cardiac
what neurohypophyseal hormone stimulates the kidney to reabsorb water ?
ADH or Vasopressin
clinical condition caused by a chronic adreanl insufficiency
Addison disease
large artery classified as ascending, arch and desending
Aorta
Stenosis of this valve cause left ventricular hypertrophy
Aortic
through which of the following semilunar vavles does oxgenated blood pass?
Aortic
resistance vessles
Arterioles
the majority artery of systemic circulation is the
aorta
Purkinje Fibers
are distributed throughout the ventricular mayocardium
Purkinje fibers
are rapid conduction fibers that supply the ventricular myocardium
blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
arteries
which gland secretes melatonin and is called the body's "biological clock"
Pineal gland
which of the following is a consequence of backward failure associated with left-sided heart failure
Pulmonary edema
which of the following groups include all electrical terms
QRS complex, T wave, depolarization,pacemaker
Referring to the ECG, the P wave represents
atrial depolarization
an artery is a blood vessel that carries blood
away from the heart
because of their function , veins are called
capacitance vessels
exchange vessles
capillaries
which blood vessels have very thin walls and are called exchange vessels
capillaries
when normal diastole is shortened
cardiac function may be compromised, there may be a decrease in coronary blood flow, less blood is pumped
which term refers to the amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute ?
cardiac output
which of the following is an incorrect group
cardiac response to vagal discharge: (+) chronotropic effect, (+) inotropic effect
to ensure rich blood supply to the brain, the _______arteries supply the head
carotid and vertebral
an ejection fraction of 30% is
characteristic of a failing heart
a person with Graves disease may develop a protrusion eyes of with lid lag . this condition is called
exophthalmos
when the ventricles are quivering and unable to pump blood, the condition is known as
fibrillation
s1 is the
first heart sound
what hormone is secreted by the betaa cells of the islets of langerhans
insulin
what separates the right and left ventricles
interventricular septum
false statement regarding S1
it is caused by the firing of the SA node
which of the following is false regarding the myocardium
it is found in the ventricles but not the atria
which of the following is not true about the right ventricle
it is the ventricle that pumps blood to the systemic circulation
main vein that drains the brain
jugular
The tunica intima. tunica media, and tunica adventita are
layers of the blood vessels
The Aorta received blood from the
left Ventricle
the aortic arch and the right brachiocephalic arteries give rise to the
left and right common carotid arteries
which step is the next in the pathway of blood flow through the heart? Pulmonary artery to pulmonary artries to pulmonary capillaries to pulmonary veins to
left atrium
what is the hardest working cardic chamber and therefore has the thickest myocardium
left ventricle
the heart lies within the
mediastinal and thoracic cavities
Abnormal heart muscle sounds are
murmurs
Vagal nerve stimulation on the heart results in
no effect on the strenght of myocardial contraction
the iliac, femoral, and popliteal arteries
nourish the lower extremities.
hypertension increases afterload and increases the work load
of the heart
in right-sided heart failure, you would not expect
orthopnea
the umbilical vein carries
oxygentated blood from placenta to the fetus
the epicardium is the layer of the
pericardium
which of the following is false about the heptatic portal system
portal pressure is normally as high as aortic pressure
which one is not a layer
precordium
which of the following refers to the amount of blood in the ventricle at the end of its resting phase (distole)?
preload
during ventricular contraction, the AV valves close to
prevent the backflow of blood from te ventricles
if the ductus arteriosus fails to close after birth, blood shunts from the aorta to the
pukmonary artery
path of the blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs and back to the left atrium
pulmonary circulation
the main vein of the body is the
pulmonary vein
the site most often used to take a pulse is the
radial artery
The purpose of the left heart is to
receive oxygenated blood and pump it to all organs of the body.
the blood flow to the stomach, spleen, pancreas, and liver is referred as the
splanchnic circulation
what term refers to the amount of blood pumped by the ventricle in one beat
stroke volume
the brachial,radial and ulnar arteries
supply the arm
The path of blood from the left ventricle of the heart to the body cells and back to the right atrium
systemic circulation
which of the following best describes myocardial contraction and relaxtion
systole, diastole
the precordium is
the anterior chest overlaying the heart and great vessels
the valvular response to the contraction of the ventricels
the pulmonic valve and aortic valve
what is the cause of the ventricular hypertrophy
the ventricle is working too hard
During ventricular systole
the ventricles contract and eject blood
cardiac output
the volume of blood pumped out from each ventricle per minute
which statement is not true of arteries?
they have one-way valves
Cretinism develops in response to a severe decline in the funcion of whuch gland?
thyroid gland
cardiac impulse slows as it moves through the av node into bundle of HIS. the slowing down allows
time for the ventricles to fill during the atrial contraction
a vein carries blood
towards the heart
what is the name of the valve that prevents backflow of blood into the right atrium when the right ventricle contracts
tricuspid
the pulmonary artery carries
unoxygenated blood to the pulmonry capillaries where gast exchange occurs
because of its effects on the vagus nerve to reliev bradycardia, atropine is considered a
vagolyti drug
blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart
veins
referring to the ECG the QRS complex represents
ventricular depolarization
tiny veins that drain the capillaries and converge to form larger veins
venules
what is the cause of of the heart sounds "lubb-dupp"
vibrations caused by closure of valves
levels of cardiac enzymes (LDH, CPK, aspartate serum transaminase) and troponin increase
when myocardial cells are damage and leak their contents
activation of beta1 -adrenergic receptors casues a
(+) chronotropic effect
the normal adult heart rate averages
70-80 beats/min
the circle of Willis helps maintain a rich blood supply to the
brain
which of the following is true of coronary flow?
Coronary blood flow can increase, coronary blood flow is greatest during myocardial relaxation
artery located in the ankle/foot area
Dorsalis pedis
which of the following groups describes preload and afterload
EDV, resistance
veins that carry blood from the liver to the inferior vena cava
Hepatic
The pacemaker of the heart is the
SA node
Blood flows from the right atrium through whcih atrioventricular valve to the right ventricle
The triscupid valve
a person in right-sided heart failure may manifest it by
a pulsating jugular vein
Why may a "racing heart" (170 bpm) cause chest pain?
a racing heart decreases diastole, the period when coronary blood flow is maximal
what gland secretes ACTH , TSH and gonadotrophins
adenohypophysis (anteriror Pituitary)
What do the venae cave, pulmonary trunk, and aorta have in common?
all are called great vessels
starling's law of the heart
allows the heart to match cardiac output with venous return of blood
Depolarization is
an electrical event
the meadstream is a space between the lungs
between left and right lung
the adventita, media and intima are layers of the
blood
the correct sequence is
blood flows from the plumonary capillaries to the pulmonary veins to the left atrium to the left ventricle to the aorta
Excess vagal discharge causes
bradycardia
Excess vagal stimulation to the SA node is most likely to cause
bradycardia
decribes the LAD artery
branches of the left coronary artery
arrangement of arteries at base brain
circle of willis
large arteries are called
conductance vessels
branches of ascending aorta that supply the myocardium at the heart
coronary arteries
The coronary veins carry blood to the
coronary sinus
clinical condition cause by the over secretion of cortisol
cushing syndrome
Palsma elevations of CPK, AST, LDH, and tropnin are indicative of
dead myocadial cells
the pacemaker cell of the heart has spontaneous
depolarization
Which part of the aorta is located in the abdominal cavity?
descending aorta
s2 also known as the dupp heart sound heard at the beginning of ventricular relaxation
diastole
When is coronary blood flow greatest?
during myocardial relaxation
blood flow through the cornory arteries is greates
during ventricular relaxation
the precentage of the end-diastolic volume EDV that is pumped and that indicates cardiac health is known as the
ejection fraction
Graves disease and myexdema
hyperthyroidism
cardiac bllod flow:
in the normal heart, coronary blood flow increases with exercise. in a diseased heart coranary blood flow may be maximal at rest. in a disease heart exertion may cause ischemia and angina
Digoxin is a positive inotropic agent and therefore
increase cardiac output
during ventricular filling the ventricles are
relaxed
what are ventricles "doing" during atrial contraction
relaxing
drains the kidney
renal
artery that supplies the kidney
renal artery
in which structure is the oxygen saturation lowest
right atrium
The AV vavles close in response to
rising ventricular pressure during ventricular contraction
what is the longest vein in the body that is locatedin the lower extremity
saphenous
s2 is the
second heart sound
the plumonic and aoric valves are
semilunar valves
because of its (-) chronotropic effect on the heart, digoxin
should not be administered to anyone with a heart rate less than 60 beats/min
vagal stimulation on the heart
slows the heart rate
