Unit 2 Benchmark Study Guide

Describe a patriarchal society.

A society were men rule over everything

The first empire in world history was

Akkadian Empire

site of the Hanging Gardens

Babylon

How did the kingdom of Kush become a successful trading empire?

Because they had very good minerals and goods

administrative organization with officials and regular procedures that helped run the government

Bureaucracy

The Jews believed that God had made a contract with them, called a

Convenant

Hieratic script, a simplified version of Egyptian hieroglyphic writing, was used

For trading

a city in Kush

Meroe

Persian route from Lydia to Susa

Royal Road

How did the Hyksos conquered Egypt' Middle Kingdom.

With their horse drawn chariots

Persian religion

Zoroastrianism

During the New Kingdom, the Egyptian Empire reached its peak. What was one way it showed its power?

by creating large monuments

The Assyrians had the first large armies who carried weapons made of

iron

the pharaoh who later changed his name to Akhenaten

Amenhotep IV

site of one of the world's first libraries

Ashurbanipal

a people known for using terror as an instrument of warfare

Assyrians

Darius's elite cavalry and infantry forces were known as the Immortals because

Because one, died they would get replaced really quickly

What type of tools and weapons did the Egyptians learn from Hyksos?

Bronze

Which leader of the Persian empire expanded it into the largest empire the world had yet seen?

Darius

The term for a large political unit or state, usually under a single leader, controlling many peoples or territories is

Empire

Having been conquered by the Hyksos was not all bad for the Egyptians because the Hyksos taught the Egyptians

How to male weapons out of bronze

invaders who attacked the Egyptian Empire during its final days of power

Hyskos

The empire that Sargon established was continued by his grandson ____ but fell less than 100 years after his grandson's death.

Naram-sin

the Chaldean king who restored Babylon to glory

Nebuchadnezzar II

the period during which the Great Pyramid of King Khufu at Giza was constructed, showing the power of the Egyptian pharaohs

New kingdom

the name of Kush while it was still a part of the Egyptian Empire

Nubia

title of Egyptian monarch who possessed absolute power

Pharaoh

religious teachers whose words became a source of ideals for social justice as they condemned the rich for causing the poor to suffer

Prophets

the leader who established the world's first empire

Sargon

How was the Persian Empire sustained?

Thhe government payed attention to their people

In the patriarchal Mesopotamian society, what was the father's role?

To take care of the house hold

One example of the Assyrians' efficiency and effectiveness as administrators was

Was their good military tactics

Cyrus was called "the Great" because he

because he was very wise

Why did the Egyptians resist Akhenaten's religious reforms?

because it went against their original beliefs

What military strategy did Hammurabi use to conquer lands and create his new Mesopotamian kingdom?

divide and conquer

While the Hyksos attacked the Egyptians from horse-drawn chariots, the Egyptian soldiers were limited to

donkey drawn carts

Hammurabi is remembered for

establishing a collection of laws for Mesopotamian society

Religion provided the Egyptians with a sense of security, and Egyptian rulers were viewed as

gods

What is most unusual about the pharaoh Hatshepsut?

she was a woman

The Egyptians developed an accurate 365-day calendar by basing their year on

the nile

Although the pharaoh Ramses II tried to maintain the Egyptian Empire's strength, he failed because he was unable to hold out against

the sea people.

Unlike other religions of the time, political leaders in Israel

were close to their god

Why did the kingdom of Kush become such a successful trading empire?

Because they had very good minerals and goods there

Identify an example of Assyrians' efficiency and effectiveness as administrators.

Communication

king who extended the Persian Empire to India

Darius

What was the impact of Amenhotep IV's religious reform?

Egypt was furious and demanded for their oñd religion to be put back

a large political unit, usually with a single leader, that controls many territories

Empire

complex system of writing, meaning "sacred writings," that is made up of pictures and more abstract forms

Hyroglyphs

a distinct group organized in tribes that established the religion of Judaism, which later influenced both Christianity and Islam.

Israelites

way in which dead bodies of wealthy Egyptians were preserved from the time of the Old Kingdom

Mummification

The king of the Chaldeans who rebuilt Babylon was

Nebuchadnezzar II

Which Egyptian time period experienced a golden age of stability and expansion?

Old kingdom

Egyptian history is divided into three major periods, known as the

Old kingdom, middle kingdom and new kingdom

migrating groups who domesticated animals for food, shelter, and clothing and who also helped spread language, goods, and technology

Pastoral Nomads

In Hammurabi's code, punishments generally followed the principle of retaliation, or the idea that one must

Pay the price

the empire ruled by Cyrus the Great

Persian Empire

Egyptian society, with the god-king at the top, was organized like (picture in notes)

Pharaoh, Nobles and Priests, then the aritisians and the craftmen, then the farmers, them the slaves for last

part of a large complex of buildings dedicated to the dead

Pyramids

The development of Egyptian civilization was influenced most powerfully by

Ramsés II

Around 2340 B.C., the Sumerian city-states were conquered by the Akkadians under their leader

Sargon

the ruler of a province in the Persian empire

Satrap

Cyrus the Great showed such wisdom and compassion when he conquered Babylon that

The natives there were allowed to have governmental jobs

The Code of Hammurabi paints a portrait of a society in which

every crime was carried out by a law.

The "ten lost tribes" were

scattered Israelite tribes

Which of the following contributed to the efficient system of communication that was crucial to sustaining the Persian Empire?

their well maintained roads, fresh hrses and way stations