Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids

What is meant by the term hydrophobic?

'Water-fearing' molecules that try to get away from the water.

What is meant by the term hydrophillic?

'Water-loving' molecules that try to stay in the water.

Most sugars end in what letters?

-ose

List 3 ways that living creatures use carbohydrates.

1) boosts energy 2) structure 3) energy storage

Give 3 examples of carbohydrates in living organisms.

1) cellulose 2) starch 3) chitin

List the names of 3 sugars.

1) glucose 2) fructose 3) sucrose

How many different amino acids are there?

20

Amino acids are divided up into 2 basic groups. What are they?

9 essential and 11 non-essential

Why do carnivores have to eat meat?

Because they cannot digest the plants.

If cellulose is so hard to digest, then how are herbivores (like cows) able to get enough nutrition out of just eating leaves and grass?

Because they have special bacteria that lives in their 4 stomachs, which helps them to digest it.

What is the molecular formula of glucose or a fructose?

C6H12O6

If you need a quick shot of energy in the next hour, what should you eat?

Monosaccharides because they will give you sugars simple to digest quickly.

Are lipids smaller chains of smaller molecules like carbohydrates?

No, they are just one big fat molecule.

Can we digest cellulose?

No.

What is the difference between essential and non-essential amino acids?

Non-essential can be made by the human body while essential must come from diet.

Why does unfolding a protein (denaturing) make it unable to function in a living organism?

The function is established by the shape, so unfolding the protein (to denature) destroys the shape and function.

Why does an athlete eat a lot of pasta the night before a game?

To get enough energy from the carbs, and glycogen storage.

Proteins are chains of what monomer?

amino acids

List 3 foods that contain mostly lipids.

butter, mayonnaise, bacon grease

What structure in living organisms is made of a phospholipid?

cell membrane (phospholipid bilayer)

Which carbohydrate makes up the cell walls of plants?

cellulose

List 2 examples of saturated fats.

coconut oil, animal fats

Give 3 examples of proteins in living organisms.

collagen, pepsin, insulin

What is meant by a disaccharide?

double sugars (ex. sucrose and maltose)

List 3 ways that living creatures use lipids.

energy storage, organ cushions, body insulation

What function does cellulose serve when we eat it?

fiber, extracts toxins and extra fats, feeds good bacteria in stomach

List 3 foods that contain mostly carbohydrates.

fruit, potatoes, pasta

Which carbohydrate do animals store for later energy use?

glycogen

List 3 examples of lipids in living organisms.

hormones, cholesterol, phospholipids

List 3 ways that living creatures use proteins.

hormones, movement, enzymes

If the pH of the water in a pond goes from 5.5 to 3.5, the acidity of the pond has

increased.

List the general characteristics of unsaturated fat.

liquid at room temperature, bent shape

Why is cholesterol bad and good?

makes hormones, insulates organs, too much can lead to vascular restrictions

Another name for 'sugar' is what?

monosaccharide

Carbohydrates are chains of what smaller organic molecule?

monosaccharides (sugars)

What is meant by a polysaccharide?

more than two sugars

List the general characteristics of saturated fats.

solid at room temperature, straight shape

Which carbohydrate do plants store for later energy use?

starch

List 3 foods that contain mostly proteins.

steak, cheese, eggs

List 2 examples of unsaturated fats.

vegetable oil and fish oil