Business Analytics and Data Visualization Final
c) Histogram
Which of the following graphical tools is used with quantitative data? a) Bar chart b) Pie plot c) Histogram d) Pareto chart
c) red with 0% luminance
The black color shown here could be described as __________. a) red with 0% saturation b) red with 100% saturation c) red with 0% luminance d) red with 100% luminance
c) scatter chart
A common type of chart that makes use of the preattentive attribute of spatial positioning is a __________. a) pie chart b) bar chart c) scatter chart d) control chart
c) Skewed left
A company collected the ages from a random sample of its middle managers. What would be the approximate shape of the relative frequency histogram for the following frequency distribution? a) Symmetrical b) Uniform c) Skewed left d) Skewed right
b) interactive dashboard
A dashboard that allows users to customize the data dashboard display, effectively allowing a user to filter the data displayed, is referred to as a(n) __________. a) noninteractive dashboard b) interactive dashboard c) static dashboard d) dynamic dashboard
c) Static dashboard
A dashboard that provides information on an organization's KPIs that may periodically be updated manually as new data and information are collected is referred to as a __________. a) KPI dashboard b) dynamic dashboard c) static dashboard d) trellis dashboard
c) both a categorical variable and a quantitative variable
A frequency distribution can be created for __________. a) only quantitative variables b) only categorical variables c) both a categorical variable and a quantitative variable d) neither categorical nor quantitative variables
b) is a graph of paired x and y values
A scatter chart __________. a) has to do with electron scatter b) is a graph of paired x and y values c) must be linear d) is a frequency graph of x values
b) =B5*C6/C5
Determine the formula being used to calculate the inflation-adjusted price in cell D5. a) =B5*C5/C6 b) =B5*C6/C5 c) =C5*B5/C6 d) =C5*C5/B6
b) right skewed
During exploratory data analysis of the single variable, Age of Best Actress Award Winners, the analysts created the following box plot. The distribution of this variable is __________. a) left skewed b) right skewed c) symmetrical d) unidentifiable
c) a median greater than 30
During exploratory data analysis of the single variable, Age of Best Actress Award Winners, the analysts created the following box plot. This variable has __________. a) no outliers b) a maximum of 50 c) a median greater than 30 d) a minimum of 0
a) multivariate analysis
Examining two or more variables at a time to explore relationships is called __________. a) multivariate analysis b) univariate analysis c) exploratory data analysis d) predictive analysis
a) determining which observations have missing values
Excel's COUNTBLANK function can help assess the quality of data by __________. a) determining which observations have missing values b) returning the number of blank cells in a column c) deleting any data errors d) returning the number of cells that meet a specific criterion
a) the ability to create data errors from manual entries
Excel's Data Validation tool can be used to control what a user can enter into a cell, limiting __________. a) the ability to create data errors from manual entries b) miscalibration of sensors that automatically collect data c) biased data d) None of these choices
The third dimension is not used to display any useful information, it only serves to decrease the data-ink ratio of the chart and make it more difficult for the audience to interpret. Even when the third dimension is used to display unique information, 3D charts are difficult to interpret. Therefore, the use of 3D charts for data visualization is generally not recommended.
Explain why the following three-dimensional chart is not useful in practice.
c) relative to the population of the region
In most cases, when creating choropleth maps, it is best to use a value __________. a) that is categorical b) relative to the entire population of the data c) relative to the population of the region d) None of these choices
a) Figure A
In which figure does the red have a higher percentage of saturation? a) Figure A b) Figure B c) Both figures have the same saturation d) Cannot be determined
a) create empathy with your audience
Including a photo in this chart is an effective way to __________. a) create empathy with your audience b) appeal to the ethos of the audience c) appeal to the logos of the audience d) focus on the aggregate statistics rather than just the individual numbers
b) blue-yellow
One of the less common forms of colorblindness is __________ a) red-green b) blue-yellow c) red-blue d) green-blue
d) Line chart
Sam needs to display data over time. Which of the following charts should he use? a) Scatter chart b) Pie chart c) Bar chart d) Line chart
b) the sample data are not representative of the population that is being studied
Survivor bias and selection bias are related because __________. a) the sample data set consists of a disproportionately large number of observations corresponding to positive outcomes for a particular event b) the sample data are not representative of the population that is being studied c) the sample has not been properly randomized to represent the intended population d) None of these choices
a) 1
The accompanying data set contains two variables: x1 and x2. How many missing x1 observations are there? a) 1 b) 0 c) 3 d) 15
c) 2000-2001
The average monthly price of regular gasoline in the United States was recorded for the years 1998-2005. Each year's distribution of average monthly regular gasoline prices is shown in the following box plot. Which two consecutive years saw the least amount of change in monthly gasoline prices? a) 1998-1999 b) 1999-2000 c) 2000-2001 d) 2001-2002
b) cool hues
The colors used in this chart are _________. a) warm hues b) cool hues c) bold hues d) symbolic hues
b) 10
The following strip chart displays individual tips a server receives categorized by meal time at a particular restaurant. Approximately what was the highest tip received at dinner time? a) 7 b) 10 c) 4 d) 8
a) 179.5
The following table contains data for the variable x and has one missing value completely at random. Rather than discarding the observations, estimate the missing value using the mean. a) 179.5 b) 150.0 c) 212.1 d) None of these choices are correct.
a) storyboard
The following visualizations are an example of a __________. a) storyboard b) trellis board c) matrix d) None of these choices
c) middle 50% of the distribution of the variable's values
The interquartile range is IQR = Q3 − Q1. Thus, it can be thought of as the__________. a) 75% interquartile range b) quartile or 25% of the distribution of the variable's values c) middle 50% of the distribution of the variable's values d) incorporation of all observations
b) iconic memory
The most quickly processed form of memory is __________. a) visual perception b) iconic memory c) short-term memory d) long-term memory
a) visual perception
The process through which our brains interpret the reflections of light that enter our eyes is known as ________. a) visual perception b) iconic memory c) short-term memory d) long-term memory
b) identify the frequency of a particular type of problem by location
This clustered bar chart represents the performance of a call center. The chart allows the IT manager to __________. a) identify how often a problem is related to hardware b) identify the frequency of a particular type of problem by location c) identify which city contains the most customers d) identify the percent of customers who do not have one of the listed problems
a) a big associated number
To draw the audience's attention to the number of children adopted in the current year, the following chart uses __________. a) a big associated number b) color c) form d) spatial position
a) pathos; emotional
Using a representative protagonist to which the audience can relate is an example of using _______ because it strengthens the _______ attachment with the audience. a) pathos; emotional b) logos; logical c) ethos; credible d) BAN; understanding
a) 30.5%
Using the following table, what is the percent of the relative frequency of a silver car being observed? a) 30.5% b) 26.1% c) 22.9% d) 20.6%
b) real values
Values that have been adjusted for inflation are called _________. a) nominal values b) real values c) inflated values d) deflated values
b) selection bias
When a sample that does not represent the population is chosen, Simpson's paradox is also a form of __________. a) survivor bias b) selection bias c) missing data d) data error
c) short-term memory
When our minds chunk, or group, similar pieces of information together and hold that information for about a minute, this is called __________. a) visual perception b) iconic memory c) short-term memory d) long-term memory
c) Enclosure
Which Gestalt principle is being applied in the following chart? a) Similarity b) Shading c) Enclosure d) Connection
b) Excessive color
Which common color usage mistake is illustrated in this chart? a) Unnecessary color b) Excessive color c) Insufficient contrast d) Neglecting colorblindness
a) Creating a data dashboard that is too cluttered
Which of the following is a common mistake in data dashboard design? a) Creating a data dashboard that is too cluttered b) Using the Gestalt principles in visualization creation c) Creating a dashboard with a high data-ink ratio d) Applying Freytag's Pyramid to the presentation
a) Gestalt principles
Which of these has to do with how people interpret and perceive what they see? a) Gestalt principles b) Iconic memory c) Short-term memory d) Visual perception
a) Red
Which of these hues cannot be derived from any other hues? a) Red b) Black c) Purple d) Grey
a) Price index
Which of these is measured by tracking the changes in the price of a standard set of products and services? a) Price index b) Inflation c) Deflation d) Tracking
b) Use of too many attributes
Which of these is the most likely reason the following chart is not particularly useful? a) Use of serif font b) Use of too many attributes c) Use of a high data-ink ratio d) Use of 2D when 3D could be used
b) Removing the gridlines
Which of these options would increase the data-ink ratio of this chart? a) Adding labels to the axes b) Removing the gridlines c) Changing the hue of the line d) Including a subheading below the chart
a) Size
Which preattentive attribute is being used in the following chart to draw the reader's attention? a) Size b) Color c) Length d) Orientation
d) orientation
Which preattentive attribute is being used in the following chart to draw the reader's attention? a) size b) color c) length d) orientation
b) Color
Which preattentive attribute is being used in the following chart to help the reader count the total number of 4s? a) Form b) Color c) Movement d) Spatial positioning
b) Color
Which preattentive attribute is used to differentiate Group 4 from the other groups? a) Length b) Color c) High data-ink ratio d) Width
a) Scatter Chart A
Which scatter chart illustrates a correlation closer to +1? a) Scatter Chart A b) Scatter Chart B c) Both scatter charts are similarly close to a correlation of +1. d) Cannot be determined
c) The percentages do not add up to 100.
Why is this graph showing the results of a survey to determine customers' favorite products misleading? a) The slices are the wrong color. b) The slices are not the correct size. c) The percentages do not add up to 100. d) None of these choices
a) large numerical values
A common challenge for creating empathy with data is that audiences can lose the ability to associate meaning when considering __________. a) large numerical values b) small numerical values c) colorful visualizations d) gray scale visualizations
a) chronological order
A common mistake made by novice presenters is to present all the analysis that has been done for a project in the __________. a) chronological order b) Freytag's Pyramid order c) reverse order d) None of these choices
b) =B2*C6/C2
Determine the formula being used to calculate the inflation-adjusted price in cell D2. a) =B2*C2/C6 b) =B2*C6/C2 c) =C6*B2/C2 d) =C6*C2/B2
a) the relation can be most accurately represented by a straight line
If a relationship is linear, _________. a) the relation can be most accurately represented by a straight line b) all the points fall on a curved line c) the relationship is best represented by a curved line d) all the points must fall on a straight line
a) Investment organization
Imagine a data dashboard is displaying KPIs of current price, recent rate of return, and relative rate of risk of the portfolio. Which type of organization would most likely utilize this dashboard? a) Investment organization b) Manufacturing organization c) Marketing organization d) Human resources organization
d) Human resources organization
Imagine a data dashboard is displaying KPIs of number of employees, employee performance, and participation in training. Which type of organization would most likely utilize this dashboard? a) Investment organization b) Manufacturing organization c) Marketing organization d) Human resources organization
a) sans-serif; serif
In a data visualization, most experts agree that text fonts should be _______ instead of _________. a) sans-serif; serif b) serif; sans-serif c) larger; smaller d) bold; italic
a) create multiple dashboards of related KPIs
Rather than requiring the user to scroll vertically and horizontally to see the entire dashboard, it is better to __________. a) create multiple dashboards of related KPIs b) reduce the amount of data visualizations to fit on one screen c) create an auto-scrolling display of the dashboard d) None of these choices
d) 22.0%
Recently, an advertising company called 200 people and asked them to identify the company that was in an ad running nationwide. The following results were obtained. What percentage of those surveyed were female and could not recall the company? a) 40.0% b) 52.4% c) 66.7% d) 22.0%
a) Strip chart
The following chart displays individual tips a server receives categorized by which meal is served at a particular restaurant. What type of chart is used to display these data? a) Strip chart b) Scatter chart c) Box plot d) Prediction chart
c) strip chart
The following chart is an example of a __________. a) frequency polygon b) scatter chart c) strip chart d) trellis display
c) Heat map
The following chart shows the average monthly distance traveled (in billions of miles) by vehicles on urban highways for five different years. Which type of chart is being used here to display these data? a) Pie chart b) Scatter chart c) Heat map d) Bubble chart
a) slope chart
The following chart shows the enrollment years for different class ranks of a school in the current year and compares them to the previous year. An alternative chart to show this would be a __________. a) slope chart b) pie chart c) heat map d) stacked horizontal bar chart
a) an audience with low comfort with analytics
The following chart would be best suited for ________. a) an audience with low comfort with analytics b) an audience with high comfort with analytics c) any audience d) no audience
a) uncertainty in a model's predicted values of future observations
The upper and lower 95% PI regions in the following chart represent the __________. a) uncertainty in a model's predicted values of future observations b) variance in the data c) interquartile range d) confidence in a model's accuracy based on the past data
b) cool hues
These colors are examples of __________. a) warm hues b) cool hues c) bold hues d) symbolic hues
c) Select cells where data are contained.
What is the first step in creating a scatter chart in Excel? a) Click the Chart Elements button. b) Click the Insert tab on the Ribbon. c) Select cells where data are contained. d) Click the Insert Scatter (X, Y) or Bubble Chart button.
a) Dual-axis chart
What kind of chart makes use of a secondary axis to represent one of the variables so that both variables can be shown on the same chart? a) Dual-axis chart b)Multidimensional chart c) Condensed chart d) Bi-axis chart
b) Using the Gestalt principles in visualization creation
Which of the following is not a common mistake in data dashboard design? a) Creating a data dashboard that is too cluttered b) Using the Gestalt principles in visualization creation c) Neglecting to obtain sufficient input from the actual users throughout the data dashboard design process d) Not considering the organizations' and users' potential future needs
a) Slope chart
Which of the following is useful when you have two time periods or points of comparison and want to quickly show relative increases and decreases or differences across various categories between the two data points? a) Slope chart b) Pie chart c) Heat map d) Stacked horizontal bar chart
a) key performance indicator
A value a manager uses to operate and maintain their businesses effectively and efficiently is referred to as a __________. a) key performance indicator b) data dashboard c) trellis display d) matrix
a) Rhetorical Triangle
A visual illustration defining the three ways (ethos, logos, and pathos) in which a story can connect to the audience is the __________. a) Rhetorical Triangle b) Freytag Pyramid c) Gestalt principles d) spatial positioning
a) red, green, and blue
All other hues are derived from which of these three hues? a) red, green, and blue b) black, white, and red c) black, white, and blue d) red, green, and black
b) deceptive design
Beginning the vertical scale of a graph at a value different from zero to make increases look more dramatic is an example of __________. a) Simpson's paradox b) deceptive design c) an unbiased data d) a sampling bias
b) color symbolism
Blue symbolizes masculinity in Europe and North America and femininity in China, which is an example of __________. a) color psychology b) color symbolism c) color perception d) color analysis
a) Goal: To Show a Relationship
Based on the following chart types, what is the most appropriate intended goal? a) Goal: To Show a Relationship b) Goal: To Show Distribution c) Goal: To Show Composition d) Goal: To Show Ranking
d) operational dashboards
Dashboards that are typically used by lower-level managers to monitor rapidly changing critical business conditions are referred to as __________. a) analytical dashboards b) strategic dashboards c) tactical dashboards d) operational dashboards
c) tactical dashboards
Dashboards that are typically used by mid-level managers to identify and assess the organization's strengths and weaknesses in support of the development of organizational strategies are referred to as __________. a) analytical dashboards b) strategic dashboards c) tactical dashboards d) operational dashboards
b) eliminating all grid lines.
Decluttering can be achieved by all of the following EXCEPT: a) using a legend to identify color coding. b) eliminating all grid lines. c) removing redundant information. d) decreasing the saturation
a) Donor organization
Imagine a data dashboard is displaying the KPIs of campaign status, cash flow, and contributions. Which type of organization would most likely utilize this dashboard? a) Donor organization b) Personal fitness organization c) Law enforcement organization d) Technical support organization
a) Data Validation tool
In Excel, to control what a user can enter into a cell, limiting the ability to create data errors from manual entries, you can use the __________. a) Data Validation tool b) Conditional Formatting tool c) COUNTBLANK formula d) None of these choices
b) x increases, y decreases
In a negative relationship, __________. a) as x increases, y increases b) x increases, y decreases c) x and y are not related d) as x increases, y remains constant
c) 77
In a statistics class, the following 10 scores were randomly selected: 74, 73, 77, 77, 71, 68, 65, 77, 67, 66. What is the mode? a) 71.5 b) 72 c) 77 d) 73
a) storytelling
The ability to build a narrative from the data that is meaningful for the audience, is memorable for the audience, and is likely to influence the audience refers to __________. a) storytelling b) charting c) data visualization d) exploratory data analysis
d) color symbolism
The cultural meanings and significance associated with color refers to __________. a) color psychology b) colorology c) data visualization d) color symbolism
d) the crime rate in different neighborhoods
The data dashboard for a police chief may include KPIs related to __________. a) sales by region b) potential donors c) the current financial standing of the company d) the crime rate in different neighborhoods
b) Aristotle's Rhetorical Triangle
The following chart depicts __________. a) Freytag's Pyramid b) Aristotle's Rhetorical Triangle c) the Gestalt principles d) None of these choices are correct.
a) area chart; line chart
The following graph is an example of a(n) _________ and should be avoided. To convey the same information but in a simpler, less cluttered way, use a __________. a) area chart; line chart b) area chart; pie chart c) radar chart; line chart d) radar chart; pie chart
b) a strong positive relationship between x and y
The following scatter chart indicates __________. a) a strong negative relationship between x and y b) a strong positive relationship between x and y c) no relationship between x and y d) a lurking variable between x and y
a) red with 0% saturation
The gray color shown here could be described as __________. a) red with 0% saturation b) red with 100% saturation c) red with 0% luminance d) red with 100% luminance
a) red-green
The most common form of colorblindness is __________ a) red-green b) blue-yellow c) red-blue d) green-blue
a) Analyze tab
To add a slicer to a PivotChart or PivotTable in Excel, access the __________. a) Analyze tab b) Design tab c) Format tab d) Conditional Formatting tool
a) Preattentive attributes
What can be used in a data visualization to tell a story about the data? a) Preattentive attributes b) Color c) Form d) Spatial position
a) Outlier
What does the red arrow indicate in the following box plot displaying the distribution of exam scores? a) Outlier b) Interquartile range c) 25th percentile d) 3rd quartile
a) Biased data
What exists when the sample data are not representative of the population data that are under study? a) Biased data b) Missing data c) Data errors d) None of these choices
b) Median
What is indicated by the red arrow in the following box plot displaying the distribution of exam scores? a) Outlier b) Median c) 25th percentile d) 3rd quartile
a) Selection bias
What occurs when data are drawn from a sample that has not been properly randomized to represent the intended population? a) Selection bias b) Missing data c) Data errors d) Survivor bias
a) Negative linear relationship
What type of relationship is represented in the following scatter chart of two numeric variables? a) Negative linear relationship b) Positive linear relationship c) Nonlinear relationship d) No relationship
d) Skewed right
What would be the approximate shape of the following histogram? a) Symmetrical b) Uniform c) Skewed left d) Skewed right