Business chapter 8
What are some examples of employees considered to be staff personnel would include?
-Info technology workers -legal advisors
The result of the increase in the rate of change in the business environment from causes such as natural disasters and global competition has been that companies must:
-adapt to new technologies -change more quickly then ever before
What are the advantages of decentralization
-adaption to customer wants -empowerment of workers
Line managers are those who have the authority to:
-adjust to changing conditions -issue orders -enforce discipline
Cross-functional self-managed teams are used in organizations to:
-break down barriers between functional departments
Greater top management control is an advantage of ___ organization structure.
-centralized
what are customer expectations today:
-consumers today want high-quality products with fast, friendly service and all at low cost
In a project where members have different expertise and leadership is shaped to complete tasks, which organization structure works best ?
-cross-functional self managed team
when designing response organizations, what decisions do firms have to make?
-decide between centralization or decentralization -decide the span of the control -choose between tall or flat structures
Regardless of the size of the organization the principles of organizing include:
-dividing up the task to be clear -deciding what work needs to be done
what are the reasons for implementing departmentalization
-employees can develop skills in depth and progress within a department -the company can achieve economic of scale by centralizing all the resources it needs and locate various experts in that area -employees can coordinate work within the function, and top management can easily direct and control various department's activities
For departments to operate effectively, they must be allocated sufficient resources such as:
-funds -equipment -personnel (workers)
what are Weber's principles of organization
-job descriptions -written rules, decision guidelines, and detailed records -consistent procedures. regulations and policies -staffing and promotion based on qualifications
What are the disadvantages of decentralization
-less efficiency -complex distribution system
What are some advantages of a centralized authority?
-more efficiency -simpler distribution system -greater top-management control
why are organizatins changing business enviorments
-more global competition -declining economy -faster technological change -pressure to protect the enviorment
What are two examples that exemplify line personnel in the line-and-staff organization?
-packing personnel -production workers
what does a matrix organization emphasis on
-product development -creativity -special projects -communication -teamwork
What are some examples of a departmentalization process?
-the creation of a group including only accountants to process financial transactions -the creation of s group of specialists to process the Human Resources functions of the business
what are the disadvantages of line structure for large businesses:
-the lack of expertise to solve complex problems of communication -being too flexible -having lengthy lines of communication
Today's trend is to expand the span of control because :
-the workforce is better educated at all levels -organizations save by reducing the number of middle managers
what are Fayol's 10 principles
-unity of command -hierarchy of authority -division of labor -subordination of individual interest to the general interest -authority -degree of centralization -clear communication channels -order -equity -esprit de corps
The line organization's has direct lines of 1.,2.,3. That extend from the top,Ana get to employees at the lowest level of organization
1. Communication 2. Responsibility 3. Authority
what are the four ways to structure an organization
1. line organizations 2. line-and-staff organizations 3. matrix-style organizations 4. cros-functional self-managed teams
Line personnel have the authority to issue orders and discipline employees, while staff personnel have the ability to ___ and influence
Advise
Adjusting to the changing market is a normal function of a ___ economy.
Capitalist
Greater top management control is an advantage of ___ organization structures
Centralized
Nuke sells golf clubs, swim wear. However, Nike is known best for its marketing and advertising of athletic shoes. This is known as Nike's ___?
Core competency
True or false? A bureaucracy is designed to be customer focused
False
A firm that has a marketing department organized geographically and a productive process organized by function has which type of departmental structure?
Hybrid
Production workers, distribution workers, and marketing personnel who are responsible for directly achieving organizational goals are examples of ?
Line personnel
The principles of bureaucracy which brought consistent application of rules and procedures to organizations were proposed by ?
Max Weber
Which of Fayol's principles states that people should be placed and maintained in the proper location?
Order
Regardless of the size of the business, the principles of ___ it's structure remains the same
Organizing
In a line-and-staff organization, those who advise line personnel, but do not have the authority to issue direct orders to them and the company's ___ personnel
Staff
In line-and-staff structures,___ managers provide advice and support to ___ departments in specialized matter such as finance, engineering, Human Resources, and the law
Staff & Line
what is geographic location
a company that has customers in several different regions of the world
when violation between the production and marketing departments is so great that production does not get appropriate feedback, it is an example of
a disadvantage of departmentalization
what is a hierarchy
a system in which one person is at the top of the organization and there is a ranked or sequential ordering from the top down of managers whoa re responsible to that person.
what is a virtual corporation
a temporary networked organization made up of replaceable firms that join and leave as needed
what is an organization chart
a visual device that shows relationships among people and divides the organization's work; it shows who reports to whom
what is a matrix organization
an organization in which specialists from different parts of the organization are brought together to wok on specific projects but still remain part of a line-and-staff structure.
what is a decentralized authority
an organization structure in which decision-making authority is delegated to lower-level managers more familiar with local conditions than headquarters management could be
what is a centralized authority
an organization structure in which decision-making authority is maintained at the top level of management
what is an inverted organization
an organization that has contact people at the top and the chief executive officer at the bottom of the organization chart
what is a line organization
an organization that has two-way line of responsibility, authority and communication running from the top to the bottom of the organization, with all people reporting to only one supervisor
what is a bureaucracy
an organization with many layers or managers who set rules and regulations and oversee all decisions
what is a tall organization structure
an organizational structure in which the pyramidal organization chart would be quite tall because of the various levels of management
what s a flat organization structure
an organizational structure that has a few layers of management and a broad span of control
When competitors like Walmart and target compare their processes to try to improve their methods is an example of ?
benchmarking
what is benchmarking
comparing an organization's practices, processes, and products against the world's best
what is the type of departmentalization is this: president head above consumers-->manufacturers-->insitutions-> command users
customer group departmentalization
what is staff personnel
employees who advise and assist line personnel in meeting their goals
what is line personnel
employees who are part of the chain of command that is responsible for achieving organizational goals
what is a cross-functional self-managed teams
groups of employees from different departments who work together on a long-term basis
the system that develops spontaneously as employees meet and make cliques is an example of?
informal organization
what is restructuring
redesigning an organization so that it can more effectively and efficiently serve its customers
what is an informal organization
that system that develops spontaneously as employees meet and form cliques, relationships, and lines of authority outside the formal organization
what is departmentalization
the dividing of organizational functions into separate units
what is a chain of command
the line of authority that moves from the top of a hierarchy to the lowest level
what is span control
the optimal number of subordinates a manager supervises or should supervise
what is real time
the present moment or the actual time in which something takes place
what is the economic of scale
the situation in which companies can reduce their production costs if they can purchase raw materials in bulk; the average cost of goods goes down as production levels increase
what is a formal organization
the structure that details lines of responsibility, authority, and position; that is, the structure shown on organization charts
what are core competencies
those functions that the organization can do as well as or better than any other organization in the world
what is networking
using communications technology and other means to link organizations and allow them to work together on common objectives
what is an organizational (or corporate) culture
widely shared values within an organization that provide unity and cooperation to achieve common goals
what are digital natives
young people who have grown up using the internet and social networking