cardiac

what neurohypophyseal hormone stimulates the kidney to reabsorb water ?

ADH or Vasopressin

clinical condition caused by a chronic adreanl insufficiency

Addison disease

large artery classified as ascending, arch and desending

Aorta

Stenosis of this valve cause left ventricular hypertrophy

Aortic

through which of the following semilunar vavles does oxgenated blood pass?

Aortic

resistance vessles

Arterioles

the majority artery of systemic circulation is the

aorta

Purkinje Fibers

are distributed throughout the ventricular mayocardium

Purkinje fibers

are rapid conduction fibers that supply the ventricular myocardium

blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

arteries

which gland secretes melatonin and is called the body's "biological clock"

Pineal gland

which of the following is a consequence of backward failure associated with left-sided heart failure

Pulmonary edema

which of the following groups include all electrical terms

QRS complex, T wave, depolarization,pacemaker

Referring to the ECG, the P wave represents

atrial depolarization

an artery is a blood vessel that carries blood

away from the heart

because of their function , veins are called

capacitance vessels

exchange vessles

capillaries

which blood vessels have very thin walls and are called exchange vessels

capillaries

when normal diastole is shortened

cardiac function may be compromised, there may be a decrease in coronary blood flow, less blood is pumped

which term refers to the amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute ?

cardiac output

which of the following is an incorrect group

cardiac response to vagal discharge: (+) chronotropic effect, (+) inotropic effect

to ensure rich blood supply to the brain, the _______arteries supply the head

carotid and vertebral

an ejection fraction of 30% is

characteristic of a failing heart

a person with Graves disease may develop a protrusion eyes of with lid lag . this condition is called

exophthalmos

when the ventricles are quivering and unable to pump blood, the condition is known as

fibrillation

s1 is the

first heart sound

what hormone is secreted by the betaa cells of the islets of langerhans

insulin

what separates the right and left ventricles

interventricular septum

false statement regarding S1

it is caused by the firing of the SA node

which of the following is false regarding the myocardium

it is found in the ventricles but not the atria

which of the following is not true about the right ventricle

it is the ventricle that pumps blood to the systemic circulation

main vein that drains the brain

jugular

The tunica intima. tunica media, and tunica adventita are

layers of the blood vessels

The Aorta received blood from the

left Ventricle

the aortic arch and the right brachiocephalic arteries give rise to the

left and right common carotid arteries

which step is the next in the pathway of blood flow through the heart? Pulmonary artery to pulmonary artries to pulmonary capillaries to pulmonary veins to

left atrium

what is the hardest working cardic chamber and therefore has the thickest myocardium

left ventricle

the heart lies within the

mediastinal and thoracic cavities

Abnormal heart muscle sounds are

murmurs

Vagal nerve stimulation on the heart results in

no effect on the strenght of myocardial contraction

the iliac, femoral, and popliteal arteries

nourish the lower extremities.

hypertension increases afterload and increases the work load

of the heart

in right-sided heart failure, you would not expect

orthopnea

the umbilical vein carries

oxygentated blood from placenta to the fetus

the epicardium is the layer of the

pericardium

which of the following is false about the heptatic portal system

portal pressure is normally as high as aortic pressure

which one is not a layer

precordium

which of the following refers to the amount of blood in the ventricle at the end of its resting phase (distole)?

preload

during ventricular contraction, the AV valves close to

prevent the backflow of blood from te ventricles

if the ductus arteriosus fails to close after birth, blood shunts from the aorta to the

pukmonary artery

path of the blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs and back to the left atrium

pulmonary circulation

the main vein of the body is the

pulmonary vein

the site most often used to take a pulse is the

radial artery

The purpose of the left heart is to

receive oxygenated blood and pump it to all organs of the body.

the blood flow to the stomach, spleen, pancreas, and liver is referred as the

splanchnic circulation

what term refers to the amount of blood pumped by the ventricle in one beat

stroke volume

the brachial,radial and ulnar arteries

supply the arm

The path of blood from the left ventricle of the heart to the body cells and back to the right atrium

systemic circulation

which of the following best describes myocardial contraction and relaxtion

systole, diastole

the precordium is

the anterior chest overlaying the heart and great vessels

the valvular response to the contraction of the ventricels

the pulmonic valve and aortic valve

what is the cause of the ventricular hypertrophy

the ventricle is working too hard

During ventricular systole

the ventricles contract and eject blood

cardiac output

the volume of blood pumped out from each ventricle per minute

which statement is not true of arteries?

they have one-way valves

Cretinism develops in response to a severe decline in the funcion of whuch gland?

thyroid gland

cardiac impulse slows as it moves through the av node into bundle of HIS. the slowing down allows

time for the ventricles to fill during the atrial contraction

a vein carries blood

towards the heart

what is the name of the valve that prevents backflow of blood into the right atrium when the right ventricle contracts

tricuspid

the pulmonary artery carries

unoxygenated blood to the pulmonry capillaries where gast exchange occurs

because of its effects on the vagus nerve to reliev bradycardia, atropine is considered a

vagolyti drug

blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart

veins

referring to the ECG the QRS complex represents

ventricular depolarization

tiny veins that drain the capillaries and converge to form larger veins

venules

what is the cause of of the heart sounds "lubb-dupp"

vibrations caused by closure of valves

levels of cardiac enzymes (LDH, CPK, aspartate serum transaminase) and troponin increase

when myocardial cells are damage and leak their contents

activation of beta1 -adrenergic receptors casues a

(+) chronotropic effect

the normal adult heart rate averages

70-80 beats/min

the circle of Willis helps maintain a rich blood supply to the

brain

which of the following is true of coronary flow?

Coronary blood flow can increase, coronary blood flow is greatest during myocardial relaxation

artery located in the ankle/foot area

Dorsalis pedis

which of the following groups describes preload and afterload

EDV, resistance

veins that carry blood from the liver to the inferior vena cava

Hepatic

The pacemaker of the heart is the

SA node

Blood flows from the right atrium through whcih atrioventricular valve to the right ventricle

The triscupid valve

a person in right-sided heart failure may manifest it by

a pulsating jugular vein

Why may a "racing heart" (170 bpm) cause chest pain?

a racing heart decreases diastole, the period when coronary blood flow is maximal

what gland secretes ACTH , TSH and gonadotrophins

adenohypophysis (anteriror Pituitary)

What do the venae cave, pulmonary trunk, and aorta have in common?

all are called great vessels

starling's law of the heart

allows the heart to match cardiac output with venous return of blood

Depolarization is

an electrical event

the meadstream is a space between the lungs

between left and right lung

the adventita, media and intima are layers of the

blood

the correct sequence is

blood flows from the plumonary capillaries to the pulmonary veins to the left atrium to the left ventricle to the aorta

Excess vagal discharge causes

bradycardia

Excess vagal stimulation to the SA node is most likely to cause

bradycardia

decribes the LAD artery

branches of the left coronary artery

arrangement of arteries at base brain

circle of willis

large arteries are called

conductance vessels

branches of ascending aorta that supply the myocardium at the heart

coronary arteries

The coronary veins carry blood to the

coronary sinus

clinical condition cause by the over secretion of cortisol

cushing syndrome

Palsma elevations of CPK, AST, LDH, and tropnin are indicative of

dead myocadial cells

the pacemaker cell of the heart has spontaneous

depolarization

Which part of the aorta is located in the abdominal cavity?

descending aorta

s2 also known as the dupp heart sound heard at the beginning of ventricular relaxation

diastole

When is coronary blood flow greatest?

during myocardial relaxation

blood flow through the cornory arteries is greates

during ventricular relaxation

the precentage of the end-diastolic volume EDV that is pumped and that indicates cardiac health is known as the

ejection fraction

Graves disease and myexdema

hyperthyroidism

cardiac bllod flow:

in the normal heart, coronary blood flow increases with exercise. in a diseased heart coranary blood flow may be maximal at rest. in a disease heart exertion may cause ischemia and angina

Digoxin is a positive inotropic agent and therefore

increase cardiac output

during ventricular filling the ventricles are

relaxed

what are ventricles "doing" during atrial contraction

relaxing

drains the kidney

renal

artery that supplies the kidney

renal artery

in which structure is the oxygen saturation lowest

right atrium

The AV vavles close in response to

rising ventricular pressure during ventricular contraction

what is the longest vein in the body that is locatedin the lower extremity

saphenous

s2 is the

second heart sound

the plumonic and aoric valves are

semilunar valves

because of its (-) chronotropic effect on the heart, digoxin

should not be administered to anyone with a heart rate less than 60 beats/min

vagal stimulation on the heart

slows the heart rate