Canine Theriogenology: Normal Bitch and Conception
lH surge
a serum progesterone of 2 ng/mL is associated with what?
ovulation
a serum progesterone of 4-10 ng/mL is associated with what?
estrus
anuclear cells are associated with what phase of the estrous cycle?
persistent cornified cells
anything that causes persistent estrogen levels will cause what finding on vaginal cytology?
prolactin
as progesterone decreases what hormone will increases in the bitch?
3-21 days
based on estrus behavior, how long is estrus in the bitch?
estrus
based on these imaging findings from a vaginal cytology the patient is most likely where in their cycle?
estrus
based on this image of the vagina what part of the cycle is this bitch in?
diestrus or anestrus
based on this vaginoscopy image in a bitch what part of the cycle is this patient in?
57
based on vaginal cytology, diestrus changes are seen ______________ after impregnation.
non seasonal spontaneous
canines are ______________ and _________________ ovulators.
serum progesterone
diestrus in the bitch is based on the measurement of what?
the period in which the bitch allows coitus
estrus in the bitch is defined by what?
48-72 hours
how long must the primary oocytes remain in the oviduct to become secondary?
9 days
how long will fresh seman last for in a bitch?
breed every other day from the onset of estrus behavior until cytological diestrus
if the progesterone in the bitch is unknown then what is the best breeding protocol?
reduced less
in estrus the vulva is _______________ in size and ____________ turgid than in proestrus.
primary
in the bitch the ovulated oocytes are ______________________.
vaginal cytology drop in cornified epithelium
in the bitch what is the best way to determine the onset of diestrus?
during cytological estrus
in the bitch when does metoestrus occur?
false
in the dog a complete erection is present at intermission. true or false?
48 hours
ovulation in the bitch will occur _______________ after the LH peak.
false
primary oocytes are capable of fertilization. true or false?
estrogen
proestrus in the bitch is dependant on what hormone?
earlier
small breeds will reach sexual maturation _________ than larger breeds.
false
the CL is only maintained in pregnant bitches. true or false?
> 6 days
the canine sperm has a fertilizing capacity of ________________ post ejaculation.
sudden decrease in cornified epithelial cells
the first day of diestrus is seen as what on vaginal cytology?
8-9 days
the first day of diestrus will be seen _____________ post the LH surge in the bitch.
anestrus
the image on the left is most likely correlated with what part of the estrous cycle?
progesterone
there is a rapid drop in __________________ 24-36 hours prior to whelping.
parabasal cells
these cells were seen on a vaginal cytology. what type of cells are theses?
intermediate cells
these cells were seen on a vaginal cytology. what types of cells are these?
resists mounting attempts decrease vaginal thickening and folds mammary enlargement and lactation
what are the clinical signs of the onset of diestrus?
90 % cornified epithelial cells > 50% anucleated squamous cells no WBCs bacteria
what are the defining vaginal cytology features of estrus?
vaginal epithelial hyperplasia rejection of mounting attempts serosanguinous discharge
what are the signs of proestrus in the bitch?
surgical transcervical
what are the techniques for placment of frozen seman in the bitch?
parabasal cells small/intermediate epithelial cells
what are the two types of non-cornified epithelial cells of the vagina?
superficial intermediate cells nucleated cells anuclear cells
what are the vaginal cytologic signs associated with mid to late proestrus>
non-degenerated PMN non-cornified epithelial cells
what are the vaginal cytology findings associated with anestrus in the bitch?
parabasal cells
what are the vaginal cytology findings associated with anestrus?
vulva edema and yellow discharge
what is an observable indicator of an LH surge in the bitch?
10-12 months
what is the average time to sexual maturation in dogs?
> 4 months
what is the ideal length of anestrus in the bitch?
5-12 months
what is the interestrus interval in dogs?
9 dyas
what is the length of estrus associated with the endocrine and cytologic changes in the bitch?
4 months
what is the minimum interestrus period in dogs?
progesterone measurement
what is used in conjunction with vaginal cytology to determine the transition from proestrus to estrus
estradiol
what stimulates the LH surge in the bitch?
bulbus glandis
what structure in the male is responsible for maintaining the tie in dogs?
vaginal septum
what structure is seen on this vaginoscopy image in a bitch?
prolactin and LH
what two hormones are luteotrophic in the bitch?
RBC's parabasal cells small intermediate cells
what types of cells are seen on a vaginal cytology associated with early proestrus?
increased superficial cells cornified epithelial cells
what types of cells are seen on a vaginal cytology associated with later proestrus and early estrus?
57 days
whelping in the bitch will occur ________ from the onset of diestrus.
onset of proestrus
when is the first cytologic exam of the bitch?
4 days before diestrus (3-10)
when is the ideal time to breed the bitch?
intrauterine
when using frozen seman in the bitch the seman should be depositied where?
right
which image shows vaginal epithelium from a dog in estrus?
far right
which vaginal cytology image is associated with estrus?
day 62-63
with pregnancy in the bitch the progesterone will be elevated until when?
