Business Communications Exam 3 (Chapters 10-15)

Tattoos in the Workplace

-In your line of work, a tattoo might be an important visual aid, or it might detract from your effectiveness as a business communicator. -Body piercings may express individuality, but you need to consider how they will be interpreted by employers and customers.

rhetorical situation

-The circumstances in which you give your speech or presentation The ____ involves three elements: -The set of expectations inherent in the context Audience -The purpose of your speech or presentation: Inform, Demonstrate, Persuade, Motivate, Entertain

steps in planning a speech

-The purpose of the speech -Its projected time length -The appropriateness of the topic for your audience -Your knowledge or the amount of information you can access on the topic -Speech to inform: Increase the audience's knowledge, teach about a topic or issue and share your expertise -Speech to demonstrate: Show the audience how to use, operate or do something -Speech to persuade: Influence the audience by presenting arguments intended to change attitudes, beliefs or values -Speech to entertain: Amuse the audience by engaging them in a relatively light-hearted speech that may have a serious point or goal -Ceremonial speech: Perform a ritual function, such as giving a toast at a wedding reception or a eulogy at a funeral

Proxemics

study of personal space

characteristics of an informative speech

1. Intellectually stimulating: provides new info 2. Relevant: relevant to audience 3. Creative: yields diff ideas and insights 4. Memorable: repeat information words and ideas 5. Addresses diverse learning styles: feeling, watching, thinking, doing

Bias

A particular preference or point of view that is personal, rather than scientific.

Exposition

A public exhibition or display, often expressing a complex topic in a way that makes the relationships and content clear

thesis statement

A short, specific sentence capturing the central idea of your speech

Demonstrative Speech

An informative speech aimed at showing the audience how to do something or how something works.

Production

Creating your speech from the elements that you've gathered.

reasons for engaging in communication

Gain Information, Understand Communication Contexts, Understand Our Identity, Meet our needs

groups and teams in communication

Good communication is the crucial component of making goals reachable. The team leader communicates project expectations to all the players, and work is divided fairly based on each person's unique strengths and qualifications. This means nobody has to be responsible for or able to do everything.

Choosing a topic

Identify an area of knowledge or an issue that deeply interests you -To save yourself time in selecting a speech topic: -Consider the information you already have close at hand -Conduct a search in your subject area to get an overview of the subject

Organization

It is the key to success—Be prepared and organize your ideas in order to make an impact and respond effectively.

Language

It serves both to bring us together and to help us reinforce our group status. It can include established languages, like Spanish or French; dialects; or even subtle in-group language styles within a larger language context.

ways to help listeners learn

Motivate your listener: -Make your topic relevant for your audience -Provide information which the audience is not already aware of -Share your interest level in the topic with your audience -Consider ways you can actively show application of your material or content -Consider ways to reinforce the novelty of your material to your audience -Have variety in your speech, from your voice to your visual aids -Do not exaggerate the importance of your topic

Parts of a persuasive speech

Stimulate: Reinforce existing beliefs, intensify them, and bring them to the forefront. Can also introduce information that the audience may not be aware of that supports a common ground as a stimulation strategy. Convince: Audience members will hold beliefs/biases. Your goal is to get them to agree with you. Plan a range of points/examples to get them to consider your topic. Call to action: You want your listeners to change their behavior. This generates curiosity, clarifies a problem and proposes a range of solutions. There is a clear link to action associated with the solutions, which lead us to considering the goals of action, which are: Adoption: Audience member adopts, or takes on, a new view, action or habit. Discontinuance: Opposite of adoption; persuading the audience to stop doing something. Deterrence: Encourage the audience to refrain from starting or initiating the behavior. Continuance: Keep doing what you're doing. Increase consideration: Get hostile, neutral, curious audience members to consider your view. Develop tolerance of alternate perspectives: Start from a common ground and introduce a related idea, you're persuading your audience to consider an alternate perspective.

Sensitivity

The capacity to respond to respond to stimulation, be excited, be responsive or susceptible to new information

Logos

The logic of the speaker's presentation; enhanced by a good organizational plan

Categorizing

The process for sorting through and organizing the research note cards

Ethos

The speaker's character and expertise

Pathos

The use of emotion as a persuasive element in the speech; arousing the emotions of the audience

Speech topic selection

Topics should be: -Appealing to the audience -Compatible with the audience's interest, expectations, norms, or customs -Put yourself in their place and imagine how to make your topic relevant to them Consider topics that are: -New and clear -Possibly controversial -Supported by information you can find in outside sources -Interesting to you -Use your self-inventory= Things you already know, and choose a topic that you are relatively confident in.

Gaining audience attention

Use a quotation, tell a story, pose questions, relate unusual information, use humor, refer to the audience, refer to the occasion.

seeking affection from others

We seek _____ from others once we have the basics to live and feel safe from immediate danger. We look for a sense of love and belonging. The need for _____ , or appreciation, is basic to all humans. We all need to be recognized and feel like we belong, but may have differing levels of expectations to meet that need.

sharing information informally

When we share ________ , we often provide our own perspective and attitude for our own reasons. But when we set out to inform an audience, taking sides or using sarcasm to communicate attitude may divide the audience into groups that agree or disagree with the speaker. The speech to inform the audience on a topic, idea, or area of content is not intended to be a display of attitude and opinion.

eye contact

Your ____ with audience members, use of space, and degree of formality will continue to contribute to that relationship. As a speaker, your nonverbal communication is part of the message and can contribute to, or detract from, your overall goals.

appeal

______ involves the attractive power of arousing a sympathetic, stimulated response from the audience. Your audience will have expectations of you as a speaker and of your purpose for speaking.

Persuasion

______ is an act or process of presenting arguments to move, motivate, or change your audience.

Motivation

______ is distinct from persuasion in that it involves the force, stimulus, or influence to bring about change.

emotions

_______ are universal ________ feelings and emotional expression are not the same ________ are communicated verbally and nonverbally ________ expression can be good and bad ________ are often contagious

Viral message

________ are words, sounds, or images that compel the audience to pass them along. They prompt people to act, and mobilize communities.

Appropriateness

________ involves a topic that is especially suitable or compatible with your audience's interest, expectations, norms, or customs

Ability

________ involves the natural aptitude or acquired proficiency to be able to perform. Ex:(If you have a lot of prior information on flying, gained over years of experience being at the controls of an aircraft, you may have a natural aptitude and knowledge base to use to your advantage. If, however, you've never flown before, you may need to gather information and go visit an airport to be able to approach a proficient level of understanding to discuss the topic.)

interpretation

_________ involves adapting the information to communicate a message, perspective, or agenda. Your insights and attitudes will guide your selection of material, what you focus on, and what you delete (choosing what not to present to the audience).

meetings

a group communication in action around a defined agenda, at a set time, for an established duration. _____ can be effective, ineffective, or a complete waste of time.

informative speech

a speech designed to convey knowledge and understanding

meeting agenda

an outline of all topics and activities that are to be addressed during a meeting

roast

are public proclamations that ridicule or criticize someone to honor them. That may sound awkward at first, but consider the targets most commonly associated with ____ : those in positions of power or prestige.

sound bites

brief statements that zero in on the point of a larger or longer message, are often excised from interviews and articles, and presented apart from the context in which they were originally written or spoken.

regulator

control, encourage, or discourage interaction

consensus

general agreement

slogans

phrases that express the goals, aims or nature of a product, service, person, or company.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs (pt. 2)

physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actualization

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

provides seven basic categories for human needs, and arranges them in order of priority, from the most basic to the most advanced

Values

the ideas, beliefs, and attitudes about what is important that help guide the way you live

adoption

the speaker wants to persuade the audience to take on a new way of thinking, or ____ a new idea. Examples could include buying a new product, voting for a new candidate, or deciding to donate blood.

personal space

the surrounding area over which a person makes some claim to privacy

attention statement

the way you focus the audience's attention on you and your speech

Goals

things you want to accomplish

residual message

what the speaker wants the audience to remember