Care & Prevention of Injury | Exam 1
benefits of team approach to the delivery of healthcare
- allows for comprehensive prevention, assessment, & management of an injury or illness - the areas of injury prevention & immediate management are often overlooked or relegated to the coach, physical educator, or fitness specialist, regardless of their background
four elements of negligence
1. duty of care 2. breach of duty 3. harm 4. resulting harm that was a direct cause of the breach of duty
7 domains for certification
1. prevention 2. clinical evaluation & diagnosis 3. evaluation = assessment 4. immediate care 5. treatment, rehab, & reconditioning 6. organization & administration 7. professional responsibility
coach is legally responsible for:
1. selecting most appropriate equipment 2. properly fitting the equipment to the individual 3. instructing the individual in proper care for equipment 4. warning the individual of any danger in using equipment inappropriately 5. supervising & monitoring proper use of all protective equipment
how many states require licensure?
49
what percentage of Arkansas schools do not have appropriate medical services?
62%
American society for testing and materials
ASTM
this organization sets the awards the ATC credentials upon passing the test...
BOC; Board of Certification
organization that sets the area of instruction for athletic training education programs...
CAATE; Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education
Canadian standards association
CSA
which state does not require licensure for athletic training?
California
HECC
Hockey Equipment Certification Council
national association of intercollegiate athletics
NAIA
this organization establishes standards for professionalism, education, research, and practice settings...
NATA; National Athletic Training Association
national federation of state high school associations
NFSHSA
national operating committee on standards for athletic equipment
NOCSAE
what was the first state in the U.S. to require licensure?
Texas
reciprocal inhibition
active agonist contractions to relax a tight antagonist muscle
clinical evaluation & diagnosis
addresses responsibilities of the athletic trainer in using standardized clinical practices to make decisions regarding the nature and severity
prevention
addresses the risks associated with participation in sports & physical activities; severity ranges from minor to catastrophic; strategies simple to complex
VO2 Max
aerobic maximum
athletic trainers are employed by...
all of the above; physician practices, sports medicine clinics, industrial/occupational settings
duties of the team physician include...
all of the following; perform PPEs, qualify and disqualify athletes for competition based on medical issues, & facilitate referrals to other healthcare providers
athletic trainers
allied healthcare professionals, who work in collaboration with physicals to "optimize activity and participation of clients"; qualified to provide healthcare services to athletes to the physically active
battery
any unpermitted or intentional contact with another individual without their consent
evaluation
assessment
primary care physician
assumes a key role in providing medical care to athletes & physically active individuals of all ages
members of the athletic health care
athletes parents EMS physicians AT PT OT dentists optometrists strength & conditioning coaches equipment managers emergency active plan (EAP)
exculpatory waiver
based on the individual's assumption of risk and is a release signed by the individual or parent that releases the physician from liability of negligence
overload
based on the principle of _________________, if the physical demands placed on the body are within appropriate physiological limits, the body will adapt and improve its function
areas of education include all of the following except...
botany
sports medicine
broad & complex branch of healthcare, encompassing several disciplines; an area of healthcare & special services that applies medical & scientific knowledge to prevent, assess, manage, & rehabilitate injuries or illnesses related to sports, exercises of rec activities
occupational therapist
deals with fine motor movements & smaller tissues
The role delineation study (RD)...
defines the current entry-level knowledge, skills, and abilities for practice in the profession of athletic training
organization and administration
describes responsibilities of the athletic trainer in developing and executing a series of plans, policies, and procedures to ensure responsive and efficient operation
anaerobic
does not require oxygen for energy; uses lactic acid to convert nutrients to energy
individuality principle
each participant is different; individual participants have different responses to a conditioning program
Good Samaritan laws
enacted in many states by the 1960s; developed to encourage bystanders to assist others in need of emergency care by granting them immunity from potential litigation
duty of care
encompasses a variety of responsibilities such as teacher proper and appropriate techniques
which of the following is a written guarantee that a product is safe for use?
expressed warranty
(T or F) the athlete is not a part of the sports medicine team
false
coach is...
first response to injury
professional responsibility
focuses on expectations of the athletic trainer relative to adhering to ethical, legal, and other professional standards
muscle tension...
generates from tension in connective tissue or muscle fibers
HIPPA
health insurance portability and accountability of 1996; includes laws that are intended to protect the privacy of patients; CONFIDENTIALITY
low velocity
high mass forces falling on ground or ice ex. concussion
diagnosis
identification of an injury/illness based on assessment of signs & symptoms
immediate care
identifies the tole of the athletic training subsequent to determining the nature and extent of injury or illness
80%
if the desired result from a fitness program includes muscular strength, the intensity of the overload should be ________________ of the individual's maximum capacity...
informed consent
implies that an injured party has been reasonably informed of the needed treatment for the services that a coach may need to inform
golgi tendon organs
in a static stretch, the action of the __________ enables a safer, more effective stretch.
the final position should be held for 15-30 seconds, and repeated 2-4 times with a 30-60 second rest period between repetitions
in performing flexibility exercises, the duration should be as follows:
static strength
isometric contraction; no change in muscle length
dynamic strength
isotonic contraction
physical therapist
larger injuries; gross motor movements; came out of war effort
muscle spindles
lie parallel to muscle fibers and stretch with the muscle
high velocity
low mass forces struck by balls, pucks, bats, hockey sticks causes focal injuries ex. contusion
implied warranty
manufacturers have a duty of care to design, manufacture, and package equipment that will not cause harm
aerobic capacity
max amount of oxygen that the blood can use during a period of high intense exercise
which of the following is not an ethical principle established by the NATA's code of ethics?
members shall pay their dues every year and report all demographics changes or updates
static stretching
movement is deliberate and slow
eccentric
muscle resists in its own lengthening; joint angle increases during contraction
antagonists
muscles that oppose or reverse a particular movement
agonists
muscles that perform desired movement
to be an athletic trainer in the state of Arkansas, one has to be...
national certification & license
negligence
occur as a result of an action or lack of an action by a professional who had a legal duty of care
misfeasance
occurs when an individual commits an act that is their responsibility to perform, but uses the wrong procedure or performs the correct procedure in an improper manner; ex. failing to have consistency for a screening, procedure
nonfeasance
occurs when an individual fails to perform their legal duty of care; also known as an omission; ex. making an athlete compete on an injury
overload principle
physiologic improvements occur only when an individual physically demands more of the body than is normally required; body will adapt and improve its function
PPE
preparticipation examination
litigation
process of taking legal action
proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF)
promotes and hastens the response of the neuromuscular systems through stimulation of proprioceptors
extensive flexibility...
reduces the ability to effectively perform an action or skin
duration
refers to the length of a single exercise session
frequency
refers to the number of exercise sessions per day or week; varies on goals & fitness levels
intensity
reflects the caloric cost of work and the specific energy systems activated; amount of work being done during an exercise
ballistic stretching
repetitive bouncing motions at the end of available ROM
professional standard of care
requires an individual to use the knowledge, skills, & abilities that conform to the standard of care for their particular specialization
standard of care
requires an individual to use the knowledge, skills, and abilities that conform to the _____________ for their particular specialization
aerobic
requires oxygen to produce energy; lasts longer than several minutes
intensity of the overload
strength gains depend primarily on...
team physician
supervises the various aspects of healthcare & is the final authority to determine the mental & physical fitness of athletes in organized programs
overload & specificity
the __________________ principle states that the body responds to a given demand with a specific and predictable adaptation
strength
the ability of a muscle or group of muscles to produce force in one maximal effort
muscular endurance
the ability of muscle tissues to exert repetitive tension over an extended period
a muscle can only move a load through the ROM with as much force as the muscle provides at its weakest point
the disadvantage of isotonic training is that...
active inhibition
the muscle group relaxes prior to the stretching maneuver
comparative negligence
the relative degree of negligence on the part of the professional (defendant) and the participant (plaintiff) with damages awarded on a basis proportionate to each person's consciousness; ex. $100,000 total, coach responsible for $70,000, athlete responsible for $30,000
flexibility
total range of motion (ROM) at a joint that occurs pain-free in each of the planes of motion
specific adaptation to imposed demands (SAID) principle
used in order to develop a specific component of fitness; the body responds to a given demand with a specific need of the individual with regard to their fitness and skills goals as well as to the various body parts
the strength of a skeletal muscle is determined by the cross sectional diameter of the muscle fibers
which of the following statements is true?
vigorous stretching of tissues should be avoided in each of the following conditions except...
with normal healthy tissues followed by a brief warm-up period
tort
a wrong doing done by an individual for which the injured party seeks a remedy for damages suffered is called a...
foreseeability of harm
a situation in which danger is apparent, or should been apparent, resulting in an unreasonable unsafe condition called...
United States olympic committee
USOC
concentric
a _________________ contraction involves a shortening of muscle fibers which decreases the angle of the associated joint.
malfeasance
a coach suspects that a player has a lower leg fracture due to the visible angulation of the involved bones. the coach decides to straighten out the leg and immobilize the limb in the splint. the actions of the coach constitute: