BUSN 115 Chapter 8

What are some examples of employees considered to be staff personnel would include?

-Info technology workers -legal advisors

The result of the increase in the rate of change in the business environment from causes such as natural disasters and global competition has been that companies must:

-adapt to new technologies -change more quickly then ever before

What are the advantages of decentralization

-adaption to customer wants -empowerment of workers

Line managers are those who have the authority to:

-adjust to changing conditions -issue orders -enforce discipline

Cross-functional self-managed teams are used in organizations to:

-break down barriers between functional departments

Greater top management control is an advantage of ___ organization structure.

-centralized

The result of the increase in the rate of change in the business environment from causes such as natural disasters and global competition has been that companies must:

-change more quickly than ever before -adapt to new technologies

what are customer expectations today:

-consumers today want high-quality products with fast, friendly service and all at low cost

In a project where members have different expertise and leadership is shaped to complete tasks, which organization structure works best ?

-cross-functional self managed team

when designing response organizations, what decisions do firms have to make?

-decide between centralization or decentralization -decide the span of the control -choose between tall or flat structures

Regardless of the size of the organization, the principles of organizing include:

-deciding what work needs to be done -dividing up the tasks to be done

Regardless of the size of the organization the principles of organizing include:

-dividing up the task to be clear -deciding what work needs to be done

what are the reasons for implementing departmentalization

-employees can develop skills in depth and progress within a department -the company can achieve economic of scale by centralizing all the resources it needs and locate various experts in that area -employees can coordinate work within the function, and top management can easily direct and control various department's activities

For departments to operate effectively, they must be allocated sufficient resources such as:

-funds -equipment -personnel (workers)

what are Weber's principles of organization

-job descriptions -written rules, decision guidelines, and detailed records -consistent procedures. regulations and policies -staffing and promotion based on qualifications

What are the disadvantages of decentralization

-less efficiency -complex distribution system

What are some advantages of a centralized authority?

-more efficiency -simpler distribution system -greater top-management control

why are organizatins changing business enviorments

-more global competition -declining economy -faster technological change -pressure to protect the enviorment

What are two examples that exemplify line personnel in the line-and-staff organization?

-packing personnel -production workers

what does a matrix organization emphasis on

-product development -creativity -special projects -communication -teamwork

What are some examples of a departmentalization process?

-the creation of a group including only accountants to process financial transactions -the creation of s group of specialists to process the Human Resources functions of the business

what are the disadvantages of line structure for large businesses:

-the lack of expertise to solve complex problems of communication -being too flexible -having lengthy lines of communication

Today's trend is to expand the span of control because :

-the workforce is better educated at all levels -organizations save by reducing the number of middle managers

what are Fayol's 10 principles

-unity of command -hierarchy of authority -division of labor -subordination of individual interest to the general interest -authority -degree of centralization -clear communication channels -order -equity -esprit de corps

The line organization's has direct lines of 1.,2.,3. That extend from the top,Ana get to employees at the lowest level of organization

1. Communication 2. Responsibility 3. Authority

what are the four ways to structure an organization

1. line organizations 2. line-and-staff organizations 3. matrix-style organizations 4. cros-functional self-managed teams

corporate or organizational... culture

3 M is a company that rewards innovation as part of its ___ ____.

matrix

A ____ structure, also called a project management structure, sets up teams from different departments, thereby creating two or more intersecting lines of authority.

it prevents confusion since each employee reports to one manager

A benefit of the unity of command principle is:

going beyond organizational boundaries

A cross-functional team that includes customers, suppliers, and distributors is:

Identify drawback of a tall organization structure from the following examples

A higher cost to support the many levels of staff High amount of paperwork generated Messages can get distorted through the various levels

match the flexibility of small firms

A large organization might use a flat organization structure in order to:

outsourcing

A local furniture company launched a website to boost national sales. However, it could not ship the orders efficiently so it started using FedEx and UPS. This is an example of _________.

Hierarchy

A system in which one person is at the top of the organization and there is a ranked or sequential ordering from the top down of managers who are responsible to that person is called a(n) ________.

Virtual corporation

A temporary networked organization made up of replaceable firms that join and leave as needed is called a(n):

centralized

A(n) ______ organization structure maintains the decision-making authority at the top level of management.

materials; people

According to Fayol's order principle, ______ and ______ should be placed and maintained in the proper location.

Division of labor

According to Fayol, the ____ _ ____ principle states that functions are to be divided into areas of specialization.

According to the text the key to success for organizations is

According to the text the key to success for organizations is remaining flexible and adapting to the changing times. Often that means going back to basic organizational principles.

name a booked the Henri Fayol published in 1919 and in 1949 it was popularized in the US under what title

Administration industrielle et generale In US General and Industrial Management

Line personnel have the authority to issue orders and discipline employees, while staff personnel have the ability to ___ and influence

Advise

Identify which of the following would exemplify employee empowerment

An employee is able to offer free delivery to close a sale without manager approval Workers can approve a sale price without management approval An employee is able to take customer returns without manager approval

control

An important decision to be made while designing a responsive organization is about the size of the span of ________.

illustrate and describe an inverted organization

An inverted organization has contact people at the top and the chief executive officer at the bottom. There are few layers of management. Draw here

what does an organization chart show

An organization chart shows relationships among people: who is accountable for the completion of specific work and who reports to whom.

Centralized

An organization structure in which decision-making authority is maintained at the top level of management is called a(n) ______ organization.

line organization

An organization that has direct two-way lines of responsibility, authority, and communication running from the top to the bottom of the organization, with all people reporting to only one supervisor is called a(n) _____.

expand

As organizations adopt empowerment, reduce the number of middle managers, and hire more talented and better educated lower-level employees the trend today is to ______ the span of control.

why does span of control narrow at higher levels of organization

At levels where work is standardized, span of control can be broad. The appropriate span gradually narrows at higher levels of the organization because work becomes less standardized and managers need more face-to-face communication.

Identify the principles of Henri Fayol's book General and Industrial Management from the following list

Authority Division of labor Hierarchy of authority

Networking will continue to evolve as digital natives become more and more prevalent in organizations. Why is this considered to be a natural and smooth transition

Because digital natives have grown up with certain technologies used in networking

As effective as the informal organization may be in creating group cooperation, it can still be equally powerful in resisting management directors. Identify from the following list some examples of employee resistance

Being absent Employees may spread incorrect rumors Employee theft

How does benchmarking lead to outsourcing, and ultimately to a firm's core competencies

Benchmarking demands that organizations compare each function against the best in the world. If an organization can't do as well as the best in a particular area, it often will try to outsource the function to an organization that is the best. Outsourcing is assigning various functions to outside organizations. When a firm has completed the outsourcing process, the remaining functions are the firm's core competencies, which are functions that the organization can do as well as, or better than, any other organization in the world.

What are the advantages of decentralized authority

Better adaptation go customer wants More empowerment of workers Faster decision making Higher morale

What type of departmentalization is shown in this example

By product

Adjusting to the changing market is a normal function of a ___ economy.

Capitalist

Greater top management control is an advantage of ___ organization structures

Centralized

restructuring

Changing a supply line to make it more efficient and a better use of resources would exhibit

Structure

Changing and adapting an organization's ______ in response to changes in the technological environment is crucial to success.

how does the inverted organization support front line personnel

Companies based upon an inverted organization structure support front-line personnel with internal and external databases, advance communication systems and professional assistance.

Nuke sells golf clubs, swim wear. However, Nike is known best for its marketing and advertising of athletic shoes. This is known as Nike's ___?

Core competency

describe the characteristics of cross-functional teams

Cross- functional teams consist of groups of employees from different departments who work together on a long term basis. These teams are empowered to make decisions without having to seek the approval of management. Barriers between functions fall when these interdepartmental teams are created.

A surgical team has various skilled personnel that work together on a long-term basis to accomplish daily surgeries. A group like this represents what type organizational model

Cross-functional self-managed teams

Which Fayol principle states that the amount of decision-making power vested in top management should vary by circumstances

Degree of centralization

describe division of labor

Division of labor refers to dividing up tasks among workers

Unity of command

Each worker is to report to one, and only one, boss is an example of which Fayol princi

Which of the following are elements of a typical organization chart

Employees First-line supervisors President

change

Employees at all levels often resist ____.

True or false: A company is benchmarking when comparing its practices, processes, and products against only the best companies in its region

False

True or false: An informal organization system follows the organization chart's lines of authority

False

True or false: Neither line nor line-and-staff organization structures suffer from inflexibility

False

True or false: Outsourcing is a process used by larger firms, but it has not become a prevalent practice used by small firms

False

True or false: The key to success for companies in a capitalist economy is to remain inflexible during times of change

False

True or false: The minimum number of subordinates a manager can supervise is called span of control

False

True or false? A bureaucracy is designed to be customer focused

False

outsourcing is a process used by larger firms but it has not become a prevelant practice used by small firms

False

with respect and justice

Fayol's equity principle states that a manager should treat employees and peers:

Line organizations follow all of whos traditional management rules

Fayols

hybrid

Firms may use a combination of departmentalization techniques to create a(n) ________ form.

line and staff

Four ways to structure an organization include line, ______ and ___________, matrix, and cross-functional teams.

Division of labor

Functions being divided into areas of specialization such as production, marketing, and finance are examples of which Fayol principle?

Henri Fayol's book was popularized in the United States under what title

General and Industrial Management

When a company departmentalize by areas of business like Japan, America, and Australia it is exemplifying departmentalization by:

Geographic location

Max Weber was a

German sociologist and economist, he promoted the pyramid-shaped organization structure that became popular in large firms

corporate culture

Google is a company that provides many services and a relaxed atmosphere for its employees to keep them engaged at work. That is a strong feature of its:

what are the advantages of centralized authority

Greater management control More efficiency Simpler distribution system Stronger brand/corporate image

cross-functional teams

Groups of employees from different departments who work together on a long-term basis are called:

name two companies who have reorganized giving empowerment to employees

Home Depot and Nordstrom ( Nordstrom employees can accept a return from a customer without managerial approval even if the item was not originally sold at that store)

Which of the following would qualify as staff personnel in the line-and staff organization

Human resource managers Legal advisers Marketing research analysts

A firm that has a marketing department organized geographically and a production process organized by function has which type of departmental structure

Hybrid

A firm that has a marketing department organized geographically and a productive process organized by function has which type of departmental structure?

Hybrid

Line-and-staff organizations Cross-functional self-managed teams Line organizations Matrix-style organizations

Identify the four ways to structure an organization.

matrix organization

If an organization temporarily borrows its specialists from different functional areas to accomplish a common project, it is implementing what type of organization?

In a company with many layer of management what is the process for an employee mto introduce a work change?

In a company with many layers of management, if employees want to introduce work changes, they ask a supervisor, who asks a manager, who asks a manager at the next level up, and so on. Eventually a decision is made and passed down from manager to manager until it reaches the employee. Decisions can take weeks or months to be made.

Span of control in flat organizational structures

In a flat organization, there are fewer layers of management, and the span of control gets broader. (many people report to each manager)

Span of control in tall organizational structures

In a tall organization there are many levels of management, and span of control is small. (few people reported to each manager)

Temporary

In a virtual corporation the replaceable firms are joined together on a(n) _________ , Incorrect Unavailable basis to create a flexible organization.

down

In economies of scale, a company buys raw materials in bulk so that the average cost of goods goes _____________ as the production levels increase.

how have managers' views toward the informal organization changed in the new more open organizations

In more traditional organizations, managers and employees were often at odds, and the informal structure often hindered management. In the new, more open organizations, managers and employees work together and the informal structure is viewed as an asset that promotes harmony among workers and establishes a positive corporate culture.

other companies copy the processes

Innovations like the mass production of cars can create economies of scale. However, over time this benefit becomes less meaningful because:

why is introducing change in an organization difficult

Introducing change in an organization is difficult because managers and employees may have a tendency to "get stuck" in their old ways, and resist the efforts to change.

Matrix organizations violate traditional managerial principles, yet can be more efficient. This contradiction can be attributed to which of the following attributes

It can produce creative solutions to problems It encourages inter organizational cooperation and teamwork

Which of the following are considered to be disadvantages to the matrix organization

It requires good interpersonal skills It can confuse employees about whose order to follow It's costly and complex

Which of the following would be a positive result of departmentalization by product

It results in good customer relations

what two retail stores are implementing decentralized authority

JcPenny and Manys also Home depot and lowes

Max Weber's principle of organization resembled Fayol's. In addition, Weber emphasized which of the following principles

Job descriptions Consistent procedures, regulations, and policies Written rules, decision guidelines, and detailed records

describe job specialization

Job specialization is dividing tasks into smaller jobs

what are the disadvantages of decentralized authority

Less efficiency Complex distribution system Less top-management control Weakened corporate image

what are the disadvantages of centralized authority

Less responsiveness to customers Less empowerment Interorganizational conflict Lower morale away from headquarters

enforce discipline adjust to changing conditions issue orders

Line managers are those who have the authority to:

Production workers, distribution workers, and marketing personnel who are responsible for directly achieving organizational goals are examples of ?

Line personnel

change

Managing _____ has become a critical managerial function because the increasing rate of change affects all organizations.

if Most organizations are no longer self-sufficient or self-contained what are they a part of

Many modern organizations are part of a vast network of global businesses.

Which of the following departments could be considered by a company approaching departmentalization by functions

Marketing Production Accounting

The Theory of Social and Economic Organizations was written by which organizational theorist

Max Weber

The principles of bureaucracy which brought consistent application of rules and procedures to organizations were proposed by ?

Max Weber

Which of the following were two organization theorists that emerged during the mass production era

Max Weber Henri Fayol

Which of Fayol's principles states that people should be placed and maintained in the proper location?

Order

what is the result of those changes on organizational design and structure

Organizational structures tend to be flexible and changing. Experts from one company may work for one company one year, and another the next year. Organizations deal with each other on a temporary basis and the ties between organizations are no longer permanent. These are often called virtual corporations because they are made up of replaceable firms or individuals that join the network and leave it as needed.

how have the networking, real time, and the concept of transparency changed they way information is shared between organizations

Organizations are so closely linked via networking that each organization knows what the others are doing, in real time. Since data is so readily available to organizational partners, companies are so open to one another that the solid walls between them have become transparent. Because of this integration, two companies can now work together so closely that they operate as two departments within one company.

Regardless of the size of the business, the principles of ___ it's structure remains the same

Organizing

_, or division of labor, begins with determining what work needs to be done, and then dividing up the tasks among the organization

Organizing

groupthink

People in the same department tend to think alike

Which of the following exemplify line personnel in the line-and-staff organization

Production workers Packaging personnel

line

Production workers, distribution people, and marketing personnel who are responsible for directly achieving organizational goals are called __________ personnel.

present; actual

Real time is the ______ moment or the ______ time in which something takes place.

Organizing

Regardless of the size of the business, the principles of __________ its structure remain the same.

organizing

Regardless of the size of the business, the principles of _______________ its structure remain the same.

dividing up the tasks to be done deciding what work needs to be done

Regardless of the size of the organization, the principles of organizing include:

flexible

Remaining ______ is the key to an organization's success in changing times.

effective and efficient

Restructuring involves redesigning an organization so that it can be more ___ and _____.

hybrid

Some companies create ________ structures because the sales department has geographic departments, production is by function, and marketing is by customer groups.

hybrid

Some companies create _________ structures because the sales department has geographic departments, production is by function, and marketing is by customer groups.

In a line-and-staff organization, those who advise line personnel, but do not have the authority to issue direct orders to them and the company's ___ personnel

Staff

In line-and-staff structures,___ managers provide advice and support to ___ departments in specialized matter such as finance, engineering, Human Resources, and the law

Staff & Line

what retailing giant has a very centralized form of management

Target it is so top down that the CEO interviews candidates for the top 600 positions

how are companies using the internet to help adapt to changes

The Internet has created new opportunities to ask customers questions and provide them with information. Companies are also training older employees to be more tech savvy to become familiar with social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter as well as other applications.

formal

The ______ organization details lines of responsibility, authority, and position. It is the structure shown on organization charts.

Degree of centralization -

The amount of decision making power given to top management should vary by circumstances.

what is a benefit of the formal organization

The benefit of a formal organization is that it provides helpful guidelines and lines of authority to follow in routine situations.

describe the kind of organizational culture that the best organizations have..

The best organizations have cultures that emphasize service to others, especially customers. The atmosphere is one of friendly, concerned, caring people who enjoy working together to provide a good product at a reasonable price. Those companies have less need for close supervision of employees, and fewer policy manuals, organization charts and formal rules, procedures and controls.

what has created so much change in organizations

The change in organizations is due to the changing business environment - more global competition, a declining economy, faster technological change, and pressure to do more about the environment. Consumer expectations have also changed, and consumers expect the highest quality products and fast, friendly service at a reasonable cost.

Which of the following are advantages of departmentalization by function

The company can achieve economies of scale Employees develop in depth skills and continue to progress

Hierarchy of authority

The concept that states all workers should know to whom they report is referred to as the________

hierarchy

The principle of organizational structure where one person is at the top and the other managers are ranked sequentially from the top down is called:

Important

The principle of subordination of individual interests to the general Interests states that the goals of the team are more _______ than goals of the individual workers.

Max Weber

The principles of bureaucracy which brought consistent application of rules and procedures to organizations were proposed by

the process of rule making often led to

The process of rule making often led to rigid organizations that didn't always respond quickly to consumer requests

what is the trend in todays organizations regarding span of control

The trend is to expand the span of control by reducing the number of middle managers and hiring more educated and talented lower level employees.

confusion

The unity of command principle states that each person should report to only one manager in order to prevent _________

According to the Harvard Business Review, young people who play online games will feel comfortable working in global teams. Why is this assumption made

These young people have experience working in groups over the Internet

According to John Mackey of Whole Foods, cross-functional self-managed teams work best when:

They are collaborative They are empowered Leadership is shared

line

Those directly responsible for achieving the organization's production goals by issuing orders and enforcing discipline are ______ managers.

Which of the following are reasons to name department managers for each department created during departmentalization

To assure the department's accountability To maintain control of the whole process

How are companies reorganizing to make customers happy

To make customers happy, organizations are giving employees more power to make decisions on their own and to please the customer no matter what.

What are some of the goals of developing an organization chart

To show who report to whom To show relationships among people

organizations save by reducing the number of middle managers the workforce is better educated at all levels

Today's trend is to expand the span of control because:

what is meant by the concept of transparency

Transparency occurs when a company is so open to other companies that electronic information is shared as if the companies were one company.

True or false: A company may have to make organization changes based on outsiders' perceptions, such as that of stock market actors

True

True or false: Learning to create the right corporate culture and work within the informal organization is key to managerial success

True

True or false: Many jobs can be done quickly and well when each person specializes

True

True or false: Networking uses technology, such as a company intranet, to link organizations and their suppliers to allow them to work together for a common goal

True

false

True or false: The key to success for companies in a capitalist economy is to remain inflexible during times of change.

Subordination of individual interest to the general interest

Under which Fayol principle do workers think of themselves as a coordinated team?

Hierarchy of authority

Under which Fayol principle does it state that all workers should know to whom they report? Multiple choice question.

Weber's principles of strict rules and procedures are still known to be very effective for which of the following organizations

United Parcel Service

Name an organization today that still thrives on Weber's theories

United Parcel Service (UPS)

name 10 of Fayols principles of organization

Unity of command Hierarchy of authority Division of labor Subordination of individual interests to the general interest Authority Degree of centralization Clear communication channels Order Equity Esprit de corps

networking

Using communications technology to link organizations and allow them to work together on common objectives is called:

Which organizational theorist promoted the pyramid-shaped organizing structure as critical to his bureaucracy- based philosophy

Weber

What did Weber mean by the term "bureaucrat"

Weber used the term bureaucrat to describe a middle manager whose function it was to implement top management's orders.

Economies of scale

When GM and Ford Motor Company introduced large factories and mass production, the cost of building each car declined. This effect exemplifies ______.

Economies of scale

When a company purchases raw materials in bulk, thus reducing the cost of production, it is called:

outsourcing

When a firm assigns one or more of its functions to an outside organization, it is:

why should cross functional teams include customers, suppliers, and distributors.

When cross functional teams include customers, suppliers and distributors it goes beyond the boundaries of the organization, and market information can be shared.

Choose between tall or flat structures Decide the span of control Decide between centralization versus decentralization Depersonalization

When designing responsive organizations, what decisions do firms have to make?

Regardless of the business size the principles are similar.

Which is a true statement about the principles of organization?

order

Which of Fayol's principles states that materials and people should be placed and maintained in the proper location:

If you owned a small company, and a major competitor stated promoting itself in your area, what information might you look for while monitoring the business environment

Who are your competitor's target clients in the area What new products are customers demanding

Employees and managers are sometimes resistant to change.

Why is adapting to change one of the hardest challenges facing any manager?

how do workers today differ from those during the time that Weber was writing and how did that affect management

Workers during Weber's time were much less educated and trained than today's workers. Weber felt that a firm would do well if employees would do what managers told them to do. The less decision making employees had to do, the better.

Max Weber

Written rules and procedures. promotion based on qualifications, and job descriptions are organizing principles proposed by:

flat

______ organization structures respond to customer demands faster because its lower-level employees have authority and responsibility for making decisions.

In a ____________________ plan, employees receive their regular compensation plus a portion of the company's earnings. a. profit-sharing b. straight salary c. cafeteria d. stock options

a

The assignment of an employee to another job in the company with a similar level of responsibility is called a a. transfer. b. demotion. c. termination. d. promotion.

a

hybrid

a company could departmentalize by function, geographic location, and customer groups

what is geographic location

a company that has customers in several different regions of the world

when violation between the production and marketing departments is so great that production does not get appropriate feedback, it is an example of

a disadvantage of departmentalization

Esprit de corps -

a spirit of pride and loyalty should be created

what is a hierarchy

a system in which one person is at the top of the organization and there is a ranked or sequential ordering from the top down of managers whoa re responsible to that person.

what is a virtual corporation

a temporary networked organization made up of replaceable firms that join and leave as needed

what is an organization chart

a visual device that shows relationships among people and divides the organization's work; it shows who reports to whom

disadvantages of a matrix structure are

a. Costly and complex. b. Can cause confusion among employees as to where their loyalty belongs. c. Requires good interpersonal skills and cooperative managers and employees. d. Temporary solution to long term problem.

The advantages of a matrix structure are

a. Flexibility in assigning people to projects. b. Encourages cooperation among departments. c. Can produce creative solutions to problems. d. Allows for efficient use of resources.

Identify four characteristics of Max Webers Bureaucracy

a. Job descriptions b. Written rules, decision guidelines and detailed records c. Consistent procedures, regulations and policies d. Staffing and promotions based on qualifications

what are the disadvantages of the traditional functional structure

a. Lack of communication among departments. b. Employees identify with the department and not with the corporation as a whole. c. Response to external change is slow. d. people may not be trained to take different managerial responsibilities rather they tend to become narrow specialists . e. People in the same department tend to think alike - groupthink.

Four organizational structures are:

a. Line organizations b. Line and staff organizations c. Matrix-style organizations d. Cross-functional self-managed teams

what are five methods of grouping, or departmentalizing, workers

a. Product b. Function c. Customer group d. Geographic location e. Process

what are the advantages of the traditional functional structure

a. Skills can be developed in depth and employees can progress as skills are developed. b. the company can achieve economies of scale by centralizing all the resources it needs and locate various experts in that area c. Employees can coordinate work within the function, and top management can easily direct and control various departments' activities

In a large business, a line organization may have the disadvantages of

a. being too inflexible b. having too few specialists c. having long lines of communication d. being unable to handle complex decisions necessary in a large organization.

starting an organization consists of

a. devising a division of labor b. setting up teams or departments to do specific tasks c. assigning responsibility and authority to people d. allocating resources e. assigning specific tasks f. establishing procedures for accomplishing organizational objectives

An organization must remain flexible and able to _ to changing times and be successful

adapt

an organization must be flexible and be able to _________ to changing times and be successful

adapt

Line managers are those who have the authority to:

adjust to changing conditions enforce discipline issue orders

Identify from the following lists the advantages and disadvantages to decentralized authority:

advantage empowerment of workers adaption to customer wants disadvantage less efficiency complex distribution system

Staff employees _ line managers in meeting their goals

advise

Staff personnel have the authority to

advise the line personnel and make suggestions, but they can't make policy changes themselves

Clear communication channels -

all workers should be able to reach others in the firm quickly and easily

what is a matrix organization

an organization in which specialists from different parts of the organization are brought together to wok on specific projects but still remain part of a line-and-staff structure.

what is a decentralized authority

an organization structure in which decision-making authority is delegated to lower-level managers more familiar with local conditions than headquarters management could be

what is a centralized authority

an organization structure in which decision-making authority is maintained at the top level of management

what is an inverted organization

an organization that has contact people at the top and the chief executive officer at the bottom of the organization chart

what is a line organization

an organization that has two-way line of responsibility, authority and communication running from the top to the bottom of the organization, with all people reporting to only one supervisor

what is a bureaucracy

an organization with many layers or managers who set rules and regulations and oversee all decisions

what is a tall organization structure

an organizational structure in which the pyramidal organization chart would be quite tall because of the various levels of management

what s a flat organization structure

an organizational structure that has a few layers of management and a broad span of control

A job __________________ is a specific study of a job to identify in detail the job duties and skill requirements.

analysis

a line organizaiton does not have

any specialists who provide managerial support

line personnel

are responsible for directly achieving organizational goals and include production workers distribution people and marketing personnel

These companies stress high moral and ethical values such

as honesty, reliability, fairness, environmental protection, and social involvement.

Under Fayol's _ principle, managers have the right to give orders and the power to enforce obedience

authority

what is the most important difference between line and staff personnel

authority

All of the following are blue-collar workers EXCEPT a. truck drivers. b. accountants. c. mechanics. d. seamstresses.

b

All of the following are part of the planning and staffing function of human resources activities EXCEPT a. recruitment and selection. b. benefits planning. c. job placement. d. job analysis.

b

An employee who regularly works a schedule of 30 hours or more per week would be classified as a a. temporary employee. b. full-time employee. c. seasonal employee. d. part-time employee.

b

Between 2012 and 2022, which of the following occupational categories is expected to grow the fastest? a. business and financial operations b. construction and extraction c. sales and marketing d. farming, fishing, and forestry

b

Businesses are required by law to provide all of the following benefits EXCEPT a. social security. b. paid vacations. c. overtime hours worked. d. Medicare.

b

In 2015, the size of the U.S. workforce was more than ____________________ people. a. 95 million b. 150 million c. 40 million d. 200 million

b

Removing work from one company and sending it to another company that can complete it at a lower cost is called a. freelancing. b. outsourcing. c. rightsizing. d. downsizing.

b

This work arrangement offers one job to two people, each of whom works a part-time schedule. a. flexplace b. job sharing c. flextime d. telecommuting

b

once you have formed and organization you must

be prepared to adapt the structure to changes in the market

why does The appropriate span of control gradually narrows at higher levels of the organization

because work becomes less standardized and managers need more face to face communication

Max Weber

believed that large organizations demanded clearly established rules and guidelines to be followed perciesly

When a snowboard company consulted a cable television company to learn how to braid layers of fiberglass and carbon for its snowboards it was an example of _

benchmarking

When competitors like Walmart and target compare their processes to try to improve their methods is an example of ?

benchmarking

Companies based on the inverted organization structure support front-line personnel with internal and external databases, advanced communication systems, and professional assistance. Naturally , this means front-line people have to be _

better paid better educated better trained

In a matrix system a product manager can

borrow people from different departments to help design and market new product ideas.

A(n) _ span of control allows one supervisor to be responsible for many workers whose work tasks are predictable and standardized

broad

A supervisor who is responsible for 40 workers at an auto assembly plant is said to have a _ span of _

broad control

In the past many organizations designed rules and regulations to give managers control over employees. An organization's reliance on these rules is called _

bureaucracy

Max Weber used the word _ to describe a middle manager whose function was to implement top management's orders

bureaucrat

Formal negotiation between unions and management resolve issues through a. arbitration. b. strikebreaking. c. collective bargaining. d. litigation.

c

This federal law prohibits job discrimination based on race, color, religion, gender, and national origin. a. Age Discrimination Act of 1967 b. Fair Hiring Act of 1983 c. Civil Rights Act of 1964 d. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1992

c

This type of compensation method pays the employee a specific amount of money for each hour worked. a. piece rate b. commission c. time wage d. straight salary

c

Which of the following is one of the service-providing industries? a. construction b. mining c. real estate d. agriculture

c

A(n) ____________________ plan allocates a certain amount of money to each employee that can be spent on benefits; the employee selects the benefits he or she prefers.

cafeteria

when designing responsive organizations firms have to make decisions about several organizational issues:

centralization versus decentralization span of control tall versus flat organization structures departmentalization

A(n) _ organization structure maintains the decision- making authority at the top level of management

centralized

If the structure of an organization is a tall pyramid, it would be likely to have _ decision making

centralized

Target's CEO personally conducts the interview process when hiring for the top 600 positions in the company. This is an example of _

centralized authority

Employees at all levels often resist _ because they are used to doing their jobs in ways they know

change

Making your organization more responsive to customers by decentralizing its structure is one way to adapt to _ in the environment

change

managing ______ has become a critical managerial function because the increasing rate of change affects all organizations

change

The result of the increase in the rate of change in the business environment from causes such as natural disasters and global competition has been that companies must:

change more quickly than ever before adapt to new technologies

According to Fayol, all workers should be able to reach each other quickly and easily through clear _

communication channels

companies are moving toward catering to what

companies are moving toward catering to local markets

A hybrid form of departmentalization is being used when

companies use a combination of departmentalization techniques.

what is benchmarking

comparing an organization's practices, processes, and products against the world's best

benchmarking

comparing an organizations practices processes and products against the worlds best

______________________ is the amount of money paid to an employee for work performed.

compensation

When a firm like Target compares itself to Walmart to improve its practices or processes in order to become better than Walmart it is exemplifying benchmarking for a(n) _ purpose

competitive

The unity of command principle states that each person should report to only one manager in order to prevent _

confusion

Key people in the grapevine have

considerable influence.

When Fayol refers to subordination of individual interests to the general interest, he believes that workers are to think of themselves as a(n):

coordinated team

when a firm has completed its outsourcing process the remain functions are its

core competences

Nike's strength is in manufacturing athletic shoes and Apple's is in marketing innovative electronics. These are examples of each company's:

core competencies

Because Nike is superior at designing and marketing athletic shoes, this is considered to be their:

core competency

Google is a company that provides many services and a relaxed atmosphere for its employees to keep them engaged at work. That is a strong feature of its:

corporate culture

When doctors, nurses, technicians, and anesthesiologists from different departments in the hospital work together to complete an operation this is an example of a:

cross-functional self-managed team

Groups of employees from different departments who work together on a long-term basis are called:

cross-functional teams

The organizational __________________________ is the environment in which people work, made up of the atmosphere, behaviors, beliefs, and relationships.

culture

A bank has a department for customer accounts and another department for corporate accounts. The bank is departmentalizing by _

customer group

what is the type of departmentalization is this: president head above consumers-->manufacturers-->insitutions-> command users

customer group departmentalization

Empowering front line workers help organizations adapt to change by responding more quickly to its:

customers

A few hours each month that employees can schedule for non-job activities is called a. flextime. b. absenteeism. c. family leave d. personal time.

d

An artificial limit placed on minority groups moving into positions of authority and decision making is called the a. iron curtain. b. silver-lined cloud. c. velvet glove. d. glass ceiling.

d

Human resources a. do not include people hired to fill temporary positions. b. include only management, not regular employees. c. include only full-time workers. d. none of the above.

d

The greatest increase in the American labor force in the future will be a. women. b. ethnic and racial minorities. c. older workers. d. all of the above.

d

Which of the following is NOT a major responsibility of a company's human resources department? a. matching employees' abilities and interests with specific jobs b. protecting the health and safety of employees c. developing compensation packages d. drafting a budget for the entire company

d

Which of the following is NOT typically discussed during a performance evaluation with an employee? a. plan for any needed performance improvement b. the support the employee can expect from management c. employee's communication skills d. employee benefits

d

An important reason why companies _ authority is to be more responsive to customer needs

decentralize

Companies that allow their managers to make key decisions to cater to local markets are _

decentralized

When decision making is delegated to lower-level managers and employees more familiar with local conditions than top mangers it is called:

decentralized authority

Diving an organization into separate working units is called:

departmentalization

The process of setting up individual departments to do specialized tasks is called _

departmentalization

the process of setting up individual departments to do specialized tasks is called

departmentalization

Important decisions to be made while designing an organization include:

departmentalization span of control degree of centralization

organizing or structuring begins with?

determining what work needs to be done (mowing, edging, trimming) and then dividing up the tasks.

An answer to the disadvantage of the temporary teams created by matrix management is to

develop permanent teams and to empower them to work closely with suppliers, customers, and others to quickly and efficiently bring out new, high-quality products while giving great service.

Young people who have grown up with the internet are referred to as:

digital natives

line organization

direct two way lines of responsibility authority and communication running from the top to the bottom of the organization with everyone reporting to only one supervisor

division of labor

dividing tasks evenly among workers

According to Fayol, the _ of _ principle states that functions are to be divided into areas of specialization

division labor

Once managers determine what work needs to be done, they then need to divide up the tasks among workers. This is called _ of _

division labor

When a house painting company divides workers into those who prepare the surface, those who paint the trim, and those who paint the walls, it is an example of:

division of labor

A planned reduction in the number of employees needed in a firm to reduce costs and make the business more efficient is called ________________________

downsizing

When a company purchases raw materials in bulk, thus reducing the cost of production, it is called:

economies of scale

Restructuring involves redesigning an organization so that it can be more _ and _

effective efficient

empowerment works only when

employees are given the proper training and resources to respond

what is staff personnel

employees who advise and assist line personnel in meeting their goals

what is line personnel

employees who are part of the chain of command that is responsible for achieving organizational goals

Among the advantage of a matrix structure are that it:

encourages creativity gives manager flexibility in assigning people to projects

According to Fayol's traditional management rules, line organization managers:

enforce discipline for those they supervise issue orders to those they supervise

as effective as the informal organization may be in creating group cooperation it can still be

equally powerful in resisting management directives.

the current trend in today's organization is to ______ the span of control

expand

Rowe Furniture Company's management dismantled the assembly line, reduced the number of supervisors, and empowered line employees with the freedom to make sofas as they saw fit. This is an example of a(n):

expansion of the span of control

many organizations in the past were designed more to

facilitate management than to please the costumes.

A permanent employee for a business usually works less than 30 hours per week. a. True b. False

false

In the U.S. workforce, white-collar workers are more important than blue-collar workers. a. True b. False

false

Most American workers are members of a labor union. a. True b. False

false

When employees are paid by piece rate, they are paid a percentage of sales for which they are responsible. a. True b. False

false

An advantage of a _ organization structure is that lower level employees have authority to respond more quickly to customer needs

flat

An organization structure that has few layers of management and a broad spend of control is called a(n) _ organizational structure

flat

This figure is an example of a wide span of control in a _ organizational structure

flat

remaining ______ is the key to an organizations success in changing times

flexible

Departmentalization by process enables employees to do a better job because they can:

focus on learning few critical skills

what are two organizational systems that all companies have

formal organization informal organization

Departmentalization by _ may create groupthink, where all members think alike and so make poorer decisions

function

Division of labor -

functions are divided into areas of specialization (such as production, marketing, and finance has changed cross functional teamwork is getting more emphasis)

often being flexible enough to adapt to changing times means

going back to basic organizational principles and rebuilding the firm on a sound foundation

such product focused departmentalization usually results in

good customer relations

_____________________________ producing industries include businesses that produce or manufacture products used by other businesses or purchased by final consumers.

goods

The reasons for implementing departmentalization include:

grouping all of those doing the same task together assigning people with the correct knowledge to do each task

cross functional self managed teams

groups of employees from different departments who work together on a long term basis

what is a cross-functional self-managed teams

groups of employees from different departments who work together on a long-term basis

line managers

have the authority to issue orders and enforce discipline

The disadvantages of a line structure for large businesses are:

having lengthy lines of communication being too inflexible the lack of expertise to solve complex problems

during the era of mass production, organization theorists emerged name two influential thinkers whose principles are still being used in businesses throughout the world

henri fayol and max weber

The principle of organizational structure where one person is at the top and the other managers are ranked sequentially from the top down is called:

hierarchy

The concept that states all workers should know to whom they report is referred to as the _ of _

hierarchy authority

todays economy is dominated by

high growth industries where competition is stiff and the life cycle of new ideas is short

An important driver of change is customer expectations. Consumer today expect _ products and fast, friendly _ at a reasonable cost

high-quality; service

A(n)_____________________system connects an employee's pay to the quality or quantity of the employee's performance.

incentive

the system that develops spontaneously as employees meet and make cliques is an example of?

informal organization

in the past manager controlled

information and that gave them power

in more progressive organizations today everyone shares

information, often through an elaborate database system and among firms as well as within them

A manufacturer who uses just-in-time inventory management shares information in real time with its supplier. This is an example of transparency between firms using _ technology

internet

what is one of the hardest challenges facing any manager

introducing change is thus one of the hardest challeneges facing any manager

When an organization chart is turned upside down with top management placed at the bottom this is usually known as a(n):

inverted organization

A self-managed team:

is empowered to make decisions without management aprovval

The drawbacks to Weber's principles of organization have been that:

large organizations may develop too many rules following the rules can become an end in itself

what is the key to managerial success

learning to create the right corporate culture and work within the informal organization

Examples of employees considered to be staff personnel would include:

legal advisers information technology workers

examples of employees to be staff personnel include

legal advisers information technology workers

name four departments line organizations do not have

legal department 'accounting department human resources department information technology department

In line- and- staff structures, staff managers provide advice and support to _ departments on specialized matters such as finance, engineering, human resources, and the law

line

Production workers, distribution people, and marketing personnel who are responsible for directly achieving organizational goals are called _ personnel

line

chain of command

line of authority that moves from the top of a hierarchy to the lowest level

In a pizza parlor the chain of command is a general manager, shift manager, and employees. The employees report to the shift manager who reports to the general manager. This exemplifies a:

line organization

The personnel directly responsible for achieving organizational goals are:

line personnel

staff personnel strengthen the

line positions and are like well-paid consultants on the organization's payrol

flat structures can respond readily to customers demands because

lower-level employees have authority and responsibility for making decisions and mangers can be spared some day to day tasks

Line personnel have formal authority to

make policy decisions

the informal organization is an invaluable what

managerial asset that can promote harmony among workers and establish the corporate culture

The primary reason why managers in the latte 1900s began designing organization was so that _

managers could control workers

Authority -

managers have the right to give orders and power to enforce obedience (being modified as managers are beginning to empower employees)

Equity -

managers should treat employees with respect and justice

change

managing ______ has become a critical managerial function because the increasing rate of change affects all organizations.

staff personnel include

marketing research legal advising information technology human resource management

Economies of scale work best in a company that makes large quantities of goods using _ processes

mass production

according to fayol's order principle _____ and _____ should be placed and maintained in the proper location

materials and people

A _ structure, also called a project management structure, sets up teams from different departments, thereby creating two or more intersecting lines of authority

matrix

Four organization designs include: line, line and staff, _, and cross-functional teams

matrix

In a _ organization, project managers are in charge of teams made up of members from several departments

matrix

how does (inverted organization) this change the requirements for front-line personnel

means that front line personnel have to be better educated, better trained and better paid than in the past.

mass production

methods for efficiently producing large quantities of goods

The advantages of centralized authority in organizations include:

more efficiency

The appropriate span of control gradually

narrows at higher levels of the organization

A visit a store where clerks are uniformly glum, indifferent, or test. This is an organization where no one cares about service quality, an example of the _ impact of organizational culture

negative

Because of technology an organization is no longer self-contained. As a result the modern organization chart would show people in different organizations and indicate how they are _

networked

matrix system is important in industries where competition is stiff, and the life cycle of new ideas is short, and where the emphasis is on

new product development, creativity, special projects, rapid communication, and interdepartmental teamwork.

can an organization operate effectively without both types of organiztion

no

The _____________________ Outlook Handbook is published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and provides up-to-date information about the jobs in the U.S. economy.

occupational

Under unity of command, each worker is to report to only _ boss

one

Fayol's _ principle states that materials and people should be placed and maintained in the proper location within an organization

order

Line managers can issue

orders enforce discipline and adjust the organization as conditions change

decentralized authority

organization structure in which decision making authority is delegated to lower level managers more familiar with local conditions than headquarters management could be

flat organization structures

organization structure that has few layers of management and a broad span of control

To understand the formal reporting relationships among people in a company one may consult the company's:

organizational chart

The widely shared values within organization that foster unity and cooperation to achieve common goals is called the:

organizational culture

Today's trend is to expand the span of control because:

organizations save by reducing the number of middle managers the workforce is better educated at all levels

one of the first steps is to -- your business

organize

Regardless of the size of the business, the principles of _ its structure remain the same

organizing

A local furniture company launched a website to boost national sales. However, it could not ship the orders efficiently so its started using FedEx and UPS. This is an example of _

outsourcing

Order -

people and materials should be in the proper location

The human resources activity of ______________________ management involves evaluating how well employees are doing their jobs.

performance

The formal organization details lines of:

position authority responsibility

real time

present moment of the actual time in which something takes place

Real time is the _ moment or the _ time in which something takes place

present;actual

The Fayol principle esprit de corps indicates that a spirit of _ and _ should be created among people in the firm

pride loyalty

A company may choose to departmentalize by _ so employees are able to focus on learning a few critical skills such as cutting leather to make coats

process

A firm that makes tables may have one department that cuts the wood, another department that assembles the wood into tables, and a third department that stains the tables. This firm would departmentalize by _

process

An appliance company may have a refrigerator department, a washing machine department, and a dishwasher department. This company is departmentalizing by _

product

five methods of grouping, or departmentalizing workers are

product function customer group geographic location

A cross-functional team that is working on the development of a new prosthetic device for amputees should include:

product designers amputees who will use it parts suppliers for medical devices

name some departments a company many have

production (mowing) marketing accounting and maintenance.

line personnel include

production workers

matrix organization

project managers are in charge of teams made up of members of several departments

The advancement of an employee to a position with greater responsibility is called a(n)_____________________________

promotion

Recently, companies have been changing the organization structure to focus more on front-line employees like department store clerks, bank tellers, or cashiers. This focus has been implemented in many organization using an inverted _ structure

pyramid

managers accustomed to more traditional forms of organizational structures may have difficulty adapting to

rapid rate of change and virtual organizations

When Target developed its "creative cabinet" its main objective was to gather information from a wide range of customers so that it could:

reach different nationalities reach digital natives adapt to change

what is restructuring

redesigning an organization so that it can more effectively and efficiently serve its customers

to empower employees firms often must

reorganize dramatically to make front line workers their most important people

Unity of command

reporting to only one boss

For a department to operate effectively, the organization must allocate it sufficient _ such as funds and personnel

resources

Fayol's equity states that a manager should treat employees and peers with

respect and justice

The line organization has direct lines of _ that extend from the top managers to employees at the lowest level of the organization

responsibility communication authority

Many organization benefit form expert staff advice on

safety legal issues quality control database management motivation investing

most organizations are no longer

self-sufficient or self-contained

departmentalization

setting up individual department to do specialized tasks

when suppliers and distributors are in other countries cross functional teams may

share market information across national boundaries

The purpose of an organizational chart is to:

show relationships among people show who is accountable for the completion of specific work show who reports to whom

The _ of control is the optimal number of subordinates a manager should supervise

span

If the owner of a lawn-moving company were to take the division of labor a step further and divide the mowing task into mowing, trimming, and raking this would exemplify job _

specialization

name so high growth industries

telecommunications nanotechnology robotics biotechnology aerospace

A(n) ___________________employee is one hired for a specific time or to complete a specific assignment.

temporary

In a virtual corporation the replaceable firms are joined together on a(n) _ basis to create a flexible organization

temporary

One solution to the _ or short-term nature of matrix teams is to establish long-lived teams and empower them to work closely with suppliers, customers, and others

temporary

virtual corporation

temporary networked organization made up of replaceable firms that join and leave as needed

what is an informal organization

that system that develops spontaneously as employees meet and form cliques, relationships, and lines of authority outside the formal organization

a potential problem with the teams created by matrix management is

that the project teams are not permanent. After a problem is solved or a product developed, the team breaks up, so there is little opportunity for cross-functional training.

self managed means

that they are empowered to make decisions without management approval.

in adapting to change employees have a tendency to say

that's the way we've always done things. If it isn't broken, don't fix it

An organizational chart showing what people do within any one organization may not be complete because

the company is actually part of a larger system of firms.

what is departmentalization

the dividing of organizational functions into separate units

the informal organization's nerve center is

the grapevine

what is the benefit of the informal organization

the informal organization is very effective in generating creative solutions to short-term problems and providing a feeling of camaraderie and teamwork among employees.

what is a chain of command

the line of authority that moves from the top of a hierarchy to the lowest level

sometimes the teams are inter firm that is

the members come form two or more companies

The decision about which way to departmentalize depends on

the nature of the product and the customers served.

what is span control

the optimal number of subordinates a manager supervises or should supervise

what is real time

the present moment or the actual time in which something takes place

When employees have to ask their manager for permission to make a change,

the process may take so long that customers become annoyed. This can happen in both large and small organizations. Since customers want efficient, quick service, slow service is not acceptable.

McDonalds believes

the purchasing promotion and other such decisions are best handled centrally.

Managers accustomed to more traditional forms of organizational structures may have difficulty adapting to:

the rapid rate of change in virtual organizations

what is the economic of scale

the situation in which companies can reduce their production costs if they can purchase raw materials in bulk; the average cost of goods goes down as production levels increase

what is a formal organization

the structure that details lines of responsibility, authority, and position; that is, the structure shown on organization charts

what was the title of max webers book

the theory of social and economic organization it appeared int eh US in the late 40's

Companies are coordinating the efforts of traditional departments with

their Internet staff to create easy-to-manage interactions.

virtual corporations

they are made up of replaceable firms or individuals that join the network and leave it as needed.

core competencies

those functions that the organization can do as well as or better than any other organization in the world

what are core competencies

those functions that the organization can do as well as or better than any other organization in the world

with inverted organization the management layers are few and the managers job is

to assist and support front line people not boss them around

McDonald's moved from a centralized authority to a more decentralized authority primarily due to _

today's rapidly changing markets, and global differences in consumer tastes

centralized authority occurs when decision making is done at _______

top levels of management

The chain of command is the line of authority that moves from the _ of a hierarchy to the _ level

top; lowest

The pyramid in this image depicts a(n) _ organization

traditional

Human resources are different from almost every other resource needed by businesses. a. True b. False

true

Managers who involve employees in decision making find that better decisions are made and that employees are more likely to support those decisions. a. True b. False

true

Over the next ten years, nearly all job growth in the United States will occur in service businesses. a.true b.false

true

Technology refers to the use of automated machinery, electronic equipment, and integrated computer systems to help increase the efficiency of work production. a. True b. False

true

The final step in the hiring process is to help the new employee get a good start in the company through an orientation process. a. True b. False

true

The work environment consists of both the physical conditions and the psychological atmosphere in which employees work. a. True b. False

true

A labor ___________________ is an organized group of employees who negotiate with employers about issues, such as wages and working conditions.

union

what is networking

using communications technology and other means to link organizations and allow them to work together on common objectives

A _ corporation uses a networked organization structure in order to be flexible

virtual

The image depicts a(n) _ corporation structure

virtual

outsourcing

when a firm assigns one or more of its functions to an outside organization

A(n) ___________________ collar worker is one whose work is more mental than physical and involves the handling and processing of information.

white

in any organization it's wise to learn quickly

who is important in the informal organization

When a supervisor is responsible for 20 or more workers assembling computers or cleaning movies theaters it is an example of a(n) _ span of control

wide

what is an organizational (or corporate) culture

widely shared values within an organization that provide unity and cooperation to achieve common goals

Fayol's equity principle states that a manager should treat employees and peers:

with respect and justice

Hierarchy of authority -

workers should know to whom they report. (Managers should have the right to give orders and expect others to follow(changed over time empowerment is often more important now))

The ____________________ is made up of all the people age 16 and older who are employed or who are looking for a job.

workforce

Principles proposed by Weber and Fayol that are still useful in today's organizations include:

written rules, decision guidelines, and records staffing and promotion based on qualifications job descriptions

are Companies also training older employees to be more tech savvy

yes

can a organizational culture can also be negative

yes

do networked organization structures tend to be flexible

yes

what are digital natives

young people who have grown up using the internet and social networking

Subordination of individual interests to the general interest -

team work (concept is still very much used)

how is the culture of an organization reflected

The culture of an organization is reflected in stories, traditions, and myths

what is the difference between line and staff personnel

The difference between line and staff personnel is authority. Line personnel have formal authority to make policy decisions. Staff personnel have the authority to advise the line personnel and make suggestions, but they can't make policy changes themselves.

what is a drawback of the formal organization

The drawback of the formal organization is that it is often too slow and bureaucratic to enable an organization to adapt quickly.

what is the drawback of the informal organization

The drawback of the informal organization is that it is often too unstructured and emotional to allow careful, reasoned decision-making on critical matters.

authority responsibility position

The formal organization details lines of:

A drawback of the informal organization is that:

The grapevine can spread inaccurate rumors very quickly

describe the importance of the "grapevine" in the organization

The grapevine is the nerve center of the informal organization. It is the system through which unofficial information flows between employees and managers.

the key to productive culture

The key to a productive culture is mutual trust.

flexible

The key to success is remaining ______________ in changing times.

responsibility authority communication

The line organization has direct lines of _______ that extend from the top manager to employees at the lowest level of the organization.

Dividing tasks into smaller jobs is called:

job specialization

organizing

structuring, begins with determining what work needs to be done (mowing, edging, trimming) and then dividing up the tasks

hierarchy

system in which one person is at the top of the organization and there is a ranked or sequential ordering from the top down or managers who are responsible for that person