bystander effect
pro social behaviour
any behaviour intended to help or benefit another person, group or society
social norms
are standards, or 'rules', that govern what people should or should not do in different social situations
empathy
is the ability to identify with and understand another person's feelings or difficulties
mood
emotional state
Personal factors
empathy mood competence
Cost benefit analysis
in relation to helping, weighing up the personal and social costs of helping (e.g. effort) against the benefits of helping (e.g. gratitude)
anti social behaviour
ncidents of nuisance and disorder that affects people's lives
Audience inhibition
not helping another person because of a fear of appearing foolish in the presence of others
Situational factors
noticing the situation interpreting the situation taking responsibility for helping
Notice
observe, become aware
competence
our actual or perceived ability to help can influence whether or not we help in a specific situation, as well as the type of help we may offer.
reciprocity norm
prescribes that we should help others who help us
social responsibility norm
prescribes that we should help those who need help because it is our responsibility or duty to do so
alturism
pro-social behaviour focused on the wellbeing or benefit of others without any thought to personal gain or reward
Diffusion of responsibility
the belief that, in a situation where help is required and others are present, responsibility is spread across the whole group, leading each individual to feel less responsible for helping than when alone because they assume that someone else will take on the responsibility of helping
bystander effect
the tendency for individuals to be less likely to help another person in need when other bystanders are present, or believed to be present, as compared to when they are alone, and, the greater the number of bystanders, the less likely any one of them is to help
interpret
understand the situation