Business Ethics Final
the "tragedy of the commons is
that individual pursuit of self-interest can sometimes make everyone worse off
us companies have a history of paying off foreign officials for business favors. Such acts were declared illegal by
the Foreign corrupt practices act (FCPA) of 1977
In determining the morality of giving and receiving gifts in a business situation, which of the following factors is most relevant
the purpose of the gift and whether the gift might influence the recipient's judgment
One truth about factory farms is
they are larger than ever
A reason for studying business ethics is
to learn the approaches for resolving ethical issues
The Donald Wohlgemuth's landmark case shows that
trade secrets often become an integral part of an employee's total job skills and capabilities
An ethical leader
treats people as ends rather than as means Is attentive to the interest of the community
externalities are
unintended side-effects
The courts and the general public find corporate responsibility
useful and intelligivle
a key idea of Immanuel Kant's ethical theory is that
we should treat people as ends in themselves, never merely as means
The example of huckleberry Finn shows
we shouldn't rely uncritically on what our conscience says
ethical relativism supports the theory that
what is right is determined by what a culture or society says is right
In union terms a direct strike occurs
when an organized body of workers withholds its labor to force the employer to comply with its demands
for philosophers, the most important issue is not where our moral principles came from, but
whether those moral principles can be justified
the most accurate statement about workplace safety is
workers are often unaware of the hazards they face on the job
Douglas McGregor rejects Theory X, which holds that
workers essentially dislike work and will do everything they can to avoid it
If you adopt egoism as your moral code, then
you believe that it is morally right to do whatever promotes your best interest
If you want to go to law school then you must take the LSAT exam. This statement is an example of
A hypothetical imperative
The statement that best defines rights is
A right is an entitlement to act or to have others act in a certain way
Business ethics is important in the following organizational performance(s)
All of the above
according to one survey of cultural values
Americans typically value things like their children's education and a satisfactory love life more than work
The only accurate statement about consequentialism is
Consequentialism says that the moral rightness of an action is determined solely by its results
which of the following is not one of the four broad categories of law?
Contractual law
out of these four, which one is the only correct statement concerning OSHA
Critics call osha a "toothless tiger"
Which of the following is the US gov. regulation on environmental protection
EPA
The federal sentencing guidelines for organization
Encourages businesses to take preventive actions against ethical misconducts
Which of the following is the us gov. regulation on food safety
FDA
Employees perception of their firm as having an ethical climate leads to
Greater commitment
Which of the following is true regarding Immanuel Kant's beliefs?
He believed that reason by itself can reveal the basic principles of morality
Which of the following statements is true regarding human rights?
Human rights are equal rights; if X is a human right, then everyone has this right
The difference principle of rawl's includes
Individuals are justified by working for the benfit of the least advantaged
Which of the following is an accurate statement about modifications to common law from the Wagner Act of 1935
It is illegal to fire workers because of union membership
Business ethics deals primarily with
Moral obligations
All of the following at criticism leveled against marketing except
Providing consumer with many product choices
Enron and Arthur Anderson scandal resulted in government imposing stricter regulations that included
Sarbanes-Oxley Act
The six principles of the Defense industry initiatives on business ethics and conduct became the foundation for
The Federal Sentencing Guidelines for organizations
Protestant ethics lead to
The development of capitalism and foundation of business ethics
Operations management is a _______ process
Transformation
Inside traders ordinarily defend their actions by claiming that they don't injure
anyone
which of the following proponents of the broader view of corporate social responsibility believe
businesses have other obligations besides making a profit
A "trade secret"
can be almost any information not generally known if it is valuable to its possessor and treated confidentially
A whistle blower
far from being disloyal, may be acting in the best interest of the organization
business has considered the environment to be
free and nearly limitless
The narrow view of corporate social responsibility argues companies must make money within the "rules of the game" which rules out all of the following except for:
harm
an exclusive focus on short-term performance
has helped to create a high pressure environment conducive to fraud
Which of the following is true of factory farms
have the largest and most devastating impact on animals
conflicts of interest may exist when employees have financial investments
in suppliers, customers, or distributors with whom their organizations do business
The hiring process needs to include screening, testing, and
interviewing
According to the text, psychological egoism
is derived from alleged fact that human beings are by nature selfish creatures
If an argument is valid, then
its conclusion must be true, if its premises are
affirmative action, comparable worth, and sexual harassment are connected to
job discrimination
Which of the following is one of the three arguments in favor of narrow corporate social responsibility discussed in this chapter?
let-government do it
Investors are concerned about business ethics because they know that misconduct can
lower stock value and prices
the right to privacy of employees
may conflict with an organization's legitimate interests
Moral attitudes are best depicted by which of the following
moral standards typically concern behavior that can be of serious consequence to human welfare
Which of the following is a true statement about the information gained from polygraph tests?
not only should the organization have job-related grounds for using the polygraph, but these must be compelling enough to justify violating the individuals privacy and psychic freedom
Which of the following is a conclusion reached regarding childhood obesity
over the decades that childhood obesity has increased, so too has the amount of advertising
According to libertarianism
people should not attempt to coerce others
a common point of contention about corporations is
philosophers and business theorists disagree whether corporations are moral agents
"Pollution permits" are an example of which of the following methods of achieving our environmental goals?
pricing mechanisms
unions employ two kinds of boycotts to enforce their demands. These two kinds of boycotts are
primary and secondary
To the libertarians, their concept of liberty includes a commitment to
private property
one of the four key features of capitalism is
private property
Strong ethical leaders have a passion for all of the following except to
satisfy shareholders before other stakeholder groups
Kenneth arrow discussed two important situations in which profit maximization can be socially inefficient. One of these occurs when
there is an imbalance of knowledge between buyer and seller
a basic premise of Adam Smiths is
we can secure what we need from others only by offer them something they need from us
_____ is the tracking customer without their knowledge and consent
Invasion of privacy
The most common reason that people leave their jobs is
a poor relationship with their immediate supervisor
The Ponzi scheme is an example of ethical misconduct in
accounting
which environmental statement is true
an American consumer can cause more tropical rain forest destruction that a poor person living within the forest
Adam Smith proposed that in our pursuit of economic interests we are led by
an invisible hand to promote general good
Good moral judgements should be logical and
based on facts and acceptable moral principles
More americans are putting aside job success to
be with their families
which of the following do proponents of the broader view of corporate social responsibility believe
businesses have other obligations besides making a profit
Morality and self-interest
can sometimes conflict
which statement best describes capitalism
capitalism is an economic system that operates under the profit motive
a basic tent of capitalism is that
capitalism requires private ownership of the major means of production
The debate over corporate moral agency hinges on which question?
corporate punishment
corporations are limited-liability companies which means that
corporate shareholders are liable for corporate debts only up to the extent of their investments
Exaggerating product information is an example of
deceptive marketing technique
the concept of the invisible hand means
each persons private pursuit of wealth will result in the most beneficial overall organization and distribution of economic resources
many economists are concerned that the growing trade deficit makes the US vulnerable to
economic extortion
According to the traditional law of agency, which statement is true
employees are under a legal obligation to act loyally and in good fath and to carry out lawful instructions
Kenneth Arrow argues that
ethical codes can contribute to economic efficiency
choose the factual precept concerning wages
a fair wage presupposes a fair work contract
As they try and fit into a work world dominated by white men, women and minorities,... can be disadvantaged by
False preconceptions stereotypes and prejudiced attitudes (all of these)
Unethical behaviors in finance is often triggered by
Short-term focus with unrealistic assumptions
Which is not a reason why business ethics is important?
Stakeholders increasingly demand ethical behavior
which act provides sweeping new legal protection for employees who report possible securities fraud, making it unlawful for companies to "discharge, demote, suspend, threaten, harass, or in any other manner discriminate against" them
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
A fact about job satisfaction is
a lack of job satisfaction can create mental health problems.
The process of dividing a market into distinct groups of buyers on the basis of needs, characteristics, or behavior who might require separate products or marketing mix is
Market segmentation
which of the following is not a principle of ethical leadership
Motivates others
What is business ethics?
The moral principles and standards that guide conducts in business
Utilitarianism is appealing as a standard for moral decision making in business. Which of the following provides a reason for this?
Utilitarianism provides an objective way of resolving conflicts of self-interst
Which theorist is more likely to be sympathetic with the idea of reducing the disparities of income in society
Utilitarians
According to W.D. Ross's theory
We have various moral duties that can't be reduced to a single overarching obligation
Which of the following represents a utilitarian belief
We should bring about the most happiness for everyone affected by our actions
Milton friedman argues that
a business has no social responsibilities other than to maximize profits
The first principle of Nozick's entitlement theory concerns the original acquisition of
holdings
The veil of ignorance demands people in the original position to be
impartial
Drug testing is mostly an issue for businesses with regards to
informed consent employee performance job relevance (all of these)
of the four types of discharge, firing
is for-cause dismissal--the result of employee theft, gross insubordination, release of proprietary information, and so on
The process of motivating and influenceing others to achieve organizational goals is
leadership
which of the following historical stages of capitalism came first
mercantile
The fugger dynasty was an example of
mercantile capitalism
A moral vegetarian
rejects eating meat based on moral grounds
though many jobs are outsourced, most economists believe
the economy will create new jobs
