Buying a Computer

HDMI

Connecting to a large monitor or television

USB

Connecting to a peripheral device such as an external DVD drive

Uninstalling an App on an iPhone or iPad

To uninstall an app from your iPhone, simply hold your finger down on any app until it jiggles. Tap the small X on the unwanted app to uninstall the app. If an X does not appear in the upper right corner of the icon, the icon represents a factory-installed app that cannot easily be uninstalled.

Windows Operating System

Windows operating systems are used in a variety of Microsoft digital devices, including desktops, laptops, phones, and tablet computers. Windows is owned by the Microsoft Corporation. Windows 10, the latest version, includes a digital assistant called Cortana. Windows personal computers are by far the most popular in the world, used by most businesses and government agencies. The advantages of a Windows system include the large amount of available software and its price. It is more affordable than other systems because of competition. There are some disadvantages as well. Some consider the macOS easier to use and more intuitive.

Word Processing Programs

Word processing programs are used to create an assortment of documents. W ord processing programs can also be used for desktop publishing; that is, creating documents that are ready for print. Word processing programs can even be used to create basic web pages that are saved using Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). Common word processing programs include Microsoft Word, Apple Pages, and Google Docs.

How to Choose the Amount of Storage Your Computer Needs

A computer's storage capacity refers to the size of the computer's hard drive. Most laptop computers have between 500GB and 1TB hard drives, whereas most tablet computers have hard drive capacities of between 16GB and 256GB. T o keep this in perspective, a standard-definition movie takes about 1GB to 2GB of storage, whereas a high-definition movie takes about 3GB to 5GB. Solid-state hard drives tend to be smaller and more expensive. They are also much faster and require less energy, providing longer battery life. Don't overspend on your computer's storage capacity because you can always store files on the Cloud or on flash drives.

Database Programs

A database is an organized collection of data. Database management software combines structuring data with tools to manage the data. Databases are one of the most significant structural elements of the World Wide Web today. The majority of content-driven websites and web applications use databases. These programs help to create well-organized data that allow data manipulation and provide data analytics. Microsoft and Oracle make some of the most used database programs. Common database terms include the following: • Table: A section of a relational database. • Record: A row in a table. Records contain all related information about an individual, transaction, or account. • Field: A column in a table. Common field types are name, address, account number, e-mail address, phone number, and so on. • Primary key: This key uniquely identifies each record in a database. An example of a primary key would be a student ID number. • Query: A set of criteria used to extract data from a database. Database programs provide the ability to query the database. • Reports: Reports include data that are structured for printing and data interpretation. A cell phone bill is a report from a database. • Forms: These are tools that allow users to enter information into a database

hard drive capacity

amount of available storage, usually measured in gigabytes. Solid States smaller and more expensive. 1. Laptop - 500 GB - 1 TB 2. Tablet - 16-256 GB 3. SD Movie - 1-2 GB 4. HD Movie - 3-5 GB

History of Android

• 2003—Android Inc. was founded in Palo Alto, California. • 2005—Android Inc. was purchased by Google. • 2007—Google released the public beta version of Android 1.0. • 2008—The first Android smartphone was released. • 2016—Google introduced the Pixel smartphone. • 2019—Android version 10 was released, ending the tradition of naming versions after desserts. Google started to use official code names in 2009 when it released Cupcake. When Google released Android 4.4 KitKat, it offered a statement on the code names saying "Since these devices make our lives so sweet, each Android version is named after a dessert."

Installing Programs in Windows 10

. The first way is to download a program from the Internet. Just use your browser to find the program that you want to download. For example, you could use Microsoft Edge to navigate to the Mozilla Firefox page. Once you have found the program you want, click Download. Once the program is downloaded, click Open or Run to install the program. The second way to install a program is to purchase a compact disc (CD) or digital versatile disc (DVD) with the program. Then insert the disc into your computer's disc drive and follow the instructions. You can also load Windows 10 using a universal serial bus (USB) stick to create a bootable USB drive.

RAM needed

1. More multitasking = more memory required 2. Laptops and desktops = 4 - 16 GB RAM 3. Smartphones = 1 - 4 GB RAM

128 GB to 1 TB

A new laptop computer typically comes with ___ of storage

Software Licenses

A software license is a legal document that governs the use or redistribution of software. In the United States under copyright law all registered software is copyright protected, in both source code and object code forms (except open-source public domain software). Typical software licenses grant the licensee (or end-user) the right to use one or more copies of the software. Here are some of the more common software licenses: • End-user license agreement (EULA): A legal contract between the software manufacturer and the user of an application. EULA explains how the software can and cannot be used and any restrictions on use imposed by the application developer. • Single-user license: A single-user license restricts the use of the software to one user at a time. If you purchase software for personal use, it is probably a single-user license. • Network license: Network licenses give anyone on a network the right to use the software. Network software is not installed on each individual device. Network licenses are common in colleges and businesses. • Site license: Site licenses are different from network licenses because the software is installed on the device of qualified users who request the software inside an organization. Site licenses typically have time limits and must be renewed on a regular basis.

What Is a Touchscreen?

A touchscreen is a type of display screen that is sensitive to the touch of a finger or stylus. T ouchscreens are used for a variety of applications, such as automated teller machines (ATMs), global positioning systems (GPSs), and point-of-sale terminals. T Touchscreens are included in a variety of devices, including phones, tablets, and laptops. Touchscreens come in a few different categories. One of the most popular categories of touchscreens for laptops, tablets, and phones is the projective capacitive (Pro-Cap) or touch-sensitive screen. Pro-Cap screens use a grid sandwiched between two glass panels. Voltage is applied to the corners of the screen, and when a finger touches the screen, it draws a tiny amount of current. The controller computes the X-Y location from the change in capacitance at the touch points

Optical Drives

An optical drive is a type of computer drive that writes and reads data using lasers. Optical drives work by rotating an inserted disc. The rotating disc is then read with a laser beam within the optical drive's read/write head. The speed of an optical drive is measured in revolutions per minute (RPM). The type of disc that is inserted into the optical drive (DVD, Blu-ray, CD) is referred to as the optical media.

Computer Applications (Apps)

App is short for computer application. Apps are basically the same thing as a computer program. Computer programs are a set of instructions designed to execute specific tasks. Apps run on phones, computers, or on the Internet. It is reported that 57 percent of Americans spend more than half of their digital media consumption time on mobile apps. The most downloaded and used mobile apps of 2019 include WhatsApp, Facebook, Instagram, and Uber.

The macOS

Apple and Macintosh operating systems (OS) are designed and distributed by Apple, Inc., and have a reputation of being very easy to use. Apple OS are found in a variety of digital devices, including iPhones, iPads, and laptops. Macintosh computers are the industry standard for photo editing, film and movie development, graphic design, and so on. Hollywood loves Apple products! Apple has always emphasized style in its products, and they are considered easy to use. However, because many games are Windows based, they are not ideal for gamers. Advantages and disadvantages are as follows: Advantages • Relatively few viruses • Outstanding graphics capabilities • Attractive design Disadvantages • Not as widely used as personal computers (PCs) • Generally cost more than comparable PCs • Can use only Apple proprietary or licensed software

The iOS

Apple's iPhone operating system (OS), the iOS, is a hugely popular OS for smartphones in the United States. The iOS is developed by Apple for use on Apple mobile devices only, specifically, the iPhone and the iPad. It has a reputation of being intuitive and easy to use. This has led to the great popularity enjoyed by the iPhone in the United States. The iOS includes many Apple apps, including FaceTime, Safari, and Siri. All the third-party apps created for iPhones and iPads must be reviewed and approved by Apple before they are available to download in the iPhone App Store. This approval process ensures a smooth interface with the iOS.

Applets

Applets (little applications) are small application programs that are often utility programs performing less complex operational functions. Applets support a larger application program and are commonly used to execute tasks in the Control Panel of Microsoft Windows.

Uninstalling an App on an Android Phone

Depending on your device, there may be several ways to uninstall apps. This method works with nearly all Droids: • Home screen—click Settings • Click Application Manager • Click Manage applications • Click All • Select the unwanted app • Click Uninstall

System Memory (RAM)

Desktop computers usually come with at least 8-16 GB of ___ . One nice thing about a desktop is that most allow this to be easily expanded to up to 32 to 64 GB.

Computer Platform

Every computer must have operating system (OS) software, commonly referred to as the platform. The OS controls the functions of a computer and determines which applications can be used on a device. Windows, iOS, Android, and Linux are all OSs.

Deciding to Purchase a Computer with an Optical Drive

If you like to watch digital video discs (DVDs) or Blu-rays on your laptop, or if you want to store files on DVDs, you may wish to choose a laptop that comes with an optical drive. Most laptops with solid-state hard drives do not have optical drives. This allows the laptop to be less bulky. If your laptop or other computer does not come with an optical drive, you can purchase an external DVD or Blu-ray drive and connect it to your device through a USB port.

History of the macOS

In 2001, Apple released the first version of its Mac operating system (OS) known as OS X "Cheetah." This was based on UNIX architecture. • Until 2012, each of the OS was named after a fast and agile cat. In 2013, Apple released OS X 10.9 "Mavericks." Mavericks is a well-known surfing spot in Northern California. The trend of naming the OS releases after well-known locations in California continues today, with the newest version named after Catalina Island.

Laptop Lifespan

In general, you can plan to use your laptop for approximately 3-5 years. After that you will probably need to upgrade to a newer version that can handle the new software being released.

The Snipping Tool

The Snipping Tool can be used to capture a screen shot, or snip, of any object on your screen. Once you have captured the image, you can annotate, save, or share the image. To access the Snipping Tool in Windows 10: 1. Click the Cortana or Search button. 2. Type "Snipping Tool." 3. Select the Snipping Tool Desktop app. 4. Click New to start capturing an image

Installing an App on an iPhone or iPad

Installing a new app on an iPhone or iPad is very simple. First, swipe left or right until you see the App Store icon. Click on the icon to open the App Store. Click on the Search feature, located on the bottom of the screen with a magnifying glass icon. In the search window type the desired program. When the desired program icon appears, click the icon and follow the instructions to install the app.

Installing an App on a Droid or Android Tablet

Installing a new app onto a Droid phone or Android Tablet is a snap. First, tap the Apps icon located on the bottom right of the home screen. Swipe right or left until you see the Play Store icon, and then tap on the icon. When the Play Store app opens you may have to enter your Google sign-in information. Search for the desired app. When you find the app, just follow the instructions to install the app.

Installing Software

Installing involves preparing a digital device for use. It refers to putting software on a digital device or adding hardware components and drivers to a digital device. Installing software and hardware allows you to maximize your computer's productivity. You may need to install a variety of software on a new device to maximize its use.

Installing Programs on a Computer with macOS

Installing programs or apps on a Macintosh computer is a snap. The first method is to download a program from the Internet. Use your browser to search for the download site of the program's manufacturer. Select the desired program to download and follow the instructions. For example, use Safari to find the Mozilla Firefox homepage and select Download Firefox. The second method is to install the program using a compact disc (CD) or digital versatile disc (DVD). Simply insert the disc and follow the installing instructions

How Much RAM Will You Need?

It is important to determine how much random access memory (RAM) you need to install in your new computer. The more you multitask (for example, using Instagram, working in Microsoft Excel, streaming music, and running different programs all at the same time), the more RAM you will need. Most computers today range from 4GB to 16GB of RAM, The more RAM a computer has, the higher the price of the computer. One way to save money is to purchase a computer that has an expandable memory and then to add RAM as needed.

What Screen Size Do You Need?

It is important to determine what screen size best suits your need. When choosing the screen size for your needs, it may be helpful to visit a local computer retailer and use your eyes to help you decide. If you plan on doing a lot of multitasking or watching videos, a larger display may be your best bet.

Uninstalling Programs in Windows 10

It is important to properly uninstall unwanted software programs. Open Programs and Features by clicking the Start button, clicking Control Panel, Settings, and then Apps. Select a program and then click Uninstall. Some programs include the option to change or repair the program in addition to uninstalling it, but many offer only the option to uninstall. To remove an app you got from Microsoft Store, find it on the Start menu, press and hold (or right-click) on the app, and then select Uninstall

Microsoft Paint 3D

Microsoft Paint 3D allows you to create shapes and lines, and it contains a variety of tools to edit images and create artwork. It is available for download from the Microsoft Store. Here are the steps to open Microsoft Paint 3D once you have downloaded it: 1. Click the Cortana button or the Search box button. 2. In the Search box type "Paint 3D" and double-click the Paint 3D Desktop app. 3. Create or edit an image. 4. Click the File button and then click Save As. Save the image using one of the indicated file formats.

OS a College Student Should Choose

Mac OS—A good idea if you go into: • Graphic design • Photo or video production • Publishing Windows OS—A good idea if you go into: • Business • Science or engineering • Education or government work The Linux OS—A good idea if you go into: • Computer science • Software design

History of the Windows Operating System

Microsoft chose the name "Windows" due to the computing boxes, or "windows" that represented one of the main elements of the OS. • 1985—Microsoft Windows 1.0 was released. Windows 1.0 allowed users to point and click to interact with the software. • 2001—Windows XP was released. This was the first Microsoft OS that focused on mobile compatibility. Windows XP is one of Microsoft's best-selling products. • 2012—Windows 8 was released. It was developed to create an interface that was compatible with touchscreens. • 2015—Windows 10 was released. It introduced Cortana and Edge. It now has nearly 1 billion users.

Presentation Programs

Presentation programs help to create visual aids that can be projected on a screen or displayed on a digital display. When crafting a presentation, it is important to keep the presentation simple. For a presentation, you should use at least 24-point font so your audience can see the text. Your presentation should avoid the use of full sentences. Each slide should provide a summary of your main points. Common presentation software terms include the following: • Slide: A single page in a presentation program. • Slide master: This stores information about the theme and slide layouts of a presentation, including the background, color, fonts, effects, placeholder sizes, and positioning. Every presentation contains at least one slide master. • Slide show: A collection of pages arranged in sequence that contain text and images. • Speaker notes: Notes can be added to a presentation to assist with you with what you are going to say while you are presenting.

Key System Programs

Prior to uninstalling software, it's important to identify those programs that the computer needs to run correctly. These programs include the computer's operating system (OS) software and the drivers that run your computer's hardware. Use caution when uninstalling software that has been published by your computer's manufacturer or software that has been published by the manufacturer of the computer's OS.

Productivity Software

Productivity software is a specific type of application designed to allow users to work more efficiently. Traditional productivity applications (apps) include Microsoft Office and other business apps. Productivity apps are broken into two categories: productivity apps for individuals and productivity apps for businesses. If there is a specific task to be done, there is more than likely a productivity app you can use that will help you to accomplish the task more efficiently

MicroSD

Reading a photo memory card

Screen Resolution

Screen resolution tells you how many pixels your screen can display horizontally and vertically. This determines the sharpness and clarity of an image. A pixel is the smallest element in an electronic image. The more pixels, the higher the resolution, which results in a sharper and clearer image.

Spreadsheet Programs

Spreadsheet programs are used to format spreadsheets and display numbers and text in cells. Widely used by organizations, they perform calculations and structure data. Common spreadsheet terms include the following: • Worksheet: A single page within a workbook • Workbook: A collection of related worksheets • Cell reference: This identifies the location of a cell in a worksheet • Formula: A mathematical operation used to perform calculations • Function: A built-in formula included in the spreadsheet program

System Software

System software provides the structure and control necessary to run the computer and its peripheral devices. There are two major components of system software. These are the operating system and utility software. The operating system is the most important software on your computer. It provides the instructions necessary to run the central processing unit. Utility software includes programs that provide maintenance support for a digital device. Utility software also provides users with the ability to analyze and optimize their digital devices.

Android Operating System

The Android operating system (OS) is a Google product based on the Linux OS. The world's most popular OS for mobile devices, nearly all phones and tablets (except Apple products) use it. In fact, it is the most popular smartphone OS outside the United States. In the United States, the smartphone market is nearly evenly split between those who use the iOS (iPhones) and those who use the Android OS. The Android OS is also used in Chromebook computers. The Android 10 OS was released in September 2019. This ended the Android tradition of naming each edition of its OS after a candy or dessert. Because it is designed by Google, the Android OS works well with Gmail and other Google products. Advantages • Integrated with Gmail and other Google products. • Phone apps are easily obtained and often free. Disadvantages • Considered less user-friendly than the Apple iPhone OS. • "Free" apps include frequent advertising

Control Panel and System Preferences

The Control Panel is the system management tool in the Windows operating system (OS). System Preferences is the system management tool in the Macintosh OS. System management tools allow you to change computer settings, manage tasks, install and uninstall programs, and many other options.

The Finder and Launchpad

The Finder is the first thing that you see when a Mac computer finishes starting up. It is called the Finder because it helps you find and organize your files. It opens automatically and stays open when other apps are used. It uses windows and icons to show you the contents of the computer, associated iCloud Drive accounts, and other storage devices. The Launchpad on a Mac is a central location where you can see and open apps that are on a Mac computer.

Linux Operating System

The Linux operating system (OS) is free, open-source software that anyone can use and modify. Most servers, mainframes, and supercomputers use the Linux OS. It also runs most video game consoles and embedded computers, and is the underlying software for the Android OS. Open-source software, such as the Linux OS, is software that is available for use free of charge and can be modified from its original design. Despite its popularity among computer manufacturers, only a small percentage of personal computers use the Linux OS. Advantages and disadvantages are shown below: Advantages • Free to download and use • Less susceptible to viruses • Modifiable by users Disadvantages • Steep learning curve • Compatibility issues with some programs

Uninstalling Programs on a Computer with macOS

Uninstalling a program or app from a Macintosh is very easy. Basically, there are two ways. The first way is to go to the Launchpad and select and hold the program icon. A small X will appear in the corner of the icon. Click on the X to uninstall the program. The second way to uninstall a program is to go to the Launchpad and drag the program icon to the trash. Once the program is in the trash, click on Finder and then empty the trash.

Uninstalling Software

Uninstalling means removing software from a computer. Manufacturers often install a significant amount of software on computers. You may want to uninstall some of this software if you do not need it. Removing unwanted software frees up hard drive space.

Network Operating Systems

Unlike operating systems, such as Microsoft Windows, that are designed for single users to control one computer, network operating systems (NOS) coordinate the activities of multiple computers across a network. Businesses use NOS to administer and run their networks. In addition to relying on NOS to administer and run their networks, businesses use them to share software programs, printers, databases, and workstations on a local area network (LAN). Advantages and disadvantages of NOS are shown below. Advantages • Enables resource sharing • Makes networks run smoothly Disadvantages • Expensive to run and maintain • Requires expertise to administer

Utility Programs

Utility programs perform a specific maintenance-type task on a computer and are included with both Windows and macOS. Maintenance-type tasks performed by utility programs include disk cleanup, file maintenance, file search, and system backup and restore

Other Considerations When Purchasing a Computer

What is the advertised battery life of the device? • How many USB ports does it have? • Does it have high-definition multimedia interface (HDMI) ports? HDMI ports can be handy when you wish to display a presentation on a television. • Does it have an SD card slot? Secure digital (SD) card slots are great for those who use digital cameras.

Laptop

When purchasing a new computer for college, the type of computer most students choose is ___ .

Smartphone RAM

smartphones come with between 2 and 6 GB

Popular Platforms

• Windows operating system (OS) is the most common for personal computers. Microsoft Windows has 69.81 percent. • Mac OS is used on Apple computers. macOS has 19.95 percent. • Android OS is the most common smartphone OS worldwide. Chrome OS has 6.58 percent. • iOS is the OS used on iPhones. iPhones are the most common smartphone in the United States. - Linux OS has 1.32 percent.