Cardiac and Respiratory Review

3) What occurs at "A" on the graph? A) Semilunar valve opens. B) Semilunar valve closes. C) AV valve opens. D) AV valve closes. E) end systolic volume (Cardiac Cycle Picture)

A) semilunar valve opens

26) Cardiac output is increased by A) sympathetic stimulation. B) increased end systolic volume. C) decreased end diastolic volume. D) decreased venous return. E) inhibiting the atrial reflex.

A) sympathetic stimulation

47) Turbulent blood flow occurs A) when there are irregularities in the vessel wall. B) at low flow rates. C) within long and straight blood vessels. D) when blood pressure is excessively low. E) All of the answers are correct

A) when there are irregularities in the vessel wall

35) The thoroughfare channel ends at the A) artery. B) arteriole. C) capillary. D) venule. E) vein

D) venule

14) The volume of blood ejected from each ventricle during a contraction is called the A) end-diastolic volume. B) end-systolic volume. C) stroke volume. D) cardiac output. E) cardiac reserve

C) stroke volume

25) Which of the following would cause stroke volume to increase? A) when venous return is decreased B) when ventricular contraction is reduced C) when diastolic blood pressure is decreased D) decrease in heart rate E) All of the answers are correct

C) when diastolic blood pressure is decreased

42) Resistance is a force that A) increases blood flow. B) decreases blood flow. C) never changes in a blood vessel. D) acts with pressure to move blood along a vessel. E) is always higher than blood pressure

B) decreases blood flow

11) What is occurring in the left atrium at the circle labeled "2" on the graph? A) Left atrium is pressurizing the left ventricle. B) Left atrium is in systole. C) Left atrial pressure is decreasing. D) Left atrium is in diastole. E) Left atrium is receiving pressure from the left ventricle (Cardiac Cycle Picture)

B) left atrium is in systole

43) Total peripheral resistance is related to all of the following except the A) length of a blood vessel. B) osmolarity of interstitial fluids. C) turbulence. D) blood viscosity. E) blood vessel diameter

B) osmolarity of interstitial fluids

15) Each of the following factors will increase cardiac output except increased A) venous return. B) parasympathetic stimulation. C) sympathetic stimulation. D) heart rate. E) force of contraction

B) parasympathetic stimulation

40) Blood moves forward through veins because of all of the following except A) the pressure in the veins is lower than in the arteries. B) pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein. C) the respiratory pump. D) valves in the veins preventing the backward flow of blood. E) muscular compression

B) pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein

37) Venoconstriction ________ the amount of blood within the venous system, which ________ the volume in the arterial and capillary systems. A) doubles; decreases B) reduces; increases C) decreases; doubles D) increases; reduces E) reduces; reduces

B) reduces; increases

4) What volume is labeled "E" on the graph? A) cardiac output B) stroke volume C) end-diastolic volume D) end-systolic volume E) total cardiac volume (Cardiac Cycle Picture)

B) stroke volume

7) What occurs at the circled label "4" on the graph? A) ventricular ejection B) sympathetic stimulation C) isovolumetric ventricular contraction D) isovolumetric ventricular relaxation E) ventricular filling (Cardiac Cycle Picture)

C) isovolumetric ventricular contraction

39) A sample of tissue displays many large flattened spaces lined by fenestrated endothelium. Blood moves slowly through these spaces. This tissue sample most likely came from the A) heart. B) lungs. C) liver. D) kidneys. E) skin.

C) liver

22) Heart rate is controlled by neurons of the cardiovascular center located in the A) pons. B) thalamus. C) medulla oblongata. D) hypothalamus. E) higher centers

C) medulla oblongata

56)In response to hemorrhage, there is A) peripheral vasodilation. B) increased parasympathetic stimulation of the heart. C) mobilization of the venous reserve. D) constriction of elastic arteries to maintain blood pressure

C) mobilization of the venous reserve

55) Increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood will result in decreased A) heart rate. B) cardiac output. C) blood flow to the lungs. D) parasympathetic stimulation of the heart. E) sympathetic stimulation of the heart

D) parasympathetic stimulation of the heart

6) What occurs at the area labeled "B" on the graph? A) Ventricular ejection occurs. B) AV valve closes. C) Semilunar valve opens. D) Semilunar valve closes. E) AV valve opens. (Cardiac Cycle Picture)

D) semilunar valve closes

12) With each ventricular systole, A) blood pressure remains steady. B) the ventricles fill with blood. C) blood pressure decreases. D) cardiac output decreases. E) blood pressure increases.

E) blood pressure increases

52) Some of the fluid that is forced out of capillaries is returned to the blood by the A) muscular arteries. B) liver. C) hepatic portal vein. D) venules. E) lymphatic system

E) lymphatic system

36) Which of the following layers of a vessel contains collagen fibers with scattered bands of elastic fibers? A) tunica intima B) external elastic membrane C) tunica media D) internal elastic membrane E) tunica externa

E) tunica externa

41)The main control of peripheral resistance occurs in the A) arterioles. B) venules. C) veins. D) arteries. E) capillaries

A) arterioles

33) Capillaries that have a complete lining are called A) continuous capillaries. B) fenestrated capillaries. C) sinusoidal capillaries. D) sinusoids. E) vasa vasorum

A) continuous capillaries

20) Cardiac output can be increased by all of the following except A) decreasing ejection fraction. B) decreasing end systolic volume. C) increasing stroke volume. D) increasing ejection fraction. E) increasing heart rate

A) decreasing ejection fraction

8) What occurs at the circled label "7" on the graph? A) isovolumetric ventricular relaxation B) sympathetic stimulation C) isovolumetric ventricular contraction D) ventricular ejection E) ventricular filling (Cardiac Cycle Picture)

A) isovolumetric ventricular relaxation

5) What occurs at the circled label "5" on the graph? A) peak systolic pressure B) isovolumetric systole C) isovolumetric contraction D) ventricular refilling E) increased heart rate (Cardiac Cycle Picture)

A) peak systolic pressure

48) If a person has a blood pressure of 120/90, his mean arterial pressure would be ________ mm Hg. A) 210 B) 100 C) 93 D) 105 E) 90

B) 100

10) What occurs at the area labeled "C" on the graph? A) AV valve opens. B) AV valve closes. C) Ventricular filling begins. D) Semilunar valve closes. E) Semilunar valve opens (Cardiac Cycle Picture)

B) AV valve closes

51) When renin is released from the kidney, A) angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II. B) angiotensinogen is converted into angiotensin I. C) angiotensin I increases salt reabsorption at the kidneys. D) blood pressure goes down. E) blood flow to the kidneys decreases

B) angiotensinogen is converted into angiotensin I.

34) The smallest arterial branches are called the A) precapillary arterioles. B) arterioles. C) capillaries. D) venules. E) veins

B) arterioles

27) Activation of which kind of receptor causes heart rate to increase? A) alpha-one B) beta-one C) muscarinic D) beta-two E) preganglionic

B) beta-one

45) The vascular pressure that declines from roughly 35 mm Hg to about 18 mm Hg is the A) venous pressure. B) capillary hydrostatic pressure. C) diastolic pressure. D) peripheral pressure. E) pulse pressure

B) capillary hydrostatic pressure

28) Drugs that block the beta-one adrenergic receptors will A) increase heart rate. B) decrease heart rate. C) increase contractility. D) increase cardiac output. E) decrease the end-systolic volume

B) decrease heart rate

16) "An increase in end-diastolic volume increases the stroke volume" is a way of stating ________ law of the heart. A) Robin's B) Finch's C) Starling's D) Sparrow's E) Hawking's

C) Starling's

46) Clinically, the term blood pressure usually refers to A) arteriovenous pressure. B) capillary hydrostatic pressure. C) arterial pressure. D) peripheral pressure. E) pulse pressure

C) arterial pressure

18) The heart is innervated by ________ nerves. A) parasympathetic B) sympathetic C) both parasympathetic and sympathetic D) neither parasympathetic nor sympathetic E) somatomotor

C) both parasympathetic and sympathetic

23) The cardioacceleratory center activates sympathetic neurons and the cardioinhibitory center controls parasympathetic neurons. A) The first part of the statement is true but the second part is false. B) The first part of the statement is false but the second part is true. C) Both parts of the statement are true. D) Both parts of the statement are false. E) The first part is always true, but the second part is sometimes true

C) both parts of the statement are true

38) Venous valves are responsible for A) preventing anterograde flow. B) channeling blood away from the heart. C) channeling blood toward the heart. D) preventing blood from re-entering a ventricle. E) regulating blood pressure in veins

C) channeling blood away from the heart

9) What volume is labeled "F" on the graph? A) cardiac output B) end-systolic volume C) end-diastolic volume D) total cardiac volume E) stroke volume (Cardiac Cycle Picture)

C) end-diastolic volume

2) What volume is labeled "G" on the graph? A) cardiac output B) stroke volume C) end-systolic volume D) end-diastolic volume E) ejection fraction (Cardiac Cycle Picture)

C) end-systolic volume

53) Stimulation of the aortic baroreceptors reflexively results in A) stimulation of the cardioaccelerator center in the brain. B) increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart. C) increased activity by the parasympathetic nervous system. D) stimulation of the vasoconstrictive center. E) increased heart rate

C) increased activity by the parasympathetic nervous system

31) The muscular layer in the wall of a blood vessel is the tunica A) intima. B) externa. C) media. D) interna. E) adventitia

C) media

1) What occurs at the area labeled "D" on the graph? A) AV valve opens. B) Semilunar valve opens. C) Diastolic filling begins. D) AV valve opens and filling of ventricles begins. E) Ventricle contracts. (Cardiac Cycle Picture)

D) AV valve opens and filling of ventricles begins.

30) End-systolic volume is defined as the A) amount of blood a ventricle ejects per cycle. B) amount of blood which backflows into a ventricle. C) amount of blood remaining in an atrium after atrial systole. D) amount of blood remaining in a ventricle after contraction. E) stroke volume multiplied by the heart rate

D) amount of blood remaining in a ventricle after contraction

44) Blood flow to a tissue will increase if the A) level of oxygen at the tissue increases. B) level of carbon dioxide at the tissue decreases. C) veins constrict. D) arterioles dilate. E) arterioles constrict

D) arterioles dilate

13) An increase in the rate of action potentials from baroreceptors will trigger a reflex to A) increase heart rate. B) decrease heart rate. C) decrease blood pressure. D) both decrease heart rate and decrease pressure. E) both increase heart rate and increase pressure

D) both decrease heart rate and decrease pressure

54) When carotid and aortic baroreceptors reduce their output, A) heart rate increases. B) heart rate decreases. C) stroke volume increases. D) both heart rate and stroke volume increase. E) the heart rate will decrease to lower blood pressure

D) both heart rate and stroke volume increase

50) The blood colloid osmotic pressure mostly depends on the A) concentration of plasma sodium ions. B) concentration of plasma glucose. C) concentration of plasma waste products. D) concentration of plasma proteins. E) number of red blood cells

D) concentration of plasma proteins

29) If the force of ventricular contraction increases, what will happen to the end-systolic volume? A) increase B) fluctuate rapidly C) remain the same D) decrease E) reduced to zero

D) decrease

32) Compared to arteries, veins A) are more elastic. B) have more smooth muscle in their tunica media. C) have a pleated endothelium. D) have thinner walls. E) hold their shape better when cut

D) have thinner walls

17) Which of the following would increase heart rate? A) increased sympathetic stimulation of SA node B) decreased parasympathetic stimulation of nodal fibers C) increased levels of epinephrine D) faster depolarization of the pacemaker potential E) All of the answers are correct

E) all of the answers are correct

19) Stroke volume depends on A) end diastolic volume. B) the contractility of the ventricle. C) the pressure required to pump blood into the aorta. D) venous return of blood to the heart. E) All of the answers are correct

E) all of the answers are correct

21) Drugs known as calcium channel blockers such as nifedipine can be used to A) decrease the force of cardiac contraction. B) decrease blood pressure. C) dilate the coronary arteries. D) produce a negative inotropic effect. E) All of the answers are correct

E) all of the answers are correct

24) Which of the following is true about the atrial reflex? A) also called Bainbridge reflex B) triggered by atrial stretch receptors C) triggered by increasing venous return D) depends on sympathetic innervation E) All of the answers are correct

E) all of the answers are correct

49) When a person rises quickly from a sitting position, A) the carotid baroreceptors become less active. B) venous return is decreased. C) reflex vasoconstriction of peripheral blood vessels occurs. D) heart rate is reflexively elevated. E) All of the answers are correct

E) all of the answers are correct