cads 4800 Final Exam
3 Variables in country infrastructure in sourcing
1. Availability of quality raw materials 2. Availability & reliability of electric power and material suppliers/shippers 3. Roads & transportation
6 Self-support structure variable in sourcing
1. Computer and telephone links 2. Courier service 3. Legal Consultants 4. Custom brokers 5. Banking specialists 6. Oversight
6 Examples of apparel engineering
1. Flare leg slacks and patch pockets 2. Alteration allowances in seams 3. Seam shifting to 1/4" 4. Pattern curves 5. Generous Hems 6. Make one pattern piece into two pieces
6 Examples of injuries
1. Fractures 2. falls 3. burns 4. sprains 5. lacerations 6. foreign objects to the eye
6 Examples of illnesses
1. Hearing loss 2. back injuries 3. bursitis 4. tendinitis 5. respiratory problems 6. carpal tunnel syndrome
6 factors influencing material utilization
1. Pattern accuracy 2. Marker waste 3. Marker planning 4. Spreading waste 5. Damaged materials 6. Remnants
8 elements to a typical spread loss
1. Remnants 2. Edging 3. Lean 4. Width utilization 5. Gaps 6. Ends 7. splices 8. Flaws
4 ASTMS Designation for stitches and Seams
1. Stitch class 2. Stitch type 3. Seam class 4. Seam type (number of independent rows of stitched)
4 recreational CTDs
1. Tennis elbow 2. Golfers elbow 3. Bowler's thumb 4. Xbox neck
5 Reasons we are seeing more CTDs
1. There are more females in the workplace and they are more likely than men to develop a CTD 2. Jobs are highly refined to the point there is more repetition 3. changing lifestyles- the population is not as physically fit 4. awareness due to media publicity and education
What are 4 factor in the work environment that must be controlled?
1. Vibration 2. lighting & glare 3. Ventilation 4. temperature control
9 Actions to reduce fabric waste
1. communicate with employees 2. computerized marker making system 3. tilt when possible 4. Plan makers carefully with best size ratios 5. use first quality fabrics 6. Calculate purchase order carefully 7. order 8. Engineer patterns 9. Careful spreading procedures (align edges)
4 Factors to make or buy in sourcing
1. cost 2. quality 2. production capacity 4. timing
4 early symptoms of MSDs
1. pain & swelling 2. numbness/tingling 3. loss of strength 4. reduced range of motion
6 Common CTDs
1. tendinitis 2. Tenosynovitis 3. De Queryain's Disease 4. Trigger finger 5. Raynaud's syndrome (white finger) 6. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Purpose of SEAMS
1. work for the preservation of the sew products industry 2. through educational programs that will improve the quality and productivity of the sewn products industry collectively. 3. They want to keep their members informed about legislation in DC. 4. offerings of benefits packages that help control overhead expenses
What percent of total private industry for women?
33%
Women are ___-___ times more likely to develop CTD than males
4-6
What percent of repetitive motion injuries in women?
61%
What percent of tendinitis/CTS in women?
65%
Arm on desk is behind mid line reach
?
Back in a forward leaning position
?
extended reach
?
knee angle
?
neck titling forward
?
raised elbows
?
wrist flexion
?
AAPN
American Apparel Producers Network
ATMI
American Textile Manufacturers
What type of injury is the most common ailment among injuries and illnesses in the US?
Back Injuries
Make to stock
Basic goods
what are some other improvements that can be done ergonomically to the factory floor?
Best practice, thats the most efficient way to do things
CTS
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Production sourcing assessment points
Contractor evaluation form/watch for inconsistencies. Operator training, methods analysis of each operation and equipment evaluation are critical to making quality sourcing decision.
CTD
Cumulative Trauma Disorders
DAMA
Demand Activated Manufacturing Architecture
Illness
Develop over time. They are cumulative in nature and may not materialize for months
Make to order
Fashion goods
How does Shared production sourcing work?
Garments are designed, developed, and cut in the U.S. Then the cut parts are assembled in a foreign country. Assembled garments are then imported back with tariff assessed only on added value.
Injury
Incidents that can be attributed to a specific incident at one point in time -- instantaneous
What is the difference between illness and injury?
Injuries occur at one point in time while illnesses develop overtime.
ITAA
International Textile and Apparel Association
MSD
Musculoskeletal disorder
________________ disorder affects 7% of the population.
Musculoskeletal disorder
_________________ disorders are the leading cause of work related disabilities and the most prevalent medical condition in the US.
Musculoskeletal disorder
NCC
National Cotton Council
OSHA
Occupational Safety and Health Act
Purpose of American Apparel Producers
Organized industrially worldwide to produce apparel for the US market from many countries & continents. Headquartered in Atlanta, GA.
What is OSHA required to do?
Post certain material such as safety posters, summaries of petitions, OSHA violation and log of injuries/illnesses at a prominent location in the workplace.
Purpose of material utilization
Provide greater profit through lower material cost and reduce waste
Purchase order formula
Quantity x unit price per yard = total
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Results when the median nerve is compressed and tendons become inflamed from overuse or unnatural positions causing the tendons to be scraped against the inside of the carpal tunnel in the wrist.
How does Full-package Program sourcing work?
Sourcing firm only develops styles & specs huge financial responsibility/limited tech knowledge, investment and commitment
What are some adjustable items for the workplace?
Table top/seat height
Purpose of purchase order
Tells needed quantity of fabric by fabric style and color for an order
AAFA
The American Apparel & Footwear Association
Ergonomics
The study of human characteristics for the design of the work environment.
Production Capacity Required
Total need for output of materials, product parts, or finished goods. (specified time period and expected quality)
Production Capacity Demonstrated
Volume of output that a plant or machine is capable of producing. (number and type of machines, labor house, and productivity determine volume of output).
Apparel Engineering
When pattern pieces are changed to accommodate marker requirements
WRAP
Worldwide Responsible Apparel Production
Purpose of International Textile and Apparel Association
aims to advance excellence in scholarship and education in the textiles, apparel and merchandising field.
Cut Order Planning
an optimization process that minimizes total cost of marker making, spreading, cutting and bundling of available orders
Purpose of cut order planning
determines how many markers one needed, how many each size should be in each marker and the number of ply that will be cut with each marker
Who is ergonomics mostly used by?
industrial engineers who design work stations that promote production efficiency.
What does "Nomos" mean?
laws of
Cumulative Trauma Disorders
over time as a result of repeated stress on a particular body part.
How does Cut-make-Trim sourcing work?
the manufacturer supplies patterns & materials and ships them to a contractor. The contractor cuts materials & provides sewing operators.
Purpose of OSHA
to assure so far as possible every man and woman in the nation to safe and healthful working conditions and to preserve our human resources.
Purpose of National Cotton Council
to ensure the ability of all U.S. Cotton industry segments to compete effectively and profitably in the raw cotton, oilseed and U.S.-manufactured product markets at home and abroad.
Purpose of WRAP
to independently monitor and certify compliance with these socially responsible global standards for manufacturing and ensure that sewn products are produced under lawful, humane and ethical conditions.
Purpose of The American Apparel & Footwear Association
to promote and enhance its members' competitiveness, productivity and profitability in the global market by minimizing regulatory, legal, commercial, political and trade restraints.
Purpose of The Textile Institute
to promote professionalism in all areas associated with the textile industries worldwide.
Purpose of American Textile Manufacturers
to provide its member companies with an organization to deal with problem and programs on an industry-wide national basis.
Purpose of Demand Activated Manufacturing Architecture
to shrink the supply chain which links the U.S. fiber, textile, sewn products, and reatil industries.
What does "ergos" mean?
work