cahpters 53,54,55 pharm

A client is using an inhaled bronchodilator as treatment for exercise-induced asthma. The nurse would instruct the client to use the inhaler at which time?

15 mins before exercise

Which neurological patient is most likely to have abnormalities in breathing regulation?

A 34-year-old male with damage to his pons and medulla oblongata following a blow to the back of the head

Mr. Ashum is prescribed an albuterol inhaler as part of his treatment regimen for asthma. What is the mechanism of action for this medication?

Albuterol causes relaxation of the bronchial smooth muscles.

The client has been diagnosed with asthma and is being treated with two inhalers, albuterol and flunisolide. The nurse teaches the client that the two medications should be administered in what order?

Albuterol first, wait five minutes and then follow with flunisolide

Acetylcysteine may be used as a mucolytic agent. What is an additional indication for the drug?

Antidote for acetaminophen poisoning Explanation: Oral acetylcysteine is widely used in the treatment of acetaminophen overdosage.

A nurse is caring for a patient who has been prescribed a nasal decongestant. Which of the following factors should the nurse assess before administering the drug?

Blood pressure

The nurse caring for a premature newborn receiving surfactin therapy should monitor for what adverse effects? Select all that apply.

Correct response: Pneumothorax Patent ductus arteriosus bradycardia

The nurse assists and educates clients about the structure and function of the respiratory system. The nurse is reviewing the process of internal respiration and external respiration. What is the best explanation by the nurse to the client about internal respiration?

Exchange of oxygen for carbon dioxide within the cells

Which agent would the nurse instruct a client to use orally?

Pseudoephedrine Explanation: Pseudoephedrine is the only oral decongestant. Phenylephrine, tetrahydrozoline, and xylometazoline are topical decongestants.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) involves the exocrine glands of which body systems? (Select all that apply.)

Respiratory Gastrointestinal Reproductive

A gerontological nurse has encouraged a group of caregivers who work with older adults to avoid administering first-generation H1 receptor antagonists to their clients. The nurse's cautionary message is an acknowledgment of what possible nursing diagnosis?

Risk for falls related to sedation Explanation: First-generation antihistamines cause drowsiness and impaired cognition that can result in falls. These drugs doare not known to cause diuresis, impaired skin integrity, or infection.

An instructor is teaching a class about the disorders that may affect the movement of gases into and out of the lungs. The instructor determines the need for additional teaching when the students identify which condition as being involved?

Sinusitis

A client diagnosed with asthma has been prescribed a leukotriene receptor antagonist. What information should the nurse include when discussion medication instructions with this client?

The medication should be taken on an empty stomach. Explanation: Administer drug on an empty stomach, 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals; the bioavailability of these drugs is decreased markedly by the presence of food. None of the other options present accurate information regarding the administration of this class of medications.

A client, scheduled to receive one unit of packed red blood cells, has a history of an allergic reaction to a transfusion in the past. What class of medication will assist in preventing a reaction to the packed red blood cell transfusion?

antihistamines

What is the most common first-line therapy for relief of an acute asthma attack?

beta2-adrenergic agonist Explanation: A client experiencing an acute asthma attack should be administered a beta2-adrenergic agonist. The client can receive an inhaled steroid, but it is not the first-line therapy. Leukotriene modifiers are used for maintenance in asthma, not during acute exacerbation. Xanthines are not the drug of choice in acute asthma attack.

Decongestants should be used cautiously in clients with which conditions? (Select all that apply

diabetes and glaucoma

Second generation antihistamines are associated with a higher risk of sedation than first generation antihistamines.

false

A client experiences bronchospasm with asthma. The nurse understands that this is due to:

histamine

A patient has an increased respiratory rate. Which causes an increased respiratory rate?

increased CO2

A client is prescribed salmeterol. The nurse would expect this drug to be administered by which route?

inhalation

A client with COPD takes theophylline. The nurse identifies that the client is still experiencing severe dyspnea. Upon review of labs, the theophylline level remains nontherapeutic. The nurse evaluates the client for which of the following drugs that may cause decreased theophylline levels?

nicotine

A client prescribed albuterol should be educated on identifying and managing which adverse reaction?

tachy

The alveolar cells that synthesize pulmonary surfactant are the:

type 2

Which cells are responsible for producing surfactant?

type 2 cells

Which cranial nerve is responsible for stimulating the diaphragm to contract and relax?

vagus