BUSN 115 Chapter 8
What are some examples of employees considered to be staff personnel would include?
-Info technology workers -legal advisors
The result of the increase in the rate of change in the business environment from causes such as natural disasters and global competition has been that companies must:
-adapt to new technologies -change more quickly then ever before
What are the advantages of decentralization
-adaption to customer wants -empowerment of workers
Line managers are those who have the authority to:
-adjust to changing conditions -issue orders -enforce discipline
Cross-functional self-managed teams are used in organizations to:
-break down barriers between functional departments
Greater top management control is an advantage of ___ organization structure.
-centralized
The result of the increase in the rate of change in the business environment from causes such as natural disasters and global competition has been that companies must:
-change more quickly than ever before -adapt to new technologies
what are customer expectations today:
-consumers today want high-quality products with fast, friendly service and all at low cost
In a project where members have different expertise and leadership is shaped to complete tasks, which organization structure works best ?
-cross-functional self managed team
when designing response organizations, what decisions do firms have to make?
-decide between centralization or decentralization -decide the span of the control -choose between tall or flat structures
Regardless of the size of the organization, the principles of organizing include:
-deciding what work needs to be done -dividing up the tasks to be done
Regardless of the size of the organization the principles of organizing include:
-dividing up the task to be clear -deciding what work needs to be done
what are the reasons for implementing departmentalization
-employees can develop skills in depth and progress within a department -the company can achieve economic of scale by centralizing all the resources it needs and locate various experts in that area -employees can coordinate work within the function, and top management can easily direct and control various department's activities
For departments to operate effectively, they must be allocated sufficient resources such as:
-funds -equipment -personnel (workers)
what are Weber's principles of organization
-job descriptions -written rules, decision guidelines, and detailed records -consistent procedures. regulations and policies -staffing and promotion based on qualifications
What are the disadvantages of decentralization
-less efficiency -complex distribution system
What are some advantages of a centralized authority?
-more efficiency -simpler distribution system -greater top-management control
why are organizatins changing business enviorments
-more global competition -declining economy -faster technological change -pressure to protect the enviorment
What are two examples that exemplify line personnel in the line-and-staff organization?
-packing personnel -production workers
what does a matrix organization emphasis on
-product development -creativity -special projects -communication -teamwork
What are some examples of a departmentalization process?
-the creation of a group including only accountants to process financial transactions -the creation of s group of specialists to process the Human Resources functions of the business
what are the disadvantages of line structure for large businesses:
-the lack of expertise to solve complex problems of communication -being too flexible -having lengthy lines of communication
Today's trend is to expand the span of control because :
-the workforce is better educated at all levels -organizations save by reducing the number of middle managers
what are Fayol's 10 principles
-unity of command -hierarchy of authority -division of labor -subordination of individual interest to the general interest -authority -degree of centralization -clear communication channels -order -equity -esprit de corps
The line organization's has direct lines of 1.,2.,3. That extend from the top,Ana get to employees at the lowest level of organization
1. Communication 2. Responsibility 3. Authority
what are the four ways to structure an organization
1. line organizations 2. line-and-staff organizations 3. matrix-style organizations 4. cros-functional self-managed teams
corporate or organizational... culture
3 M is a company that rewards innovation as part of its ___ ____.
matrix
A ____ structure, also called a project management structure, sets up teams from different departments, thereby creating two or more intersecting lines of authority.
it prevents confusion since each employee reports to one manager
A benefit of the unity of command principle is:
going beyond organizational boundaries
A cross-functional team that includes customers, suppliers, and distributors is:
Identify drawback of a tall organization structure from the following examples
A higher cost to support the many levels of staff High amount of paperwork generated Messages can get distorted through the various levels
match the flexibility of small firms
A large organization might use a flat organization structure in order to:
outsourcing
A local furniture company launched a website to boost national sales. However, it could not ship the orders efficiently so it started using FedEx and UPS. This is an example of _________.
Hierarchy
A system in which one person is at the top of the organization and there is a ranked or sequential ordering from the top down of managers who are responsible to that person is called a(n) ________.
Virtual corporation
A temporary networked organization made up of replaceable firms that join and leave as needed is called a(n):
centralized
A(n) ______ organization structure maintains the decision-making authority at the top level of management.
materials; people
According to Fayol's order principle, ______ and ______ should be placed and maintained in the proper location.
Division of labor
According to Fayol, the ____ _ ____ principle states that functions are to be divided into areas of specialization.
According to the text the key to success for organizations is
According to the text the key to success for organizations is remaining flexible and adapting to the changing times. Often that means going back to basic organizational principles.
name a booked the Henri Fayol published in 1919 and in 1949 it was popularized in the US under what title
Administration industrielle et generale In US General and Industrial Management
Line personnel have the authority to issue orders and discipline employees, while staff personnel have the ability to ___ and influence
Advise
Identify which of the following would exemplify employee empowerment
An employee is able to offer free delivery to close a sale without manager approval Workers can approve a sale price without management approval An employee is able to take customer returns without manager approval
control
An important decision to be made while designing a responsive organization is about the size of the span of ________.
illustrate and describe an inverted organization
An inverted organization has contact people at the top and the chief executive officer at the bottom. There are few layers of management. Draw here
what does an organization chart show
An organization chart shows relationships among people: who is accountable for the completion of specific work and who reports to whom.
Centralized
An organization structure in which decision-making authority is maintained at the top level of management is called a(n) ______ organization.
line organization
An organization that has direct two-way lines of responsibility, authority, and communication running from the top to the bottom of the organization, with all people reporting to only one supervisor is called a(n) _____.
expand
As organizations adopt empowerment, reduce the number of middle managers, and hire more talented and better educated lower-level employees the trend today is to ______ the span of control.
why does span of control narrow at higher levels of organization
At levels where work is standardized, span of control can be broad. The appropriate span gradually narrows at higher levels of the organization because work becomes less standardized and managers need more face-to-face communication.
Identify the principles of Henri Fayol's book General and Industrial Management from the following list
Authority Division of labor Hierarchy of authority
Networking will continue to evolve as digital natives become more and more prevalent in organizations. Why is this considered to be a natural and smooth transition
Because digital natives have grown up with certain technologies used in networking
As effective as the informal organization may be in creating group cooperation, it can still be equally powerful in resisting management directors. Identify from the following list some examples of employee resistance
Being absent Employees may spread incorrect rumors Employee theft
How does benchmarking lead to outsourcing, and ultimately to a firm's core competencies
Benchmarking demands that organizations compare each function against the best in the world. If an organization can't do as well as the best in a particular area, it often will try to outsource the function to an organization that is the best. Outsourcing is assigning various functions to outside organizations. When a firm has completed the outsourcing process, the remaining functions are the firm's core competencies, which are functions that the organization can do as well as, or better than, any other organization in the world.
What are the advantages of decentralized authority
Better adaptation go customer wants More empowerment of workers Faster decision making Higher morale
What type of departmentalization is shown in this example
By product
Adjusting to the changing market is a normal function of a ___ economy.
Capitalist
Greater top management control is an advantage of ___ organization structures
Centralized
restructuring
Changing a supply line to make it more efficient and a better use of resources would exhibit
Structure
Changing and adapting an organization's ______ in response to changes in the technological environment is crucial to success.
how does the inverted organization support front line personnel
Companies based upon an inverted organization structure support front-line personnel with internal and external databases, advance communication systems and professional assistance.
Nuke sells golf clubs, swim wear. However, Nike is known best for its marketing and advertising of athletic shoes. This is known as Nike's ___?
Core competency
describe the characteristics of cross-functional teams
Cross- functional teams consist of groups of employees from different departments who work together on a long term basis. These teams are empowered to make decisions without having to seek the approval of management. Barriers between functions fall when these interdepartmental teams are created.
A surgical team has various skilled personnel that work together on a long-term basis to accomplish daily surgeries. A group like this represents what type organizational model
Cross-functional self-managed teams
Which Fayol principle states that the amount of decision-making power vested in top management should vary by circumstances
Degree of centralization
describe division of labor
Division of labor refers to dividing up tasks among workers
Unity of command
Each worker is to report to one, and only one, boss is an example of which Fayol princi
Which of the following are elements of a typical organization chart
Employees First-line supervisors President
change
Employees at all levels often resist ____.
True or false: A company is benchmarking when comparing its practices, processes, and products against only the best companies in its region
False
True or false: An informal organization system follows the organization chart's lines of authority
False
True or false: Neither line nor line-and-staff organization structures suffer from inflexibility
False
True or false: Outsourcing is a process used by larger firms, but it has not become a prevalent practice used by small firms
False
True or false: The key to success for companies in a capitalist economy is to remain inflexible during times of change
False
True or false: The minimum number of subordinates a manager can supervise is called span of control
False
True or false? A bureaucracy is designed to be customer focused
False
outsourcing is a process used by larger firms but it has not become a prevelant practice used by small firms
False
with respect and justice
Fayol's equity principle states that a manager should treat employees and peers:
Line organizations follow all of whos traditional management rules
Fayols
hybrid
Firms may use a combination of departmentalization techniques to create a(n) ________ form.
line and staff
Four ways to structure an organization include line, ______ and ___________, matrix, and cross-functional teams.
Division of labor
Functions being divided into areas of specialization such as production, marketing, and finance are examples of which Fayol principle?
Henri Fayol's book was popularized in the United States under what title
General and Industrial Management
When a company departmentalize by areas of business like Japan, America, and Australia it is exemplifying departmentalization by:
Geographic location
Max Weber was a
German sociologist and economist, he promoted the pyramid-shaped organization structure that became popular in large firms
corporate culture
Google is a company that provides many services and a relaxed atmosphere for its employees to keep them engaged at work. That is a strong feature of its:
what are the advantages of centralized authority
Greater management control More efficiency Simpler distribution system Stronger brand/corporate image
cross-functional teams
Groups of employees from different departments who work together on a long-term basis are called:
name two companies who have reorganized giving empowerment to employees
Home Depot and Nordstrom ( Nordstrom employees can accept a return from a customer without managerial approval even if the item was not originally sold at that store)
Which of the following would qualify as staff personnel in the line-and staff organization
Human resource managers Legal advisers Marketing research analysts
A firm that has a marketing department organized geographically and a production process organized by function has which type of departmental structure
Hybrid
A firm that has a marketing department organized geographically and a productive process organized by function has which type of departmental structure?
Hybrid
Line-and-staff organizations Cross-functional self-managed teams Line organizations Matrix-style organizations
Identify the four ways to structure an organization.
matrix organization
If an organization temporarily borrows its specialists from different functional areas to accomplish a common project, it is implementing what type of organization?
In a company with many layer of management what is the process for an employee mto introduce a work change?
In a company with many layers of management, if employees want to introduce work changes, they ask a supervisor, who asks a manager, who asks a manager at the next level up, and so on. Eventually a decision is made and passed down from manager to manager until it reaches the employee. Decisions can take weeks or months to be made.
Span of control in flat organizational structures
In a flat organization, there are fewer layers of management, and the span of control gets broader. (many people report to each manager)
Span of control in tall organizational structures
In a tall organization there are many levels of management, and span of control is small. (few people reported to each manager)
Temporary
In a virtual corporation the replaceable firms are joined together on a(n) _________ , Incorrect Unavailable basis to create a flexible organization.
down
In economies of scale, a company buys raw materials in bulk so that the average cost of goods goes _____________ as the production levels increase.
how have managers' views toward the informal organization changed in the new more open organizations
In more traditional organizations, managers and employees were often at odds, and the informal structure often hindered management. In the new, more open organizations, managers and employees work together and the informal structure is viewed as an asset that promotes harmony among workers and establishes a positive corporate culture.
other companies copy the processes
Innovations like the mass production of cars can create economies of scale. However, over time this benefit becomes less meaningful because:
why is introducing change in an organization difficult
Introducing change in an organization is difficult because managers and employees may have a tendency to "get stuck" in their old ways, and resist the efforts to change.
Matrix organizations violate traditional managerial principles, yet can be more efficient. This contradiction can be attributed to which of the following attributes
It can produce creative solutions to problems It encourages inter organizational cooperation and teamwork
Which of the following are considered to be disadvantages to the matrix organization
It requires good interpersonal skills It can confuse employees about whose order to follow It's costly and complex
Which of the following would be a positive result of departmentalization by product
It results in good customer relations
what two retail stores are implementing decentralized authority
JcPenny and Manys also Home depot and lowes
Max Weber's principle of organization resembled Fayol's. In addition, Weber emphasized which of the following principles
Job descriptions Consistent procedures, regulations, and policies Written rules, decision guidelines, and detailed records
describe job specialization
Job specialization is dividing tasks into smaller jobs
what are the disadvantages of decentralized authority
Less efficiency Complex distribution system Less top-management control Weakened corporate image
what are the disadvantages of centralized authority
Less responsiveness to customers Less empowerment Interorganizational conflict Lower morale away from headquarters
enforce discipline adjust to changing conditions issue orders
Line managers are those who have the authority to:
Production workers, distribution workers, and marketing personnel who are responsible for directly achieving organizational goals are examples of ?
Line personnel
change
Managing _____ has become a critical managerial function because the increasing rate of change affects all organizations.
if Most organizations are no longer self-sufficient or self-contained what are they a part of
Many modern organizations are part of a vast network of global businesses.
Which of the following departments could be considered by a company approaching departmentalization by functions
Marketing Production Accounting
The Theory of Social and Economic Organizations was written by which organizational theorist
Max Weber
The principles of bureaucracy which brought consistent application of rules and procedures to organizations were proposed by ?
Max Weber
Which of the following were two organization theorists that emerged during the mass production era
Max Weber Henri Fayol
Which of Fayol's principles states that people should be placed and maintained in the proper location?
Order
what is the result of those changes on organizational design and structure
Organizational structures tend to be flexible and changing. Experts from one company may work for one company one year, and another the next year. Organizations deal with each other on a temporary basis and the ties between organizations are no longer permanent. These are often called virtual corporations because they are made up of replaceable firms or individuals that join the network and leave it as needed.
how have the networking, real time, and the concept of transparency changed they way information is shared between organizations
Organizations are so closely linked via networking that each organization knows what the others are doing, in real time. Since data is so readily available to organizational partners, companies are so open to one another that the solid walls between them have become transparent. Because of this integration, two companies can now work together so closely that they operate as two departments within one company.
Regardless of the size of the business, the principles of ___ it's structure remains the same
Organizing
_, or division of labor, begins with determining what work needs to be done, and then dividing up the tasks among the organization
Organizing
groupthink
People in the same department tend to think alike
Which of the following exemplify line personnel in the line-and-staff organization
Production workers Packaging personnel
line
Production workers, distribution people, and marketing personnel who are responsible for directly achieving organizational goals are called __________ personnel.
present; actual
Real time is the ______ moment or the ______ time in which something takes place.
Organizing
Regardless of the size of the business, the principles of __________ its structure remain the same.
organizing
Regardless of the size of the business, the principles of _______________ its structure remain the same.
dividing up the tasks to be done deciding what work needs to be done
Regardless of the size of the organization, the principles of organizing include:
flexible
Remaining ______ is the key to an organization's success in changing times.
effective and efficient
Restructuring involves redesigning an organization so that it can be more ___ and _____.
hybrid
Some companies create ________ structures because the sales department has geographic departments, production is by function, and marketing is by customer groups.
hybrid
Some companies create _________ structures because the sales department has geographic departments, production is by function, and marketing is by customer groups.
In a line-and-staff organization, those who advise line personnel, but do not have the authority to issue direct orders to them and the company's ___ personnel
Staff
In line-and-staff structures,___ managers provide advice and support to ___ departments in specialized matter such as finance, engineering, Human Resources, and the law
Staff & Line
what retailing giant has a very centralized form of management
Target it is so top down that the CEO interviews candidates for the top 600 positions
how are companies using the internet to help adapt to changes
The Internet has created new opportunities to ask customers questions and provide them with information. Companies are also training older employees to be more tech savvy to become familiar with social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter as well as other applications.
formal
The ______ organization details lines of responsibility, authority, and position. It is the structure shown on organization charts.
Degree of centralization -
The amount of decision making power given to top management should vary by circumstances.
what is a benefit of the formal organization
The benefit of a formal organization is that it provides helpful guidelines and lines of authority to follow in routine situations.
describe the kind of organizational culture that the best organizations have..
The best organizations have cultures that emphasize service to others, especially customers. The atmosphere is one of friendly, concerned, caring people who enjoy working together to provide a good product at a reasonable price. Those companies have less need for close supervision of employees, and fewer policy manuals, organization charts and formal rules, procedures and controls.
what has created so much change in organizations
The change in organizations is due to the changing business environment - more global competition, a declining economy, faster technological change, and pressure to do more about the environment. Consumer expectations have also changed, and consumers expect the highest quality products and fast, friendly service at a reasonable cost.
Which of the following are advantages of departmentalization by function
The company can achieve economies of scale Employees develop in depth skills and continue to progress
Hierarchy of authority
The concept that states all workers should know to whom they report is referred to as the________
hierarchy
The principle of organizational structure where one person is at the top and the other managers are ranked sequentially from the top down is called:
Important
The principle of subordination of individual interests to the general Interests states that the goals of the team are more _______ than goals of the individual workers.
Max Weber
The principles of bureaucracy which brought consistent application of rules and procedures to organizations were proposed by
the process of rule making often led to
The process of rule making often led to rigid organizations that didn't always respond quickly to consumer requests
what is the trend in todays organizations regarding span of control
The trend is to expand the span of control by reducing the number of middle managers and hiring more educated and talented lower level employees.
confusion
The unity of command principle states that each person should report to only one manager in order to prevent _________
According to the Harvard Business Review, young people who play online games will feel comfortable working in global teams. Why is this assumption made
These young people have experience working in groups over the Internet
According to John Mackey of Whole Foods, cross-functional self-managed teams work best when:
They are collaborative They are empowered Leadership is shared
line
Those directly responsible for achieving the organization's production goals by issuing orders and enforcing discipline are ______ managers.
Which of the following are reasons to name department managers for each department created during departmentalization
To assure the department's accountability To maintain control of the whole process
How are companies reorganizing to make customers happy
To make customers happy, organizations are giving employees more power to make decisions on their own and to please the customer no matter what.
What are some of the goals of developing an organization chart
To show who report to whom To show relationships among people
organizations save by reducing the number of middle managers the workforce is better educated at all levels
Today's trend is to expand the span of control because:
what is meant by the concept of transparency
Transparency occurs when a company is so open to other companies that electronic information is shared as if the companies were one company.
True or false: A company may have to make organization changes based on outsiders' perceptions, such as that of stock market actors
True
True or false: Learning to create the right corporate culture and work within the informal organization is key to managerial success
True
True or false: Many jobs can be done quickly and well when each person specializes
True
True or false: Networking uses technology, such as a company intranet, to link organizations and their suppliers to allow them to work together for a common goal
True
false
True or false: The key to success for companies in a capitalist economy is to remain inflexible during times of change.
Subordination of individual interest to the general interest
Under which Fayol principle do workers think of themselves as a coordinated team?
Hierarchy of authority
Under which Fayol principle does it state that all workers should know to whom they report? Multiple choice question.
Weber's principles of strict rules and procedures are still known to be very effective for which of the following organizations
United Parcel Service
Name an organization today that still thrives on Weber's theories
United Parcel Service (UPS)
name 10 of Fayols principles of organization
Unity of command Hierarchy of authority Division of labor Subordination of individual interests to the general interest Authority Degree of centralization Clear communication channels Order Equity Esprit de corps
networking
Using communications technology to link organizations and allow them to work together on common objectives is called:
Which organizational theorist promoted the pyramid-shaped organizing structure as critical to his bureaucracy- based philosophy
Weber
What did Weber mean by the term "bureaucrat"
Weber used the term bureaucrat to describe a middle manager whose function it was to implement top management's orders.
Economies of scale
When GM and Ford Motor Company introduced large factories and mass production, the cost of building each car declined. This effect exemplifies ______.
Economies of scale
When a company purchases raw materials in bulk, thus reducing the cost of production, it is called:
outsourcing
When a firm assigns one or more of its functions to an outside organization, it is:
why should cross functional teams include customers, suppliers, and distributors.
When cross functional teams include customers, suppliers and distributors it goes beyond the boundaries of the organization, and market information can be shared.
Choose between tall or flat structures Decide the span of control Decide between centralization versus decentralization Depersonalization
When designing responsive organizations, what decisions do firms have to make?
Regardless of the business size the principles are similar.
Which is a true statement about the principles of organization?
order
Which of Fayol's principles states that materials and people should be placed and maintained in the proper location:
If you owned a small company, and a major competitor stated promoting itself in your area, what information might you look for while monitoring the business environment
Who are your competitor's target clients in the area What new products are customers demanding
Employees and managers are sometimes resistant to change.
Why is adapting to change one of the hardest challenges facing any manager?
how do workers today differ from those during the time that Weber was writing and how did that affect management
Workers during Weber's time were much less educated and trained than today's workers. Weber felt that a firm would do well if employees would do what managers told them to do. The less decision making employees had to do, the better.
Max Weber
Written rules and procedures. promotion based on qualifications, and job descriptions are organizing principles proposed by:
flat
______ organization structures respond to customer demands faster because its lower-level employees have authority and responsibility for making decisions.
In a ____________________ plan, employees receive their regular compensation plus a portion of the company's earnings. a. profit-sharing b. straight salary c. cafeteria d. stock options
a
The assignment of an employee to another job in the company with a similar level of responsibility is called a a. transfer. b. demotion. c. termination. d. promotion.
a
hybrid
a company could departmentalize by function, geographic location, and customer groups
what is geographic location
a company that has customers in several different regions of the world
when violation between the production and marketing departments is so great that production does not get appropriate feedback, it is an example of
a disadvantage of departmentalization
Esprit de corps -
a spirit of pride and loyalty should be created
what is a hierarchy
a system in which one person is at the top of the organization and there is a ranked or sequential ordering from the top down of managers whoa re responsible to that person.
what is a virtual corporation
a temporary networked organization made up of replaceable firms that join and leave as needed
what is an organization chart
a visual device that shows relationships among people and divides the organization's work; it shows who reports to whom
disadvantages of a matrix structure are
a. Costly and complex. b. Can cause confusion among employees as to where their loyalty belongs. c. Requires good interpersonal skills and cooperative managers and employees. d. Temporary solution to long term problem.
The advantages of a matrix structure are
a. Flexibility in assigning people to projects. b. Encourages cooperation among departments. c. Can produce creative solutions to problems. d. Allows for efficient use of resources.
Identify four characteristics of Max Webers Bureaucracy
a. Job descriptions b. Written rules, decision guidelines and detailed records c. Consistent procedures, regulations and policies d. Staffing and promotions based on qualifications
what are the disadvantages of the traditional functional structure
a. Lack of communication among departments. b. Employees identify with the department and not with the corporation as a whole. c. Response to external change is slow. d. people may not be trained to take different managerial responsibilities rather they tend to become narrow specialists . e. People in the same department tend to think alike - groupthink.
Four organizational structures are:
a. Line organizations b. Line and staff organizations c. Matrix-style organizations d. Cross-functional self-managed teams
what are five methods of grouping, or departmentalizing, workers
a. Product b. Function c. Customer group d. Geographic location e. Process
what are the advantages of the traditional functional structure
a. Skills can be developed in depth and employees can progress as skills are developed. b. the company can achieve economies of scale by centralizing all the resources it needs and locate various experts in that area c. Employees can coordinate work within the function, and top management can easily direct and control various departments' activities
In a large business, a line organization may have the disadvantages of
a. being too inflexible b. having too few specialists c. having long lines of communication d. being unable to handle complex decisions necessary in a large organization.
starting an organization consists of
a. devising a division of labor b. setting up teams or departments to do specific tasks c. assigning responsibility and authority to people d. allocating resources e. assigning specific tasks f. establishing procedures for accomplishing organizational objectives
An organization must remain flexible and able to _ to changing times and be successful
adapt
an organization must be flexible and be able to _________ to changing times and be successful
adapt
Line managers are those who have the authority to:
adjust to changing conditions enforce discipline issue orders
Identify from the following lists the advantages and disadvantages to decentralized authority:
advantage empowerment of workers adaption to customer wants disadvantage less efficiency complex distribution system
Staff employees _ line managers in meeting their goals
advise
Staff personnel have the authority to
advise the line personnel and make suggestions, but they can't make policy changes themselves
Clear communication channels -
all workers should be able to reach others in the firm quickly and easily
what is a matrix organization
an organization in which specialists from different parts of the organization are brought together to wok on specific projects but still remain part of a line-and-staff structure.
what is a decentralized authority
an organization structure in which decision-making authority is delegated to lower-level managers more familiar with local conditions than headquarters management could be
what is a centralized authority
an organization structure in which decision-making authority is maintained at the top level of management
what is an inverted organization
an organization that has contact people at the top and the chief executive officer at the bottom of the organization chart
what is a line organization
an organization that has two-way line of responsibility, authority and communication running from the top to the bottom of the organization, with all people reporting to only one supervisor
what is a bureaucracy
an organization with many layers or managers who set rules and regulations and oversee all decisions
what is a tall organization structure
an organizational structure in which the pyramidal organization chart would be quite tall because of the various levels of management
what s a flat organization structure
an organizational structure that has a few layers of management and a broad span of control
A job __________________ is a specific study of a job to identify in detail the job duties and skill requirements.
analysis
a line organizaiton does not have
any specialists who provide managerial support
line personnel
are responsible for directly achieving organizational goals and include production workers distribution people and marketing personnel
These companies stress high moral and ethical values such
as honesty, reliability, fairness, environmental protection, and social involvement.
Under Fayol's _ principle, managers have the right to give orders and the power to enforce obedience
authority
what is the most important difference between line and staff personnel
authority
All of the following are blue-collar workers EXCEPT a. truck drivers. b. accountants. c. mechanics. d. seamstresses.
b
All of the following are part of the planning and staffing function of human resources activities EXCEPT a. recruitment and selection. b. benefits planning. c. job placement. d. job analysis.
b
An employee who regularly works a schedule of 30 hours or more per week would be classified as a a. temporary employee. b. full-time employee. c. seasonal employee. d. part-time employee.
b
Between 2012 and 2022, which of the following occupational categories is expected to grow the fastest? a. business and financial operations b. construction and extraction c. sales and marketing d. farming, fishing, and forestry
b
Businesses are required by law to provide all of the following benefits EXCEPT a. social security. b. paid vacations. c. overtime hours worked. d. Medicare.
b
In 2015, the size of the U.S. workforce was more than ____________________ people. a. 95 million b. 150 million c. 40 million d. 200 million
b
Removing work from one company and sending it to another company that can complete it at a lower cost is called a. freelancing. b. outsourcing. c. rightsizing. d. downsizing.
b
This work arrangement offers one job to two people, each of whom works a part-time schedule. a. flexplace b. job sharing c. flextime d. telecommuting
b
once you have formed and organization you must
be prepared to adapt the structure to changes in the market
why does The appropriate span of control gradually narrows at higher levels of the organization
because work becomes less standardized and managers need more face to face communication
Max Weber
believed that large organizations demanded clearly established rules and guidelines to be followed perciesly
When a snowboard company consulted a cable television company to learn how to braid layers of fiberglass and carbon for its snowboards it was an example of _
benchmarking
When competitors like Walmart and target compare their processes to try to improve their methods is an example of ?
benchmarking
Companies based on the inverted organization structure support front-line personnel with internal and external databases, advanced communication systems, and professional assistance. Naturally , this means front-line people have to be _
better paid better educated better trained
In a matrix system a product manager can
borrow people from different departments to help design and market new product ideas.
A(n) _ span of control allows one supervisor to be responsible for many workers whose work tasks are predictable and standardized
broad
A supervisor who is responsible for 40 workers at an auto assembly plant is said to have a _ span of _
broad control
In the past many organizations designed rules and regulations to give managers control over employees. An organization's reliance on these rules is called _
bureaucracy
Max Weber used the word _ to describe a middle manager whose function was to implement top management's orders
bureaucrat
Formal negotiation between unions and management resolve issues through a. arbitration. b. strikebreaking. c. collective bargaining. d. litigation.
c
This federal law prohibits job discrimination based on race, color, religion, gender, and national origin. a. Age Discrimination Act of 1967 b. Fair Hiring Act of 1983 c. Civil Rights Act of 1964 d. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1992
c
This type of compensation method pays the employee a specific amount of money for each hour worked. a. piece rate b. commission c. time wage d. straight salary
c
Which of the following is one of the service-providing industries? a. construction b. mining c. real estate d. agriculture
c
A(n) ____________________ plan allocates a certain amount of money to each employee that can be spent on benefits; the employee selects the benefits he or she prefers.
cafeteria
when designing responsive organizations firms have to make decisions about several organizational issues:
centralization versus decentralization span of control tall versus flat organization structures departmentalization
A(n) _ organization structure maintains the decision- making authority at the top level of management
centralized
If the structure of an organization is a tall pyramid, it would be likely to have _ decision making
centralized
Target's CEO personally conducts the interview process when hiring for the top 600 positions in the company. This is an example of _
centralized authority
Employees at all levels often resist _ because they are used to doing their jobs in ways they know
change
Making your organization more responsive to customers by decentralizing its structure is one way to adapt to _ in the environment
change
managing ______ has become a critical managerial function because the increasing rate of change affects all organizations
change
The result of the increase in the rate of change in the business environment from causes such as natural disasters and global competition has been that companies must:
change more quickly than ever before adapt to new technologies
According to Fayol, all workers should be able to reach each other quickly and easily through clear _
communication channels
companies are moving toward catering to what
companies are moving toward catering to local markets
A hybrid form of departmentalization is being used when
companies use a combination of departmentalization techniques.
what is benchmarking
comparing an organization's practices, processes, and products against the world's best
benchmarking
comparing an organizations practices processes and products against the worlds best
______________________ is the amount of money paid to an employee for work performed.
compensation
When a firm like Target compares itself to Walmart to improve its practices or processes in order to become better than Walmart it is exemplifying benchmarking for a(n) _ purpose
competitive
The unity of command principle states that each person should report to only one manager in order to prevent _
confusion
Key people in the grapevine have
considerable influence.
When Fayol refers to subordination of individual interests to the general interest, he believes that workers are to think of themselves as a(n):
coordinated team
when a firm has completed its outsourcing process the remain functions are its
core competences
Nike's strength is in manufacturing athletic shoes and Apple's is in marketing innovative electronics. These are examples of each company's:
core competencies
Because Nike is superior at designing and marketing athletic shoes, this is considered to be their:
core competency
Google is a company that provides many services and a relaxed atmosphere for its employees to keep them engaged at work. That is a strong feature of its:
corporate culture
When doctors, nurses, technicians, and anesthesiologists from different departments in the hospital work together to complete an operation this is an example of a:
cross-functional self-managed team
Groups of employees from different departments who work together on a long-term basis are called:
cross-functional teams
The organizational __________________________ is the environment in which people work, made up of the atmosphere, behaviors, beliefs, and relationships.
culture
A bank has a department for customer accounts and another department for corporate accounts. The bank is departmentalizing by _
customer group
what is the type of departmentalization is this: president head above consumers-->manufacturers-->insitutions-> command users
customer group departmentalization
Empowering front line workers help organizations adapt to change by responding more quickly to its:
customers
A few hours each month that employees can schedule for non-job activities is called a. flextime. b. absenteeism. c. family leave d. personal time.
d
An artificial limit placed on minority groups moving into positions of authority and decision making is called the a. iron curtain. b. silver-lined cloud. c. velvet glove. d. glass ceiling.
d
Human resources a. do not include people hired to fill temporary positions. b. include only management, not regular employees. c. include only full-time workers. d. none of the above.
d
The greatest increase in the American labor force in the future will be a. women. b. ethnic and racial minorities. c. older workers. d. all of the above.
d
Which of the following is NOT a major responsibility of a company's human resources department? a. matching employees' abilities and interests with specific jobs b. protecting the health and safety of employees c. developing compensation packages d. drafting a budget for the entire company
d
Which of the following is NOT typically discussed during a performance evaluation with an employee? a. plan for any needed performance improvement b. the support the employee can expect from management c. employee's communication skills d. employee benefits
d
An important reason why companies _ authority is to be more responsive to customer needs
decentralize
Companies that allow their managers to make key decisions to cater to local markets are _
decentralized
When decision making is delegated to lower-level managers and employees more familiar with local conditions than top mangers it is called:
decentralized authority
Diving an organization into separate working units is called:
departmentalization
The process of setting up individual departments to do specialized tasks is called _
departmentalization
the process of setting up individual departments to do specialized tasks is called
departmentalization
Important decisions to be made while designing an organization include:
departmentalization span of control degree of centralization
organizing or structuring begins with?
determining what work needs to be done (mowing, edging, trimming) and then dividing up the tasks.
An answer to the disadvantage of the temporary teams created by matrix management is to
develop permanent teams and to empower them to work closely with suppliers, customers, and others to quickly and efficiently bring out new, high-quality products while giving great service.
Young people who have grown up with the internet are referred to as:
digital natives
line organization
direct two way lines of responsibility authority and communication running from the top to the bottom of the organization with everyone reporting to only one supervisor
division of labor
dividing tasks evenly among workers
According to Fayol, the _ of _ principle states that functions are to be divided into areas of specialization
division labor
Once managers determine what work needs to be done, they then need to divide up the tasks among workers. This is called _ of _
division labor
When a house painting company divides workers into those who prepare the surface, those who paint the trim, and those who paint the walls, it is an example of:
division of labor
A planned reduction in the number of employees needed in a firm to reduce costs and make the business more efficient is called ________________________
downsizing
When a company purchases raw materials in bulk, thus reducing the cost of production, it is called:
economies of scale
Restructuring involves redesigning an organization so that it can be more _ and _
effective efficient
empowerment works only when
employees are given the proper training and resources to respond
what is staff personnel
employees who advise and assist line personnel in meeting their goals
what is line personnel
employees who are part of the chain of command that is responsible for achieving organizational goals
Among the advantage of a matrix structure are that it:
encourages creativity gives manager flexibility in assigning people to projects
According to Fayol's traditional management rules, line organization managers:
enforce discipline for those they supervise issue orders to those they supervise
as effective as the informal organization may be in creating group cooperation it can still be
equally powerful in resisting management directives.
the current trend in today's organization is to ______ the span of control
expand
Rowe Furniture Company's management dismantled the assembly line, reduced the number of supervisors, and empowered line employees with the freedom to make sofas as they saw fit. This is an example of a(n):
expansion of the span of control
many organizations in the past were designed more to
facilitate management than to please the costumes.
A permanent employee for a business usually works less than 30 hours per week. a. True b. False
false
In the U.S. workforce, white-collar workers are more important than blue-collar workers. a. True b. False
false
Most American workers are members of a labor union. a. True b. False
false
When employees are paid by piece rate, they are paid a percentage of sales for which they are responsible. a. True b. False
false
An advantage of a _ organization structure is that lower level employees have authority to respond more quickly to customer needs
flat
An organization structure that has few layers of management and a broad spend of control is called a(n) _ organizational structure
flat
This figure is an example of a wide span of control in a _ organizational structure
flat
remaining ______ is the key to an organizations success in changing times
flexible
Departmentalization by process enables employees to do a better job because they can:
focus on learning few critical skills
what are two organizational systems that all companies have
formal organization informal organization
Departmentalization by _ may create groupthink, where all members think alike and so make poorer decisions
function
Division of labor -
functions are divided into areas of specialization (such as production, marketing, and finance has changed cross functional teamwork is getting more emphasis)
often being flexible enough to adapt to changing times means
going back to basic organizational principles and rebuilding the firm on a sound foundation
such product focused departmentalization usually results in
good customer relations
_____________________________ producing industries include businesses that produce or manufacture products used by other businesses or purchased by final consumers.
goods
The reasons for implementing departmentalization include:
grouping all of those doing the same task together assigning people with the correct knowledge to do each task
cross functional self managed teams
groups of employees from different departments who work together on a long term basis
what is a cross-functional self-managed teams
groups of employees from different departments who work together on a long-term basis
line managers
have the authority to issue orders and enforce discipline
The disadvantages of a line structure for large businesses are:
having lengthy lines of communication being too inflexible the lack of expertise to solve complex problems
during the era of mass production, organization theorists emerged name two influential thinkers whose principles are still being used in businesses throughout the world
henri fayol and max weber
The principle of organizational structure where one person is at the top and the other managers are ranked sequentially from the top down is called:
hierarchy
The concept that states all workers should know to whom they report is referred to as the _ of _
hierarchy authority
todays economy is dominated by
high growth industries where competition is stiff and the life cycle of new ideas is short
An important driver of change is customer expectations. Consumer today expect _ products and fast, friendly _ at a reasonable cost
high-quality; service
A(n)_____________________system connects an employee's pay to the quality or quantity of the employee's performance.
incentive
the system that develops spontaneously as employees meet and make cliques is an example of?
informal organization
in the past manager controlled
information and that gave them power
in more progressive organizations today everyone shares
information, often through an elaborate database system and among firms as well as within them
A manufacturer who uses just-in-time inventory management shares information in real time with its supplier. This is an example of transparency between firms using _ technology
internet
what is one of the hardest challenges facing any manager
introducing change is thus one of the hardest challeneges facing any manager
When an organization chart is turned upside down with top management placed at the bottom this is usually known as a(n):
inverted organization
A self-managed team:
is empowered to make decisions without management aprovval
The drawbacks to Weber's principles of organization have been that:
large organizations may develop too many rules following the rules can become an end in itself
what is the key to managerial success
learning to create the right corporate culture and work within the informal organization
Examples of employees considered to be staff personnel would include:
legal advisers information technology workers
examples of employees to be staff personnel include
legal advisers information technology workers
name four departments line organizations do not have
legal department 'accounting department human resources department information technology department
In line- and- staff structures, staff managers provide advice and support to _ departments on specialized matters such as finance, engineering, human resources, and the law
line
Production workers, distribution people, and marketing personnel who are responsible for directly achieving organizational goals are called _ personnel
line
chain of command
line of authority that moves from the top of a hierarchy to the lowest level
In a pizza parlor the chain of command is a general manager, shift manager, and employees. The employees report to the shift manager who reports to the general manager. This exemplifies a:
line organization
The personnel directly responsible for achieving organizational goals are:
line personnel
staff personnel strengthen the
line positions and are like well-paid consultants on the organization's payrol
flat structures can respond readily to customers demands because
lower-level employees have authority and responsibility for making decisions and mangers can be spared some day to day tasks
Line personnel have formal authority to
make policy decisions
the informal organization is an invaluable what
managerial asset that can promote harmony among workers and establish the corporate culture
The primary reason why managers in the latte 1900s began designing organization was so that _
managers could control workers
Authority -
managers have the right to give orders and power to enforce obedience (being modified as managers are beginning to empower employees)
Equity -
managers should treat employees with respect and justice
change
managing ______ has become a critical managerial function because the increasing rate of change affects all organizations.
staff personnel include
marketing research legal advising information technology human resource management
Economies of scale work best in a company that makes large quantities of goods using _ processes
mass production
according to fayol's order principle _____ and _____ should be placed and maintained in the proper location
materials and people
A _ structure, also called a project management structure, sets up teams from different departments, thereby creating two or more intersecting lines of authority
matrix
Four organization designs include: line, line and staff, _, and cross-functional teams
matrix
In a _ organization, project managers are in charge of teams made up of members from several departments
matrix
how does (inverted organization) this change the requirements for front-line personnel
means that front line personnel have to be better educated, better trained and better paid than in the past.
mass production
methods for efficiently producing large quantities of goods
The advantages of centralized authority in organizations include:
more efficiency
The appropriate span of control gradually
narrows at higher levels of the organization
A visit a store where clerks are uniformly glum, indifferent, or test. This is an organization where no one cares about service quality, an example of the _ impact of organizational culture
negative
Because of technology an organization is no longer self-contained. As a result the modern organization chart would show people in different organizations and indicate how they are _
networked
matrix system is important in industries where competition is stiff, and the life cycle of new ideas is short, and where the emphasis is on
new product development, creativity, special projects, rapid communication, and interdepartmental teamwork.
can an organization operate effectively without both types of organiztion
no
The _____________________ Outlook Handbook is published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and provides up-to-date information about the jobs in the U.S. economy.
occupational
Under unity of command, each worker is to report to only _ boss
one
Fayol's _ principle states that materials and people should be placed and maintained in the proper location within an organization
order
Line managers can issue
orders enforce discipline and adjust the organization as conditions change
decentralized authority
organization structure in which decision making authority is delegated to lower level managers more familiar with local conditions than headquarters management could be
flat organization structures
organization structure that has few layers of management and a broad span of control
To understand the formal reporting relationships among people in a company one may consult the company's:
organizational chart
The widely shared values within organization that foster unity and cooperation to achieve common goals is called the:
organizational culture
Today's trend is to expand the span of control because:
organizations save by reducing the number of middle managers the workforce is better educated at all levels
one of the first steps is to -- your business
organize
Regardless of the size of the business, the principles of _ its structure remain the same
organizing
A local furniture company launched a website to boost national sales. However, it could not ship the orders efficiently so its started using FedEx and UPS. This is an example of _
outsourcing
Order -
people and materials should be in the proper location
The human resources activity of ______________________ management involves evaluating how well employees are doing their jobs.
performance
The formal organization details lines of:
position authority responsibility
real time
present moment of the actual time in which something takes place
Real time is the _ moment or the _ time in which something takes place
present;actual
The Fayol principle esprit de corps indicates that a spirit of _ and _ should be created among people in the firm
pride loyalty
A company may choose to departmentalize by _ so employees are able to focus on learning a few critical skills such as cutting leather to make coats
process
A firm that makes tables may have one department that cuts the wood, another department that assembles the wood into tables, and a third department that stains the tables. This firm would departmentalize by _
process
An appliance company may have a refrigerator department, a washing machine department, and a dishwasher department. This company is departmentalizing by _
product
five methods of grouping, or departmentalizing workers are
product function customer group geographic location
A cross-functional team that is working on the development of a new prosthetic device for amputees should include:
product designers amputees who will use it parts suppliers for medical devices
name some departments a company many have
production (mowing) marketing accounting and maintenance.
line personnel include
production workers
matrix organization
project managers are in charge of teams made up of members of several departments
The advancement of an employee to a position with greater responsibility is called a(n)_____________________________
promotion
Recently, companies have been changing the organization structure to focus more on front-line employees like department store clerks, bank tellers, or cashiers. This focus has been implemented in many organization using an inverted _ structure
pyramid
managers accustomed to more traditional forms of organizational structures may have difficulty adapting to
rapid rate of change and virtual organizations
When Target developed its "creative cabinet" its main objective was to gather information from a wide range of customers so that it could:
reach different nationalities reach digital natives adapt to change
what is restructuring
redesigning an organization so that it can more effectively and efficiently serve its customers
to empower employees firms often must
reorganize dramatically to make front line workers their most important people
Unity of command
reporting to only one boss
For a department to operate effectively, the organization must allocate it sufficient _ such as funds and personnel
resources
Fayol's equity states that a manager should treat employees and peers with
respect and justice
The line organization has direct lines of _ that extend from the top managers to employees at the lowest level of the organization
responsibility communication authority
Many organization benefit form expert staff advice on
safety legal issues quality control database management motivation investing
most organizations are no longer
self-sufficient or self-contained
departmentalization
setting up individual department to do specialized tasks
when suppliers and distributors are in other countries cross functional teams may
share market information across national boundaries
The purpose of an organizational chart is to:
show relationships among people show who is accountable for the completion of specific work show who reports to whom
The _ of control is the optimal number of subordinates a manager should supervise
span
If the owner of a lawn-moving company were to take the division of labor a step further and divide the mowing task into mowing, trimming, and raking this would exemplify job _
specialization
name so high growth industries
telecommunications nanotechnology robotics biotechnology aerospace
A(n) ___________________employee is one hired for a specific time or to complete a specific assignment.
temporary
In a virtual corporation the replaceable firms are joined together on a(n) _ basis to create a flexible organization
temporary
One solution to the _ or short-term nature of matrix teams is to establish long-lived teams and empower them to work closely with suppliers, customers, and others
temporary
virtual corporation
temporary networked organization made up of replaceable firms that join and leave as needed
what is an informal organization
that system that develops spontaneously as employees meet and form cliques, relationships, and lines of authority outside the formal organization
a potential problem with the teams created by matrix management is
that the project teams are not permanent. After a problem is solved or a product developed, the team breaks up, so there is little opportunity for cross-functional training.
self managed means
that they are empowered to make decisions without management approval.
in adapting to change employees have a tendency to say
that's the way we've always done things. If it isn't broken, don't fix it
An organizational chart showing what people do within any one organization may not be complete because
the company is actually part of a larger system of firms.
what is departmentalization
the dividing of organizational functions into separate units
the informal organization's nerve center is
the grapevine
what is the benefit of the informal organization
the informal organization is very effective in generating creative solutions to short-term problems and providing a feeling of camaraderie and teamwork among employees.
what is a chain of command
the line of authority that moves from the top of a hierarchy to the lowest level
sometimes the teams are inter firm that is
the members come form two or more companies
The decision about which way to departmentalize depends on
the nature of the product and the customers served.
what is span control
the optimal number of subordinates a manager supervises or should supervise
what is real time
the present moment or the actual time in which something takes place
When employees have to ask their manager for permission to make a change,
the process may take so long that customers become annoyed. This can happen in both large and small organizations. Since customers want efficient, quick service, slow service is not acceptable.
McDonalds believes
the purchasing promotion and other such decisions are best handled centrally.
Managers accustomed to more traditional forms of organizational structures may have difficulty adapting to:
the rapid rate of change in virtual organizations
what is the economic of scale
the situation in which companies can reduce their production costs if they can purchase raw materials in bulk; the average cost of goods goes down as production levels increase
what is a formal organization
the structure that details lines of responsibility, authority, and position; that is, the structure shown on organization charts
what was the title of max webers book
the theory of social and economic organization it appeared int eh US in the late 40's
Companies are coordinating the efforts of traditional departments with
their Internet staff to create easy-to-manage interactions.
virtual corporations
they are made up of replaceable firms or individuals that join the network and leave it as needed.
core competencies
those functions that the organization can do as well as or better than any other organization in the world
what are core competencies
those functions that the organization can do as well as or better than any other organization in the world
with inverted organization the management layers are few and the managers job is
to assist and support front line people not boss them around
McDonald's moved from a centralized authority to a more decentralized authority primarily due to _
today's rapidly changing markets, and global differences in consumer tastes
centralized authority occurs when decision making is done at _______
top levels of management
The chain of command is the line of authority that moves from the _ of a hierarchy to the _ level
top; lowest
The pyramid in this image depicts a(n) _ organization
traditional
Human resources are different from almost every other resource needed by businesses. a. True b. False
true
Managers who involve employees in decision making find that better decisions are made and that employees are more likely to support those decisions. a. True b. False
true
Over the next ten years, nearly all job growth in the United States will occur in service businesses. a.true b.false
true
Technology refers to the use of automated machinery, electronic equipment, and integrated computer systems to help increase the efficiency of work production. a. True b. False
true
The final step in the hiring process is to help the new employee get a good start in the company through an orientation process. a. True b. False
true
The work environment consists of both the physical conditions and the psychological atmosphere in which employees work. a. True b. False
true
A labor ___________________ is an organized group of employees who negotiate with employers about issues, such as wages and working conditions.
union
what is networking
using communications technology and other means to link organizations and allow them to work together on common objectives
A _ corporation uses a networked organization structure in order to be flexible
virtual
The image depicts a(n) _ corporation structure
virtual
outsourcing
when a firm assigns one or more of its functions to an outside organization
A(n) ___________________ collar worker is one whose work is more mental than physical and involves the handling and processing of information.
white
in any organization it's wise to learn quickly
who is important in the informal organization
When a supervisor is responsible for 20 or more workers assembling computers or cleaning movies theaters it is an example of a(n) _ span of control
wide
what is an organizational (or corporate) culture
widely shared values within an organization that provide unity and cooperation to achieve common goals
Fayol's equity principle states that a manager should treat employees and peers:
with respect and justice
Hierarchy of authority -
workers should know to whom they report. (Managers should have the right to give orders and expect others to follow(changed over time empowerment is often more important now))
The ____________________ is made up of all the people age 16 and older who are employed or who are looking for a job.
workforce
Principles proposed by Weber and Fayol that are still useful in today's organizations include:
written rules, decision guidelines, and records staffing and promotion based on qualifications job descriptions
are Companies also training older employees to be more tech savvy
yes
can a organizational culture can also be negative
yes
do networked organization structures tend to be flexible
yes
what are digital natives
young people who have grown up using the internet and social networking
Subordination of individual interests to the general interest -
team work (concept is still very much used)
how is the culture of an organization reflected
The culture of an organization is reflected in stories, traditions, and myths
what is the difference between line and staff personnel
The difference between line and staff personnel is authority. Line personnel have formal authority to make policy decisions. Staff personnel have the authority to advise the line personnel and make suggestions, but they can't make policy changes themselves.
what is a drawback of the formal organization
The drawback of the formal organization is that it is often too slow and bureaucratic to enable an organization to adapt quickly.
what is the drawback of the informal organization
The drawback of the informal organization is that it is often too unstructured and emotional to allow careful, reasoned decision-making on critical matters.
authority responsibility position
The formal organization details lines of:
A drawback of the informal organization is that:
The grapevine can spread inaccurate rumors very quickly
describe the importance of the "grapevine" in the organization
The grapevine is the nerve center of the informal organization. It is the system through which unofficial information flows between employees and managers.
the key to productive culture
The key to a productive culture is mutual trust.
flexible
The key to success is remaining ______________ in changing times.
responsibility authority communication
The line organization has direct lines of _______ that extend from the top manager to employees at the lowest level of the organization.
Dividing tasks into smaller jobs is called:
job specialization
organizing
structuring, begins with determining what work needs to be done (mowing, edging, trimming) and then dividing up the tasks
hierarchy
system in which one person is at the top of the organization and there is a ranked or sequential ordering from the top down or managers who are responsible for that person
