Business Driven Information Systems Ch. 5

Supporting operations: Information MIS infrastructure

- Backup and recover plan - Disaster recovery plan - Business continuity plan

Cloud Computing

A model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources that can be rapidly provisioned and released with a minimal management effort or service provider interaction. refers to the use of resources and applications hosted remotely on the internet.

Vulnerability

A system wekness that can be exploited by a threat.

Characteristics of an agile MIS Infrastructure

Accessibility Availability Maintainability Portability Reliability Scalability Usability

Web accessibility

Allows people with disabilities to use the Web.

Carbon emissions

Carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide produced by business processes and systems. When left on continuosly, a single desktop computer and monitor can consume at least 100 watts of power per hour.

Disaster recovery cost curve

Charts (1) the cost to the organization of the unavailabiliity of information and technology and (2) THE COST TO THE ORGANIZATION OF RECOVERING FROM A DISASTER OVER TIME

Single-tenancy

Each customer or tenant must purchase and maintain an individual system

The components of a sustainable MIS infrastructure include

Grid Computing Virtualized competing Closed Compeating

Serviceability

How quickly a third-party can change a system to ensure it meets user needs and the terms of any contract, including agreed levels of reliabiliy, maintainability, or availability.

Business Impact Analysis

Identifies all critical business functions and the effect that a specific disaster may have upon them

Three primary side effects of businesses' expanded use of technology

Increased Eletronic Waste Increased Energy Consumption Increased Carbon Emissions

Technology failure

Occurs when the ability of a company to operate is impaired because of a hardware, software, or data outage

Sustainable data centers

Reduces carbon emissions Reduces required floor space Chooses Geograpich location

Accessibility

Refers to the varying levels that define what a user can access, view, or perform when operating a system

The business Benefits of a solid MIS infrastructure

Supporting operations - Information MIS infrastructure Supporting Change - Agile MIS infrastructure Supporting the environment - Sustainable MIS infrastructure

Energy Consumption

The amount of energy consumed by business process and systems. Huge increases in technology use have greatly amplified energy consumption. The energy consumed bby a computer is estimated to produce as much as 10 percent of the amount of carbon dioxide by an automobile

Multi-tenancy

The cloud means that a single instance of a system serves multiple customers

Incident Management

The process responsible for managing how incidents are identified and corrected.

Cloud Fabric

The software that makes possible the benefits of cloud computing, such as multi-tenancy

Incident

Unplanned interruption of a service

Administrator access

Unrestricted access to the entire system

Grid Computing

a collection of computers, often geographically dispersed, that are coordinated to solve a common problem.

Network

a communications system created by linking two or more devices and establishing a standard methodology in which they can communicate.

Server

a computer dedicated to providing information in response to requests.

Client

a computer designed to request information from a server.

Disaster Recovery Plan

a detailed process for recovering information or a system in the event of a catastrophic disaster such as fire or flood.

Data Center

a facility used to house management information systems and associated components, such as telecommunications and storage systems.

Fault Tolerance

a general concept that a system has the ability to respond to unexpected failures or system crashes as the backup system immediately and automatically takes over with no loss of service.

Enterprise Architect

a person grounded in technology fluent in business, and able to provide the important bridge between MIS and the business. FOCUS ON: supporting operations supporting change supporting environment

Hot Site

a separate and fully equipped facility where the company can move immediately after a disaster and resume business.

Cold Site

a separate facility that does not have any computer equipment but is a place where employees can move after a disaster.

Warm Site

a separate facility with computer equipment that requires installation and configuration.

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

a service that delivers hardware networking capabilities, including the use of servers, networking, and storage over the cloud using a pay-per-use revenue model.

Failover

a specific type of fault tolerance, occurs when a redundant storage server offers an exact replica of the real-time data, and if the primary server crashes the users are automatically directed to the secondary server or backup server.

Characteristics of an Agile MIS Infrastructure

accessibility, availability, maintainability, portability, reliability, scalability, usability

Supporting Change

agile MIS infrastructure

Backup

an exact copy of a system's information.

Emergency Notification Services

an infrastructure built for notifying people in the event of an emergency.Which is a sudden unexpected event requiring immediate action

Information MIS Infrastructure primary elements

backup and recovery plan, disaster recovery plan, business continuity plan

Disaster Recovery Cost Curve

charts (1) the cost to the company of the unavailability of information and technology and (2) the cost to the company of recovering from a disaster over time.

Corporate Social Responsibility

companies' acknowledged responsibility to society.

Hardware

consists of the physical devices associated with a computer system. -run via network

Virtualization

creates multiple "virtual" machines on a single computing device.

Cloud Computing Benefits

decreased maintenance issues, decreased labor costs, increased computing power, increased performance, increased information security, increased software updates, increased storage capacity

Software as a Service (SaaS)

delivers applications over the cloud using a pay-per-use revenue model.

Smart Grid

delivers electricity using two-way digital technology.

Scalability

describes how well a system can scale up adapt to the increased demands of growth.

Sustainable MIS or green

describes the production, management, use, and disposal of technology in a way that minimizes damage to the environment.

Business Continuity Planning

details how a company recovers and restores critical business operation and systems after a disaster or extended disruption. -identify critical systems, business processes, departments, max amount of time can go without functioning systems

Capacity Planning

determines future environmental infrastructure requirements to ensure high-quality system performance.

Disaster Effects on Companies

disrupting communication, damaging physical infrastructure, halting transportation, blocking utilities

Reliability (accuracy)

ensures a system is functioning correctly and providing accurately information.

Components of a Sustainable MIS infrastructure

grid computing, cloud computing, virtualized computing

Sustainable MIS Infrastructure

identifies ways that a company can grow in terms of computing resources while simultaneously becoming less dependent on hardware and energy consumption.

Information MIS Infrastructure

identifies where and how important information, such as customer records, is maintained and secured. - provides backup and recovery plan, disater recovery plan, business continuity plan

Agile MIS Infrastructure

includes the hardware, software, and telecommunications equipment that, when combined, provides the underlying foundation to support the organization's goals.

MIS infrastructure

includes the plans for how a firm will build, deploy, use, and share its data, processes, and MIS assets. - Hardware -Software -Network - Client - Server - reduce cost, improve productivity, optimize business operations, generate growth, and increase profitability -changes when business changes

Environmental Impacts from MIS

increased electronic waste, increased energy consumption, increased carbon emissions

Supporting Operations

information MIS infrastructure

Cloud Computing Challenges

limited features, internet connection required, security can be questionable

Dynamic Scaling

means that the MIS infrastructure can be automatically scaled up or down based on needed requirements.

Performance

measures how quickly a system performs a process or transaction.

High Availability

occurs when a system is continuously operational at all times.

Failback

occurs when the primary machine recovers and resumes operations, taking over from the secondary server.

Utility Computing

offers a pay-per-use revenue model similar to a metered service such as gas or electricity.

Ewaste

refers to discarded, obsolete, or broken electronic devices. -less than 20% recycled

Maintainability (flexibility)

refers to how quickly a system can transform to support environmental changes.

Portability

refers to the ability of an application to operate on different devices or software platforms, such as different operating systems.

Moore's Law

refers to the computer chip performance per dollar doubling every 18 months.

Sustainable MIS Disposal

refers to the safe disposal of MIS assets at the end of their life cycle.

Availability

refers to the time frames when the system is operational. - challenge when to scheduledowntime

Accessibility- Agile Info

refers to the varying levels that define what a user can access, view, or perform when operating a system.

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

supports the deployment of entire systems including hardware, networking, and applications using a pay-per-use revenue model.

Supporting the Environment

sustainable MIS infrastructure

Recovery

the ability to get a system up and running in the event of a system crash or failure that includes restoring the information backup. - Fault tolerance - Failover - Failback

Usability

the degree to which a system is easy to learn and efficient and satisfying to use.

Software

the set of instructions the hardware executes to carry out specific tasks. -run via network

Administrator Access

unrestricted access to the entire system.

Unavailable

when a system is not operating or can't be used.