the productivity savings from the BIS? (If her decision is to be made solely on the basis of finan

3. Which of the following statements is TRUE? (1) A CCTV surveillance camera can be used to monitor building access points, as long as there is adequate lighting for the viewing range of the camera. (2) The advent of coaxial cable in telephone systems has increased the capabilities of these systems for computer integration. (3) An ERW is an Electrical Recovery Window and is used to monitor electrical output. (4) All of the statements above are true.

Answer: 1 Option (1) is true. Option (2) is false because fibre optic cable has increased the capabilities of telephone systems. Coaxial cable is used to carry television signals between video cameras and monitors. Option (3) is false because an ERW is an Environmentally Responsive Workstation and allows the individual workers in a building to control their specific working environment.

9. Which of the following is NOT a component or aspect of grain elevator systems? (1) Auger driven cattle feed mills. (2) Bushel capacity per hour of the elevator system. (3) Driers capable of drying large quantities of grain. (4) Bushels of grain capacity.

Answer: 1 Options 2 to 3 are all components or aspects of grain elevator systems. Option 1 is a component of a cattle feed yard.

8. Which of the following processes will minimize moisture penetration through concrete to the reinforcing steel, preventing oxidization? (1) The application of a plastic coating to the concrete exterior. (2) Using the proper water cement ratio. (3) The use of air-entrained concrete. (4) Both (1) and (3) are correct.

Answer: 1 The application of paint or plastic coatings will minimize moisture penetration through the concrete to the reinforcing steel preventing oxidization.

5. Consider the following statement: Excessive settlement can result from decaying organic material under the foundation. (1) This statement is true. (2) This statement is true only in the situation where a caisson foundation has been used. (3) This statement is false, because settlement is caused by frost movement. (4) Both (2) and (3) are correct.

Answer: 1 The statement is true, so option (1) is correct. Option (2) is incorrect because a caisson foundation should help control settlement. Option (3) is incorrect because settlement can be caused by factors other than just frost movement.

1. Which of the following is the most common and economical construction method for department stores? (1) Concrete frame. (2) Steel frame. (3) Glulam beams and steel posts. (4) Structural masonry.

Answer: 2 Department store construction uses only two types of construction methods: steel and concrete. Concrete frames, however, are the most expensive to form and pour which makes them less common and not very economical. Modern retail construction is typically one or two storey shopping centres (malls) and is more often constructed with steel to keep costs down.

6. In performing a building check, evidence of usage and condition of asbestos does not include the following: (1) Boiler insulation. (2) In wall cavities. (3) Pipe wrap. (4) Friable ceiling tiles.

Answer: 2 Evidence of usage and the condition of asbestos should be checked, including spray-on "limpet" fireproofing, pipe wrap, friable ceiling tiles, acoustical plaster, and boiler insulation. In a building check, the inspector is not expected to determine if there is asbestos within wall cavities.

6. Which of the following statements is FALSE? Hint: read the White excerpt. (1) In high-rise buildings, structural elements diminish the higher up one builds, resulting in more rentable space on each floor. (2) A hydraulic elevator is preferable to electric for taller buildings. (3) Heat pumps are useful to help address the problem of heat loading. (4) None of the statements above are false; all of the statements above are true.

Answer: 2 Hydraulic elevators are preferable for low-rise buildings. Above four floors, electric elevators are recommended.

7. Which of the following statements is NOT a purpose for the application of irrigation? (1) To dilute salts in the soil. (2) To repel insects. (3) To maintain crops during droughts. (4) To supply the water for crop growth.

Answer: 2 Irrigation is the application of supplemental water to soil for any number of the following purposes: • To supply the moisture essential for plant growth • To assure a crop during short droughts • To moderate the temperature of soil and atmosphere, thereby making more favourable conditions for plant growth. • To leach or dilute salts in the soil.

2. Which of the following statements regarding apartment heating systems is TRUE? (1) National Building Code requires that a heating system is capable of a minimum temperature of 19 degrees Celsius. (2) An advantage of using electric baseboard heating is less need for mechanical rooms. (3) A disadvantage of hot water heating systems is the requirement for unsightly cast iron radiators. (4) All of the statements above are true.

Answer: 2 Option (2) is correct. Option (1) is false because the National Building Code requires that a heating system be capable of a minimum temperate of 22 degrees Celsius. Option (3) is false because there are alternatives to cast iron radiators in hot water heating systems.

1. Consider the following statement: A "substructure" is required in a building only when there is the potential for frost heaving or if underground parking is required. (1) This statement is true. (2) This statement is false, because a substructure is required for every building to transfer loads from the building to the ground below, regardless of parking structures or frost heaving. (3) This statement is false, because it is a "foundation" that is required in this situation, and not a "substructure". (4) Both (2) and (3) are correct.

Answer: 2 Option (2) is correct. Option (3) is incorrect because the terms "foundation" and "substructure" are synonymous.

6. A sophisticated BIS central control unit should integrate the control of all building systems into one monitoring station. The command structure of an integrated multi-level control system will have four main components: A. Zone level controllers B. System level controllers C. Operational level processors D. Management level processors Indicate which components would most likely be responsible for each of the following functions: (i) the cooling requirement for the entire building needs to be raised in response to occupant requests. (ii) the property manager needs to analyze past false alarms to determine if fire detectors are set to an overly sensitive level. (iii) the thermostat in a room activates the room's individual electric heater. (iv) the electricity needs to be shut off for a vacant floor in an office building. (1) A - i; B - ii; C - iii; D - iv (2) A - iii; B - iv; C - i; D - ii (3) A - ii; B - iv; C - iii; D - i (4) A - iii; B - i; C - ii; D - iv

Answer: 2 Option (2) is correct. The command structure of an integrated multi-level control system will have four main components: Zone level controllers act directly on individual items, such as function (iii). System level controllers control major equipment for a number of zones, either directly or through the zone level controllers; function (iv). Operational level processors can exercise control over the various systems for the entire building; function (i). Management level processors can control all subsystems in an emergency, but are primarily used to collect and store system data for management; function (ii).

3. Which of the following is typical of a community shopping centre? (1) It has a gross leasable area range of 20,000 to 30,000 square feet. (2) It sells mostly convenience goods. (3) It is anchored by a junior department store and a large grocery store. (4) It serves a population of approximately 30,000.

Answer: 3 A community shopping centre is typically anchored by a junior department store and a large grocery store, and offers a wide selection of retail and service units. It serves a population of between 40,000 and 150,000, and has a gross leasable area range of 85,000 to 230,000 square feet.

7. Your BIS consultant has recommended that you hire separate suppliers for each component of the BIS system to ensure you get an "expert" in each respective field. Is this sound advice? (1) Yes, because using non-experts can lead to expensive system down-time. (2) No, because using several suppliers could lead to problems such as incompatible components, maintenance delays, and a lack of overall responsibility from the suppliers. (3) Yes, because using experts in each field ensures compatibility of components and allows single source maintenance. (4) Both (1) and (3) are correct.

Answer: 2 Option (2) is correct. This is not sound advice. A BIS should incorporate all of the systems into a central monitoring station and using a single supplier for the entire system ensures compatibility of components and allows single source maintenance. Using several suppliers could lead to problems such as incompatible components, maintenance delays, and a lack of overall responsibility from the suppliers. All of these factors can lead to expensive system down-time.

6. Which of the following statements is FALSE? (1) When an appraiser is measuring a retail strip mall, the overall description of the building will generally include gross building dimensions using the external measurements. (2) Percentage and overage rents are not as common in enclosed malls as they are in strip mall projects. (3) Inadequate number of parking spaces in a retail strip mall contributes to poor rental rates and high vacancies. (4) The design of the strip mall building is not generally as critical as location, although designs with more architectural merit attract better tenants.

Answer: 2 Option (2) is false because percentage and overage rent are not as common in strip malls projects as they are in enclosed malls.

9. Which of the following statements is TRUE? Hint: read Panella excerpt. (1) A flat plate system uses drop panels to increase the strength of the concrete around the columns. (2) A joist floor system may be preferable to a flat plate system if long spans are required and the floor will be subject to heavy loads. (3) If required bay sizes are less than 25 feet, a waffle slab is likely the most economical choice of floor system. (4) All of the above are true.

Answer: 2 Option (2) is true. A joist floor system is economical for long spans with heavy loads. Option (1) is false because it is flat slab systems which use drop panels to increase the strength of the concrete around the columns. Option (3) is false because a waffle slab (two-way joist system) is the most costly of the concrete floor systems and is designed for long spans; if required bay sizes are less than 25 feet, a flat plate is likely the most economical choice.

6. Which of the following statements is TRUE? (1) Roofing materials must be water vapour permeable so that vapour which passes upwards through the interior vapour barrier does not become trapped in the roof structure. (2) High-rise buildings are particularly susceptible to wind-driven moisture penetration due to increased wind velocities at higher elevations. (3) Electrical and mechanical services cannot be installed in load-bearing steel stud walls because the holes required will reduce the ability of the studs to carry loads. (4) When moving furniture, a "U" stair with half landing would offer the most convenience.

Answer: 2 Option (2) is true. Option (1) is false because the roof is in direct contact with water and should be impermeable. There should be adequate ventilation under the roofing material to let this vapour escape. Option (3) is false because load-bearing steel stud walls can have pre-drilled holes to accommodate wires and pipes. However, these holes must be carefully placed or they will change the design characteristics of the member and its ability to carry loads. Option (4) is false because a straight run stair type would be more convenient for moving furniture

2. Which of the following statements are FALSE? A. The understanding of local laws and bylaws is critical to the analysis of all agricultural properties. B. Property value trends for similar properties within any given neighbourhood tend to be similar. C. All agricultural commodities in Canada, are controlled by marketing boards. D. Soil fertility is the single most important factor to consider in the analysis of grain farms. (1) Only statements A and B are false. (2) Only statements C and D are false. (3) Only statements A and D are false. (4) All of the statements above are false.

Answer: 2 Statements A and B are true. Statement C is false: most agricultural commodities are subject to some form of marketing control or facilitator, but not necessarily marketing boards. Statement D is false, focussing on the importance of soil productivity and not just fertility. Fertile soil without heat units and moisture is non-productive.

10. You are currently examining a property that was well-known to be contaminated with heavy metals due to heavy industrial processing over decades. The site has since been cleaned up. The fact that this contamination was so widely publicized may decrease the value of the property by way of: (1) reduced revenues. (2) stigma. (3) increased operating costs. (4) disruption.

Answer: 2 Stigma is a market-imposed penalty that can effect a property known or suspected to be contaminated, property that was once contaminated but is now considered clean, or a clean property located in proximity to a contaminated property. Various intangible factors will affect the value of this property.

9. Assume you have designed your footings according to the strength considerations above. What other engineering consideration must you consider when building directly on the in-situ clay soil? (1) Amount of pre-consolidation required to support the foundation's piles. (2) Degree of settlement expected. (3) Choosing between friction or end-bearing footings. (4) Heat loss through the soil.

Answer: 2 When building foundations on organic materials, the degree of settlement must be carefully considered. Even if the foundation is safely within strength limits for the structure, the underlying materials may not have acceptable expected settlement. This is particularly true if the in-situ material has been disturbed, as this may compact further and lead to uneven settlement.

3. Which of the following types of foundations would be best described as a cylindrical site-cast concrete foundation that penetrates through unsatisfactory soil to rest upon an underlying stratum of rock or satisfactory soil? (1) Pile. (2) Pier. (3) Caisson. (4) None of the above.

Answer: 3 A caisson is a cylindrical site-cast concrete foundation that penetrates through unsatisfactory soil to rest up an underlying stratum of rock or satisfactory soil.

6. Your client wishes to purchase an agricultural property. During the inspection, you discover that the animal waste storage capacity is only two months. Which of the following is the best explanation for what you should do? (1) Indicate this information on the report. (2) Indicate this on the report and suggest that two months is sufficient to meet local bylaws throughout Canada. (3) Investigate bylaws affecting animal waste storage and state in your report if this capacity conforms to requirements. (4) Obtain a statement from the owner indicating that the property complies to all bylaws.

Answer: 3 A significant aspect of property analysis is to determine compliance to the laws of the land and therefore this situation must be addressed. The best course of action is Option 3, investigating local bylaws and stating if the property meets these regulations.

3. You are looking at finishes for your new building and must decide on the quality of carpeting. Your two options are: (i) pay $10 per square metre for a carpet with a life expectancy of 5 years and replace the carpet every five years; or (ii) pay $40 per square metre for a carpet with a life expectancy of 15 years. You will need 750 square metres of carpeting and your lease is for 15 years. Assume that every five years, carpets will go up in price by 25% and will still have only a five year life expectancy. In making this decision, you wish to focus on "life cycle costing". Which of the following is correct? (1) Option (ii) is the more economical choice and has the added benefit of allowing a change in style every five years. (2) Option (ii) is the more economical choice, but the carpet may be of poorer quality and wear out quicker than option (i). (3) Option (i) is the more economical choice, but requires carpet to be laid three times, which is a disruption to tenants. (4) Option (i) is the more economical choice, but its high initial cost may not fit into current budget.

Answer: 3 As shown below, Option (i) is the economical choice. In "life cycle costing," you must examine total costs when choosing finishing materials, as opposed to looking at only the initial cost of installation. You need to consider the expected life of the building and the future costs of maintenance and possible early replacement of finishes should you choose substandard materials. You must look at the balance of these costs when deciding on the carpet. It is possible that the carpet with a higher initial cost might have a lower overall cost when maintenance and replacement costs are considered. Option (i): Years 1-5: $10.00 × 750 sq. m. = $ 7,500 Years 6-10: $12.50 × 750 sq. m. = $ 9,375 Years 11-15: $15.62 × 750 sq. m. = $ 11,715 Total cost: $ 28,590 Option (ii): Years 1-15: $40.00 × 750 sq. m. $ 30,000 Option (i) is the less expensive carpet and is the more economical choice, particularly when considering the time value of money (money spent in the future costs less than money spent today). Other factors to consider: • option (i) requires a carpet layer three times — disruption to tenants • option (i) may be poor quality and wear out quickly, giving the office a poor appearance until the carpet is replaced (may decrease rents that can be charged or increase vacancies) • option (i) allows a change in carpet style every five years, while option (ii) may be out of style before it is in disrepair • option (ii): high initial cost might not fit in building budget • option (ii): other renovations may require removal before full life cycle value is realized.

4. Which of the following statements are TRUE? A. Traffic is the most important single variable considered by oil companies when selecting a site suitable for the development of a gas bar. B. Studies have shown that a service station site on the "going to work" side of the street is more desirable than a site on the "going home" side of the street. C. In rural highway service station locations, a site midway between two cities or destination points is considered desirable. D. Being adjacent to traffic light controlled intersections is deemed to be a disadvantage of service station site locations. (1) All of the above statements are true. (2) Only A, B, and C are true. (3) Only A and C are true. (4) Only B and D are true.

Answer: 3 Both A and C are true. Studies have shown that placing a service station on the "going home" side of the street is more desirable than a site on the "going to work" side of the street. Being adjacent to or in proximity to traffic light intersections, yield signs, etc. is an advantage.

7. Which of the following statements is FALSE, with respect to service station ownership? (1) The large oil companies account for just under 75% of all service stations in Canada. (2) In small scale "mom and pop" outlets, the owner often owns both the real estate and business. (3) Cross leases are preferred by major oil companies as they allow greater control over possible site contamination. (4) Independent retailers operating on leased land may operate on a commission basis.

Answer: 3 Cross leases involve loans from a major oil company to small scale independent operator, where funds for improvements are paid back through a per litre fee. These arrangements are becoming less common today because oil companies prefer to develop land they own, largely because this provides more control over possible site contamination.

1. You have purchased a large facility to store frozen fish before they are transported to the cannery. You need to make some changes to the mechanical systems. What type of fire safety system should you install? (1) Deluge system. (2) Preaction system. (3) A combination of dry pipe and preaction systems. (4) A combination of preaction and deluge systems.

Answer: 3 Dry pipe/preaction systems are a combination of dry pipe and preaction systems that are highly specialized and rarely used except in large commercial freezers. Like a dry pipe system, it can have sprinklers in areas where freezing temperatures occur, such as a commercial freezer. As well, it is activated by a mechanical or electronic device like a preaction system.

9. For commercial and industrial properties, company records shall be examined. Which of the following is NOT considered to be a useful document in a Phase I ESA? (1) Site plans. (2) Building plans. (3) Audited financial statements. (4) Production and maintenance records (e.g., process control diagrams).

Answer: 3 For commercial and industrial properties, company records shall be examined. These include: site plans, building plans, and production and maintenance records. Audited financial statements are not necessary in this analysis.

2. Which of the following is NOT considered a hazardous substance? (1) Asbestos. (2) Polychlorinated biphenyls. (3) Polyvinyl chloride. (4) Formaldehyde.

Answer: 3 Frequently encountered hazardous substances are heavy metals, polychlorinated biphenyls, formaldehyde, asbestos, radon, petroleum products, and electromagnetic fields. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a commonly used plastic.

5. Which of the following statements regarding industrial parks is FALSE? (1) They are well-suited to warehousing. (2) Space for loading and parking is provided off the street. (3) They should have a minimum clearance of 10 feet to allow the stacking of materials. (4) The development of rows of adjoining warehouses allows for business expansion.

Answer: 3 Industrial parks should have a minimum clearance of 12 feet, however, a clearance of 16 to 20 feet is more practical.

4. Consider the following statement: The estimated cost of a building is based solely on the direct cost of the building components. (1) This statement is true. (2) This statement is true only in the situation where the architect/engineer acts as the owner's agent to oversee construction. (3) This statement is false, because there are many non-component costs that form part of total cost, such as contractor's overhead, staff, equipment, insurance, etc. (4) Both (2) and (3) are correct.

Answer: 3 Option (3) is correct, as this statement is false for the reason stated. Option (2) is incorrect as the architect/engineer acting as owner's agent will not have this effect on overall cost.

2. Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding wood as a building material? (1) Wood is appealing because of its relatively low cost. (2) Wood is one of the most commonly used building materials. (3) Wood is not affected by changing humidity levels. (4) None of the statements above are false; all of the statements are true.

Answer: 3 Option (3) is false because wood members are not dimensionally stable; rather their size and shape change with moisture content and thus are affected by humidity in the environment. Wood is an appealing material because it is a renewable resource, has an attractive appearance, and is available at relatively low cost. It remains one of the most commonly used building materials.

2. In designing HVAC systems, the costs of heating must be balanced with the need for fresh air. Which of the following statements regarding building ventilation is FALSE? (1) Forced ventilation is typically a series of fans and ducts that supply the specified volume of air through the building. (2) Air exchange equipment can be used to extract heat from exhaust air in order to pre-heat incoming fresh air, thus saving heating costs. (3) Excessive ventilation is the main cause of sick building syndrome. (4) All of the statements are false.

Answer: 3 Option (3) is false. Sick building syndrome is caused by inadequate ventilation in "air tight" buildings; uncontrolled ventilation (e.g., through unintentional openings) will help minimize this problem. The other options are true. Ventilation can be natural (i.e. opening windows), forced (through an HVAC system), or uncontrolled. In modern buildings, the ventilation system is typically a series of fans and ducts that supply the specified volume of air through the building. In winter, air exchange equipment can be used to extract heat from exhaust air in order to pre-heat incoming fresh air, thus saving heating cost.

4. Which of the following statements is FALSE? (1) Dropped ceilings should be used in control rooms. (2) Spending more on decentralizing control systems such as heating will potentially improve productivity of the workforce. (3) The installation of a flame detector in a mechanical room containing equipment that emits infrared radiation is ideal as it will minimize the risk of this radiation. (4) Heat detectors are the most commonly used method of early warning fire detection systems.

Answer: 3 Option (3) is false. The selection of the proper detection device must successfully interact with the other equipment and services in the room. A flame detector in a room containing equipment that emits ultraviolet or infrared radiation will activate whenever the equipment is used, thus defeating the purpose.

8. After examining your building's design plans, the structural engineer has just informed you that the locations of the interior walls must be changed because of imposed load concerns. Which of the following statements regarding concrete block walls is NOT correct? (1) Load-bearing concrete block walls may require steel reinforcement and must be carefully designed for openings for doors and windows. (2) Non-load-bearing concrete block walls may need no reinforcement, and offer more flexibility in the placement of opening. (3) An interior wall separating rooms in an individual apartment would typically be a load-bearing wall. (4) An interior wall separating suites in an apartment building would typically be a load-bearing wall.

Answer: 3 Option (3) is incorrect because interior walls between rooms in an individual apartment would typically be nonload-bearing partition walls. Load-bearing walls must support loads of the structure above and transfer this load down to the foundation below. A structural engineer is needed to oversee the design of load-bearing partitions. Nonload-bearing partitions carry only their own dead weight and the weight of any attached objects. They do not carry any structural load and require no structural experience to design. Because they are not integral with the structure, nonload-bearing partitions can be located anywhere within the building.

3. A major issue in the apartment real estate market is the conversion of rental apartments for sale as condominiums. Which of the following statements is TRUE? Hint: read the Mills and Reynold's excerpt. (1) A general rule of thumb is that 50% of existing tenants must be capable of purchasing their apartment units and be willing to do so. (2) Suburban garden apartments are generally better candidates for conversion than downtown high-rises. (3) In carrying out a conversion, the typical emphasis is enhancing common areas and replacing mechanical equipment. (4) The key factor in market analysis of a condominium conversion is what product the typical buyer wants.

Answer: 3 Option (3) is true. Option (1) is false because the general rule of thumb is that 25% of existing tenants must be capable of purchasing their apartment units and be willing to do so. Option (2) is false because downtown high-rises are generally better candidates for conversion than suburban garden apartments. Option (4) is false because the product in a condominium conversion is constrained by the character of the existing apartments, so the key consideration is a suitable market for the given product of existing units, not what product the typical buyer wants.

9. Which of the following statements is FALSE with respect to office buildings? (1) The structure of an office building has an impact on the cost of insurance premiums. (2) Office parks are usually located in landscaped, suburban areas and are often close to an airport. (3) Structural bay spacing in modern office buildings is 12-16 feet. (4) All floors in a high-rise must have access to enclosed staircases which are to be used in an emergency.

Answer: 3 Options (1), (2), and (4) are true. Option (3) is false because in modern buildings, the recommended structural bay spacing is 30 feet.

20. What would the Rentable Area of this building be if the building were occupied by a single tenant? Note that the measurements provided on the plan are exterior measurements to midpoint fenestration and are thus not entirely accurate for this calculation. Due to the lack of other measurements, these should be used in this question. (1) 41,064 square feet (2) 43,560 square feet (3) 78,434 square feet (4) 82,128 square feet

Answer: 4 If the building were occupied by a single tenant, the gross building area is taken as the rentable area. Rentable area is: Exterior measurements: 198 × 220 = 43,560 sq.ft. Less Courtyard: 78 × 32 = ! 2,496 sq.ft. 41,064 sq.ft. × 2 flrs. 82,128 sq.ft.

5. You have just been commissioned to design four buildings. Listed below are four building types and four building materials. For each building type, you are to recommend the most suitable choice for the primary building material. A. A 20 storey office building B. A one storey corner shopping centre C. A sports arena with large open spans D. A residential townhouse i. Reinforced concrete ii. Wood iii. Masonry iv. Steel (1) A - iv; B - ii; C - iii; D - i (2) A - i; B - iv; C - ii; D - iii (3) A - i; B - iii; C - iv; D - ii (4) A - iii; B - i; C - iv; D - ii

Answer: 3 Reinforced concrete would be a suitable choice for a high rise office building. Masonry is a suitable choice for a one story corner shopping centre. Steel is a suitable choice for sports arena with large open spans. Wood is a suitable material for a townhouse development.

7. Which of the following is NOT a method of treating the exterior of the foundation system in order to increase its general envelope performance (i.e., thermal or moisture protection)? (1) Add waterproofing. (2) Add rigid (foundation) insulation. (3) Add steel reinforcement. (4) Ensure proper drainage.

Answer: 3 Steel reinforcement is added to improve the strength of the interior of the concrete structure. The exterior of the foundation can be treated in the following ways to increase its performance: (i) Add waterproofing to protect basement from water seepage. This can be an oil-based product brushed onto the exterior wall, or a membrane attached with adhesive. (ii) Ensure proper drainage around foundation to divert water away from building. This drainage is typically drain tile placed at the footing which drains to an adjacent lower level. (iii) Add rigid (foundation) insulation to reduce thermal heat loss from basement and to prevent frost damage below slab on grade structures

1. Which of the following statements are TRUE? A. The underlying process to analyze agricultural properties is the same as that used for urban properties. B. The factors to be analyzed in agricultural properties are the same as those analyzed for urban properties. C. Different factors will need to be analyzed for agricultural properties which produce different commodities. D. The administration of federal marketing programs is identical from province to province. (1) Only statements A and D are true. (2) Only statements B and D are true. (3) Only statements A and C are true. (4) Only statements A and B are true.

Answer: 3 The objective of this question is to emphasize the fact that the appraisal process is the same for all properties including agricultural properties. The difference is that items or factors being measured will differ between urban and agricultural properties, and between agricultural properties producing different commodities. The final statement once again alerts the student to the need to know the local laws affecting the marketing of the various commodities produced.

8. Pre-engineered buildings are becoming very popular for light industrial applications, but there are some disadvantages to their use. Which one of the following is the LEAST likely to be a disadvantage of using a pre-engineered building? (1) Poor water-tightness. (2) Poor durability. (3) Poor economy and speed of construction. (4) Poor aesthetics of the "pre-engineered look".

Answer: 3 The relative economy and speed of construction is an advantage of pre-engineered construction, compared to other methods. Disadvantages of pre-engineered buildings are their tendency to leak, their durability, and their poor aesthetic qualities.

3. Which of the following are the three principal systems used for legal descriptions of property in the United States? (1) Metes and bounds; Recorded plat; Townships (2) Townships; Meridians; Ranges (3) Recorded plat; Metes and bounds; Rectangular survey (4) Rectangular survey; Townships; Ranges

Answer: 3 The three principal systems used for legal descriptions in the United States are the 1) rectangular survey, 2) metes and bounds, 3) recorded plat systems. The legal description of a rural or agricultural property often includes portions described by all three systems.

5. A "sick building" label is generally given to a building due to: (1) a municipal quarantine order. (2) an air conditioner that is too powerful. (3) too many people working in the building. (4) poor ventilation.

Answer: 4 "Sick building" syndrome results from poor ventilation. An HVAC system is designed to control temperatures, provide ventilation, and remove some air-borne particles. Contaminants may include such things as tobacco smoke, photocopier exhaust or other office equipment emissions, interior finishes, furniture fabrics, office equipment, residue from cleaning products, pesticides, and from external contaminants. All of the potential causes of the sick building syndrome have not as yet been identified, but poor ventilation is presumed to be the cause in 70% of the buildings.

1. The following is a detailed section showing the build-up of a typical wall. The following are building components used in this wall assembly: (i) 6 mm Polyethylene (vapour barrier) (ii) Building Paper (air barrier) (iii) Batt Insulation (thermal barrier) (iv) Stucco Cladding (water barrier) (v) 1/2" Drywall (air and vapour barrier) Match the building components with the corresponding underlined space. (1) A - i; B - ii; C - iii; D - iv; E - v (2) A - ii; B - i; C - v; D - iii; E - iv (3) A - iv; B - iii; C - v; D - i; E - ii (4) A - iv; B - ii; C - iii; D - i; E - v

Answer: 4 A - iv, stucco cladding B - ii, building paper C - iii, batt insulation D - i, polyethylene E - v, drywall

10. Which of the following outlines important considerations in determining soil productivity and desirability in an agricultural application? (1) Texture, structure, consistency, and arrangement of soil horizons. (2) Fertility, colour, and pH. (3) Topography, drainage, and climate. (4) All of the above are important considerations in determining soil productivity.

Answer: 4 All of the characteristics listed are important considerations in determining soil productivity and desirability in an agricultural application.

6. Which of the following statements regarding girders, joists, and beams is TRUE? (1) Girders are large horizontal members which carry floor loads directly to building columns. (2) Joists are smaller floor members which are placed from wall to wall and which are used to support ceiling or subfloor materials. (3) Beams may either refer to all types of horizontal framing members, or may refer only to minor floor members such as joists. (4) All of the statements are true.

Answer: 4 Girders, joists and beams are all horizontal load bearing members. Girders are large horizontal members which carry floor loads directly to building columns. Joists are smaller floor members which are placed from wall to wall and which are used to support ceiling or subfloor materials. Beams may either refer to all types of horizontal framing members, or may refer only to minor floor members such as joists.

5. A building's plumbing waste system must effectively drain away waste water to the municipal sewer system, while preventing foul odours and sewage backups coming up from this system. Which of the following is NOT a correct description of a component of this system? (1) A venting system (i.e. a vent stack) should be used to reduce back pressure from the sewage system and to equalize pressure within the system to allow waste water to flow out more effectively. (2) A fixture trap is a bend in a pipe which holds water to keep a liquid seal between the sewer pipe and the toilet, in order to prevent sewer odours from escaping into the building. (3) To avoid backflow of sewage into the building, adequate size pipes must be used (to prevent clogging) and a backflow prevention valve should be placed near the municipal sewer pipe, in order to limit the effect of a backup in the municipal system. (4) All of the statements above are correct.

Answer: 4 All of the statements are correct. To avoid backflow of sewage into the building, adequate size pipes must be used (to prevent clogging) and a backflow prevention valve should be placed near the municipal sewer pipe (to limit the effect of a backup in the municipal system). A venting system (i.e. a vent stack) should be used to reduce back pressure from the sewage system and to equalize pressure within the system to allow waste water to flow out more effectively. To prevent sewer odours from escaping into the building, a system of vent pipes and traps must be used. A fixture trap (i.e. a bend in the pipe which holds water) keeps a liquid seal between the sewer pipe and the toilet. A vent must be provided at a level higher than the bottom dip of the trap, so that the trap will not have its water siphoned out with the flushed out waste.

7. When inspecting the interior of a building for possible site contamination, it is necessary to: A. determine the methods used to dispose of fuel source waste products. B. note the location of a sump that displays signs of contamination. C. describe any cracks that may allow a contaminant to migrate from the source. D. identify and describe stains on the ceiling. (1) C and D only. (2) A and B only. (3) A, B, and C only. (4) All of the above.

Answer: 4 All of the statements are necessary when performing an interior inspection.

2. Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding HVAC systems for retail uses? (1) Small stores typically use rooftop HVAC systems. (2) Large area stores of two storeys or less generally use rooftop HVAC systems. (3) Department stores of more than two storeys generally use central HVAC systems. (4) None of the statements above are false; all of the statements above are true

Answer: 4 All of the statements are true.

5. Which of the following is NOT a factor that must be considered when choosing an elevator for an office building? (1) Number of occupants per floor. (2) Elevator speed. (3) Type of tenancy. (4) All of the above are factors that must be considered.

Answer: 4 All of the statements are true.

7. Which of the following statements is TRUE? (1) The space required for mechanical and electrical systems in office buildings has been increasing in recent years. (2) The number of washrooms required in a building is a function of occupant load and use classification. (3) An advantage of a high velocity air conditioning system over low velocity is that it permits more control of temperature throughout the building. (4) All of the statements above are true.

Answer: 4 All of the statements are true.

9. The terms "dew point" and "freeze-thaw cycle" are commonly used together. Which of the following statements regarding these terms is TRUE? (1) The dew point is the temperature where water vapour condenses and is useful to determine if water will form within wall cavities. (2) The freeze-thaw cycle looks at how water freezing and thawing in cold weather can affect a building (particularly concrete and masonry materials). (3) Dew point and the freeze-thaw cycle are both concerned with how temperature changes act on water and the effect this has on building systems. (4) All of the statements are true.

Answer: 4 All of the statements are true. Dew point and the freeze-thaw cycle are both concerned with how temperature changes act on water and the effect this has on building systems. The dew point is the temperature where water vapour condenses and is useful to determine if water will form within wall cavities. The freeze-thaw cycle looks at how water freezing and thawing in cold weather can affect a building (particularly concrete and masonry materials).

6. Consider the following statement: The only difference between a pile and a pier is that piles typically use "spread footings", while piers are generally not "end-bearing". (1) This statement is false because piles and piers differ in that a pile can be made of various materials (wood, metal), while a pier is generally made of reinforced concrete. (2) This statement is false because piles and piers differ in that a pile is driven, while a pier requires excavation and placement. (3) This statement is false because a pile does not sit on a footing or foundation. (4) All of the options above are correct.

Answer: 4 All three options are correct in outlining reasons why the statement is false; therefore option (4) is correct. Piles and piers differ in that a pile is driven, can be made of various materials (wood, metal), and does not sit on a footing or foundation; while a pier requires excavation and placement, is always end bearing, and is generally made of reinforced concrete. A spread footing is used for shallow foundations

10. A multi-entrance parking complex provides which of the following benefits? (1) Reduces traffic volume of adjoining streets. (2) Prevents the imposition of traffic restrictions by the local authority. (3) Improves flow of traffic in parking reservoirs. (4) All of the above are benefits of multi-entrance parking.

Answer: 4 All three options outline the benefits.

10. Which of the following statements regarding metal roofing is TRUE? Hint: read Richard article. (1) Battens always run against the direction of water flow. (2) When factory-painted steel roofs have become rusted, they are no longer salvageable and must be replaced immediately. (3) Galvanized steel roofs have a maximum life of 30 years if properly maintained. (4) None of the above statements are true.

Answer: 4 Battens always run with the direction of water flow. When factory-painted steel roofs have become rusted, they can be restored with a re-coating system. Galvanized steel roofs have a maximum life of 60 years if properly maintained. Therefore, answer (4) is correct.

3. In conducting a site visit, the building must be inspected for the presence of hazardous or environmentally sensitive materials. An inspector will be looking for evidence of which one of the following: (1) Radioactive materials. (2) Urea formaldehyde foam insulation. (3) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). (4) The inspector should look for all of the above in conducting a site visit.

Answer: 4 In conducting a site visit, the building must be inspected for the presence of contamination. This may include actual contaminated substances currently or previously being manufactured, used and/or stored on the premises, equipment using contaminated substances, or simply evidence or reason to suspect contamination. The inspector must look for evidence of contaminated substances such as asbestos, urea formaldehyde foam insulation, PCBs, radioactive materials, pesticides, herbicides, and CFCs. All of the options are required.

4. Why is so much attention directed to the legal description of the agricultural property being analyzed? (1) The property being analyzed must be accurately defined, and there could be ambiguities in some legal descriptions. (2) The credibility of the property report may be weakened if the legal description is inaccurate. (3) Landmarks used to identify boundaries can change location. (4) All of the above are true.

Answer: 4 In most cases, the legal descriptions are clear, however there are situations in which there are errors in the description or where landmarks such as rivers used to define boundaries have changed course. It is critical that these errors be addressed or the analyst may not know exactly what is being analyzed.

1. In the event of the discovery of environmental damage, who of the following may be held liable for costs of remediation? A. Landlords. B. Property managers. C. Tenants. (1) Only A and B may be held liable. (2) Only A may be held liable. (3) Only B and C may be held liable. (4) All A, B, and C may be held liable.

Answer: 4 Liability for the costs of remediation first falls to the party responsible for the contamination, which would the tenant or owner occupying the property at the time of contamination. If this party is not available, the responsibility falls on the successors in title, most likely the present owner. Other parties associated with the property, particularly those involved in the management or decision-making of the property owner (such as property managers), can be held responsible for remediation.

10. Which of the following statements about high-rise office buildings are TRUE? A. Their structures are typically made of concrete and steel. B. A minimal number of personnel are required to manage and maintain these buildings. C. Parking is usually underground. D. There will usually be at least two elevators. (1) All of the above statements are true. (2) Only Statements A and D are true. (3) Only Statements B and D are true. (4) Only Statements A, C, and D are true.

Answer: 4 Only statements A, C, and D are true. Statement B is false. High-rise office buildings are complex buildings to manage due to the complexity of the operating systems and the volume of tenants. The personnel usually includes at minimum a building manager, a maintenance engineer, and security staff.

7. Which of the following statements is TRUE? (1) Choosing a terrazzo floor instead of vinyl sheet reduces the dead load of the structure and may allow for smaller, less expensive structural members. (2) The main advantage of demountable partitions is that they are airtight, allowing for greater privacy and sound reduction. (3) All finishes in meeting rooms should be sound absorbing so that noise is reduced and to aid listeners in hearing speech intelligibly. (4) A good design will minimize interior bearing walls and columns in areas where they are likely to interfere with potential office layouts.

Answer: 4 Option (4) is true. Option (1) is false because terrazzo is heavier than sheet vinyl; this statement would be true if these terms switched places. Option (2) is false because the main advantage of demountable partitions is that they are very flexible and adaptable partitions. They do not provide very private space or good airborne noise reduction. Option (3) is false because sound absorbing finishes reduce noise and minimize reverberation time, both of which do aid in reducing noise and hearing properly. However, some sound reflection is necessary for speech to be heard intelligibly (i.e. the ceiling and upper portions of the walls should be reflective, while the floor and lower walls should be absorptive).

1. Which of the following is the most common structural system in high-rise apartment construction? (1) Flat plate. (2) Post-tensioning cable. (3) Steel frame. (4) Wood frame.

Answer: 4 Raised flooring improves access to wiring and doubles as an air plenum, eliminating the cost of duct work and reducing the volume required above a hung ceiling.

10. Grania is faced with the option of having raised floors in the building but is not convinced that this expense is worthwhile. What benefits will raised flooring offer? (1) Raised flooring eliminates the cost of work on traditional ducts. (2) Raised flooring reduces the space required above a hung ceiling. (3) Raised flooring improves access to wiring. (4) All of the above are benefits of raised flooring.

Answer: 4 Raised flooring improves access to wiring and doubles as an air plenum, eliminating the cost of duct work and reducing the volume required above a hung ceiling.

4. Which of the following sets of dimensions for a staircase satisfy both Sutton's Rule of Thumb and the National Building Code: (1) a rise of 215 mm; a run of 215 mm; a width of 850 mm (2) a rise of 180 mm; a run of 250 mm; a width of 850 mm (3) a rise of 215 mm; a run of 215 mm; a width of 900 mm (4) a rise of 180 mm; a run of 250 mm; a width of 900 mm

Answer: 4 The NBC stipulates that: • the maximum rise must be 200mm • the minimum run must be 210 mm • the minimum width must be 860 mm Sutton's rule of thumb: (i) Rise plus run should equal 430 mm: (430 - 250) = 180 mm (ii) Rise time run should be between 45,000 ! 46,000 mm : 250 × 180 = 45,000 mm 2 2 (iii) Run plus twice the rise should equal 610 mm: 250 + 2(180) = 610 mm The rise should be 180 mm and the run should be 250 mm, while the width must be 900 mm.

5. You have been hired to analyze an agricultural property for a well known lending agency. For ease of data entry, you are required to use their forms. One of the questions to be checked off includes information about the source and adequacy of the water supply. The turnaround time for the report is 24 hours and you do not have time to call in the services of an expert. Discussions with the owner indicate the well on the property has always provided plenty of water for the operation. Which of the following is the best explanation for what you should do? (1) Check off "well" as the source and "adequate" for supply. (2) Leave this section blank. (3) Check off "well" as the source and "adequate" for supply along with a note on the report indicating that the information about the water source and supply as obtained from the owner was not confirmed. (4) Leave this section blank and add a note stating that the owner indicated that the water source is from a well and that the supply was adequate however this information was not confirmed by an expert.

Answer: 4 The answer is (4). The appraiser should provide an explanation in the report explaining the source of information and how credible it is. The appraiser should not check off this item because if the area is checked off, the disclaimer note could be missed.

8. The level or degree of information gathered in a Phase I Assessment will be guided by the relevance of the information in determining the environmental conditions of a site. Which one of the following is NOT considered to be a factor? (1) Types of activities that have occurred on the property and neighbouring properties. (2) Framework of legislation and published guidelines that apply to the property. (3) Materials used on the property. (4) Production activities of a satellite plant.

Answer: 4 Types of activities that have occurred on the property and neighbouring properties, framework of legislation and published guidelines that apply to the property, and materials used on the property are all factors to consider in determining the degree of information to be gathered in an assessment. Production activities of a satellite plant would not be a relevant consideration in this assessment.

5. You are inspecting a rustic hotel with stone walls and notice that above the main door, the lintels are severely rusted. You bring this to the attention of the owner who cannot explain why this has happened, as he claims to have maintained the building impeccably. What might reasonably explain this excessive rusting of this lintel? (1) The owner has not maintained the building in a proper manner. (2) Flashing may have been installed backwards. (3) Flashing may be missing. (4) Both (2) and (3) are correct.

Answer: 4 Window and door flashing that is missing or improperly installed will cause water to migrate without control. In a masonry wall, this often means that the water will collect on the steel lintels above the doors and windows and cause them to rust out.

The next THREE (3) questions are based on the following information: You have just received the engineering report for an office building you are developing. You want to check the engineer's calculations for building load and foundation requirements. Your foundation will rest on medium clay and the building columns will have a vertical load of 3,500 kN. 8. What is the minimum footing size for these columns? In your calculations, ignore the weight of the footings themselves. (1) 3.39 metres × 3.39 metres (2) 4.27 metres × 4.27 metres (3) 2.34 metres × 2.34 metres (4) 6.04 metres × 6.04 metres

nswer: 2 Medium clay has an allowable bearing pressure of 2 tsf or 192 kN/m (2 × 96). 2 Footing area = 3,500 kN ÷ 192 kN/m = 18.23 m 2 2 = 4.27 metres × 4.27 metres (rounded up slightly)