bystander effect

pro social behaviour

any behaviour intended to help or benefit another person, group or society

social norms

are standards, or 'rules', that govern what people should or should not do in different social situations

empathy

is the ability to identify with and understand another person's feelings or difficulties

mood

emotional state

Personal factors

empathy mood competence

Cost benefit analysis

in relation to helping, weighing up the personal and social costs of helping (e.g. effort) against the benefits of helping (e.g. gratitude)

anti social behaviour

ncidents of nuisance and disorder that affects people's lives

Audience inhibition

not helping another person because of a fear of appearing foolish in the presence of others

Situational factors

noticing the situation interpreting the situation taking responsibility for helping

Notice

observe, become aware

competence

our actual or perceived ability to help can influence whether or not we help in a specific situation, as well as the type of help we may offer.

reciprocity norm

prescribes that we should help others who help us

social responsibility norm

prescribes that we should help those who need help because it is our responsibility or duty to do so

alturism

pro-social behaviour focused on the wellbeing or benefit of others without any thought to personal gain or reward

Diffusion of responsibility

the belief that, in a situation where help is required and others are present, responsibility is spread across the whole group, leading each individual to feel less responsible for helping than when alone because they assume that someone else will take on the responsibility of helping

bystander effect

the tendency for individuals to be less likely to help another person in need when other bystanders are present, or believed to be present, as compared to when they are alone, and, the greater the number of bystanders, the less likely any one of them is to help

interpret

understand the situation