Caring Interventions

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Which way of knowing encompasses the​ "art of​ nursing"? a Aesthetic knowing b Personal knowing c Empirical knowing d Ethical knowing

a (Aesthetic knowing encompasses the​ "art of​ nursing." Empirical knowing encompasses the​ "science of​ nursing." Ethical knowing is reflective of the​ "moral component" of nursing knowledge. Personal knowing refers to the​ nurse's ongoing​ self-exploration and journey toward​ self-actualization.)

A new nurse is meeting with his mentor. During their​ conversation, the new nurse​ states, "I want to be able to take care of my clients without always needing help. I want to feel like I know what I need to​ do, and I want to be able to provide my clients with the best​ care." Considering​ Maslow's hierarchy of​ needs, how should the mentor interpret the new​ nurse's statement? a His needs are related to​ self-esteem. b His needs are related to love and belonging. c His needs are related to​ self-actualization. d His needs are related to safety.

a (In​ Maslow's hierarchy of​ needs, esteem needs comprise​ confidence, independence,​ respect, competence, and achievement. In​ particular, the new​ nurse's statements reflect a desire for​ independence, confidence, and competence. Safety needs include physical​ safety, financial​ stability, harmonious family​ relationships, and freedom from psychological threats.​ Self-actualization is reflective of the​ individual's need to reach his highest level of function and​ fulfillment, both personally and professionally. Love and belonging needs are reflective of the​ individual's need to be cared about by and to fit in with others.)

The critical care nurse is conducting a physical assessment on a sedated client who is tracheally intubated and requires mechanical ventilation. Before the nurse places the diaphragm of his stethoscope on the​ client's abdomen, he​ states, "Mr.​ Ryhlman, I'm going to listen to your stomach now. My stethoscope might be a little bit​ cold." Which way of knowing is best reflected by the​ nurse's actions? a Personal knowing b Ethical knowing c Aesthetic knowing d Empirical knowing

a (Personal knowing requires the nurse to build an authentic personal relationship with the​ client, as opposed to simply viewing the client as an object. In this​ scenario, although the client is sedated and unable to verbally​ communicate, the nurse demonstrates viewing the client as​ person, rather than as an object to be assessed. Empirical knowing is based in​ nursing-related facts and observations and is objective in nature. Aesthetic knowing relates to the​ nurse's specific personal style during the delivery of care and develops through increasing awareness of and respect for other​ people's unique experiences and perspectives. Ethical knowing encompasses the​ "moral component" of nursing knowledge and requires the nurse to be aware of current nursing codes of​ ethics, as well as knowing the employing​ institution's rules,​ regulations, and values.)

As the nurse is discharging a​ client, the client​ states, "You​'ve been a great nurse. You​'re knowledgeable and​ skilled, and you have a great attitude. You​'re a real professional. " Which nursing caring behavior or process is the client best​ describing? a Competence b Presencing c Empowerment d Compassion

a (Rationale Competence is the nurse​'s ability to effectively demonstrate a set of​ attributes, such as professional attitude and​ knowledge, skills, and​ values, and to fulfill her professional responsibility through nursing practice. Empowerment assists the client to autonomously identify her own health needs in lieu of being instructed how to do so. Compassion develops as a result of being directly involved with the client​'s experience. Presencing involves the nurse​'s immersion in a nurse -client interaction that helps the client define her health choices while understanding the client​'s authority to make her own decisions.)

Which statements best reflect Western cultural views of asking for help as part of​ self-care? ​(Select all that​ apply.) a Western cultural beliefs may influence an individual to practice ineffective​ self-care. b Autonomous coping is highly valued in Western culture. c In Western​ culture, seeking social support tends to be viewed as a sign of strength. d Asking for help when needed is commonplace in Western culture. e In Western​ culture, coping styles usually are not subject to judgment.

a,b (In Western​ culture, autonomous coping is highly valued. As​ such, seeking social support may be viewed as a sign of weakness. To avoid appearing to be​ weak, individuals influenced by Western culture tend to avoid asking for help when​ needed; ineffective​ self-care may result.)

Which nursing action best reflects the principle of aesthetic​ knowing? ​(Select all that​ apply.) a Viewing the client holistically b Being sensitive to the client​'s needs c Demonstrating empathy toward the client d Providing compassionate client care e Applying​ nursing-related facts to client care

a,b,c,d (Rationale Key elements to the pattern of aesthetic knowing include​ empathy, holistic​ thinking, compassion, and sensitivity. Application of​ nursing-related facts is reflective of empirical knowledge.)

According to Roach, which are included in the six C's of caring in nursing? (Select all that apply.) a Commitment b Compassion c Competence d Comportment e Courtesy

a,b,c,d (Rationale: Courtesy is not listed by Roach as one of the six C's of caring. The six C's are; compassion, competence, confidence, conscience, commitment, and comportment. )

A terminally ill client says to the hospice​ nurse, "I​'m afraid to die. Just thinking about it scares me so much. Will you please hold my ​hand? " When the nurse offers to pray with the​ client, the client​ states, "I​'m an atheist. I think prayer is a waste of words. " Which response best demonstrates compassion in nursing​ care? ​(Select all that​ apply.) a Holding the client​'s hand b Using attentive listening as a communication technique c Facilitating a meeting between the client and the hospice organization​'s chaplain d Maintaining eye contact with the client e Singing a song that the nurse finds comforting

a,b,d (Rationale Examples of nursedash-client interactions that both reflect and facilitate the development of compassion include validating the client​'s experience through attentive listening and eye contact. Encouraging the atheist client to speak with the hospital chaplain is not congruent with compassionate care. Compassion is reflected when the nurse comforts the client in ways that are meaningful to the client.)

The nursing instructor asks the class to describe empirical knowing. Which student responses are most​ accurate? ​(Select all that​ apply.) ​a "It includes observations related to​ nursing." ​b "It's also called the science of​ nursing." ​c "It's subjective in​ nature." ​d "It can be developed through ongoing academic​ education." ​e "It incorporates​ nursing-related facts."

a,b,d,e (Rationale Empirical​ knowing, also referred to as "the science of ​nursing, " is based in​ nursing-related facts and​ observations, and in nursing theories and analyses that seek to explain these facts and observations. Methods of developing empirical knowing include ongoing academic nursing education. Empirical knowing is objective in nature.)

The nurse is creating a brochure about effective​ self-care for nurses. Which statements should the nurse include in the​ brochure? ​(Select all that​ apply.) a Effective​ self-care promotes enhanced critical thinking ability. b Effective​ self-care promotes depersonalization of clients. ​c Self-care activities include getting adequate rest. d Prayer and meditation are examples of​ self-care activities. e Effective​ self-care builds​ self-esteem.

a,c,d,e (Rationale Effective​ self-care leads to more than just physiologic health and physical fitness. Along with enhancing the individual​'s sense of​ well-being, effective​ self-care also builds​ self-esteem, which in turn promotes effective use of problem solving and critical thinking skills. Effective​ self-care reduces the risk for​ burnout, the manifestations of which include depersonalization of clients. General examples of​ self-care activities are eating a balanced​ diet, exercising on a regular​ basis, getting adequate rest and​ sleep, and engaging in recreational activities.)

Which conditions or behaviors are most likely to be exhibited by an individual who is​ bullied? ​(Select all that​ apply.) a Depression b Workaholism c Emotional distress d Socialization e Anxiety

a,c,e (For individuals who are​ bullied, effects may include emotional​ distress, anxiety, a sense of​ isolation, depression, and increased work absenteeism.)

The student nurse asks her nurse mentor to explain the factors that shape the caring process in nursing. Which statements should the nurse mentor include in her​ reply? (Select all that​ apply.) a "The process of caring can be influenced by the client care setting. " b "The nurse​'s level of development does not affect the caring process. " c "Perceptions do not affect the caring process. " d "Circumstances such as space do not affect the caring process. " e"Factors that influence the caring process may include the timing of the interaction.

a,e (Rationale The caring process is shaped by many​ factors, including an individual​'s ​perceptions, experiences, and values. The nurse​'s level of development also shapes the caring process as do circumstances such as the time and setting of the care being provided.Unseen​ processes, such as thoughts and​ emotions, may affect the client​'s concerns at any given time and impact the nature of care.)

During a classroom discussion about Maslow​'s hierarchy of​ needs, a nursing student​ asks, "What is the most basic level of ​need? " What is the best response by the nursing​ instructor? a "Love and belonging needs are the most​ basic; these include relationships and affection. " b "Physiologic needs are the most​ basic; these include shelter and water. " c "Esteem needs are the most​ basic; these include respect and competence. " d "Safety needs are the most​ basic; these include physical and psychological safety.

b (Rationale In Maslow​'s hierarchy of​ needs, physiologic needs are at the most basic​ level; these needs include​ air, food,​ water, and shelter. The second level is safety​ needs, which comprise physical​ safety, financial​ stability, harmonious family​ relationships, and freedom from psychological threats. The third level of need encompasses love and belonging and includes relationships and affection. The fourth​ level, self-actualization, is reflective of the individual​'s need to reach his highest level of function and​ fulfillment, both personally and professionally. The fifth and highest level is esteem​ needs, which include​ confidence, independence,​ competence, respect, and achievement.)

The clinical nursing instructor is evaluating a nursing student who has been struggling with inserting intravenous catheters. The nursing student​ states, "The other students are so much better at nursing than I am. I love comforting my​ clients, but I would rather be able to start an​ IV." Which response best reflects the relationship between​ competence, compassion, and nursing​ practice? ​a "Successfully inserting an IV is a direct reflection of compassionate client​ care." ​b "Safe, effective nursing care requires both compassion and​ competence." ​c "Technical expertise is very​ important, but compassion is the key to​ nursing." ​d "In nursing, technical expertise is more valuable than​ compassion."

b (To provide​ safe, effective client​ care, competence and compassion must coexist. Without​ compassion, nursing competence can be interpreted as impersonal and insensitive. In​ turn, compassion without competence presents real threats to​ clients' health and safety.)

At a nurses​'​ retreat, participants are discussing the characteristics of a​ self-aware nurse. Which descriptions are most​ accurate? ​(Select all that​ apply.) a "The ​self-aware nurse is free from​ assumptions, beliefs,​ values, and prejudices that can impair judgment. " b "Empathy toward others is a characteristic of the​ self-aware nurse. " c "A ​self-aware nurse is more likely to be respectful toward others. " d "The ​self-aware nurse is able to recognize personal strengths. e "The ​self-aware nurse does not have personal weaknesses.

b,c,d (Rationale Characteristics of the​ self-aware nurse include the ability to identify personal strengths and weaknesses. The​ self-aware nurse is aware of​ assumptions, beliefs,​ values, and prejudices that can impair judgment.​ Self-awareness promotes the nurse​'s ​understanding, respect, and empathy for others.)

The staff nurse is writing a journal article that explores the principle of caring as it applies to nursing. Which statements should she include in the​ article? ​(Select all that​ apply.) a Client care is synonymous with caring in nursing. b Caring in nursing extends beyond feelings of interest or concern. c In​ nursing, demonstration of caring includes the​ safe, proficient implementation of nursing interventions. d In​ nursing, concern for the client​'s ​well-being will produce​ safe, effective care. e Nursing interventions can be implemented in the absence of genuine caring.

b,c,e (Rationale Client care comprises the implementation of collaborative and independent nursing interventions that are intended to restore​ health, prevent illness or​ injury, or promote wellness. Yet nursing interventions can be implemented even in the absence of genuine interest or concern for the ​client's ​well-being. Likewise, genuine interest or concern for the client​'s ​well-being does not necessarily equate to​ safe, proficient implementation of nursing interventions. In​ nursing, the meaning of caring extends well beyond simply implementing interventions or feeling interest or concern.)

Mr.​ Terisson, a​ 53-year-old male​ client, is diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. His​ nurse, Layne, is with him when he receives the news from the physician. After the physician leaves the​ room, Mr. Terrison slams his fist against the wall and then silently stares out the window. Which nursing behaviors best reflect Layne​'s use of presencing in Mr. Terrison​'s ​care? (Select all that​ apply.) a Gently telling the client that his behaviors are rooted in fear b Speaking with the client​ face-to-face c Directing the client to assess his emotional response d Privately recognizing the client​'s behaviors as being reflective of powerlessness e Quietly sitting in the client​'s room

b,e (Rationale When​ presencing, the nurse does not direct the​ client; rather, by being​ present, the nurse serves as the client​'s guide. During​ presencing, the nurse remains​ receptive, open, and available without judging or labeling the client​'s ​perceptions, feelings, or behaviors.Forms of presencing include​ face-to-face discussions and lingering presence.)

Which caring behavior or process reflects the​ client's development of the ability to autonomously identify her own health needs in lieu of being instructed how to do​ so? a Compassion b Competence c Empowerment d Presencing

c (Empowerment reflects the​ client's development of the ability to autonomously identify her own health needs in lieu of being instructed how to do so. Compassion develops as a result of being intimately involved with the​ client's experience. Presencing involves the​ nurse's immersion in a​ nurse-client interaction that helps the client define her health choices while respecting the​ client's authority to make his own decisions. Competence is the​ nurse's ability to effectively demonstrate a set of​ attributes, such as professional​ attitude, personal​ characteristics, knowledge,​ skills, and​ values, and to fulfill the​ nurse's professional responsibility through nursing practice.)

The home care nurse visits a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease​ (COPD) to complete a scheduled teaching session about how to use a nebulizer. When the nurse greets the​ client, the client​ states, "I'm okay.​ I'm just feeling really depressed​ today." Although the client appears to be calm and in no physical​ distress, the nurse hears a faint wheeze when the client exhales. Which nursing response best reflects a​ competent, caring nursing​ intervention? a Encouraging the client to discuss his feelings and rescheduling the teaching session for the following day b Asking the client to choose another time for the teaching session and respecting his need for privacy by leaving c Expressing concern for the​ client's depression and asking him if he wants to discuss his​ feelings, but planning to complete the scheduled teaching session d Assembling the nebulizer for the client and immediately administering a breathing treatment to him

c (Leaving the client reflects neither competence nor caring in nursing. Were the client in respiratory​ distress, administration of a breathing treatment would take priority over psychosocial concerns.​ However, because the client appears to be calm and in no physical​ distress, the most appropriate response is to demonstrate genuine compassion and concern for the client by briefly exploring his statement about depression. Ignoring his comment and administering a nebulized breathing treatment might be interpreted by the client as suggesting disinterest or insensitivity on the​ nurse's part.​ However, the​ client's teaching is a​ priority, especially in light of the fact that he has COPD and is audibly wheezing. In the context of​ nursing, competent, caring nursing interventions combine genuine interest and concern for the​ client's well-being with​ safe, proficient client care.)

Which nursing behavior best reflects caring in​ nursing? a Demonstrating success when inserting intravenous access devices on the first attempt for all clients b Repositioning an uncomfortable client with the primary goal of stopping the client​'s complaining c Verbalizing concern regarding a client​'s complaint of anxiety and providing a back massage per the client​'s request d Silently empathizing with a client who complains of pain and hoping the client feels better

c (Rationale Caring in nursing combines genuine interest or concern for the client​'s ​well-being with​ safe, proficient implementation of nursing interventions that are intended to restore​ health, prevent illness or​ injury, or promote wellness. Caring in nursing is best reflected by the nurse​'s verbalizing concern regarding a client​'s complaint of anxiety and providing a back massage per the client​'s request. Repositioning an uncomfortable client primarily to prevent the client from complaining suggests an absence of genuine interest or concern. Silently empathizing with a client who is in pain is an incomplete representation of caring in​ nursing, as no nursing intervention is implemented. Taken​ alone, proficiency with clinical skills​ (such as insertion of intravenous access​ devices) does not fully reflect caring in nursing.)

The client tells her​ nurse, "You helped me learn how to recognize my own health needs without telling me how I should think. " Which nursing caring behavior or process is the client best​ describing? a Compassion b Presencing c Empowerment d Competence

c (Rationale Empowerment assists the client to autonomously identify her own health needs in lieu of being instructed how to do so. Competence is the nurse​'s ability to effectively demonstrate a set of​ attributes, such as a professional attitude and​ knowledge, skills, and​ values, and to fulfill her professional responsibility through nursing practice. Compassion develops as a result of being directly involved with the client​'s experience. Presencing involves the nurse​'s immersion in a nursedash-client interaction that helps the client define her health choices while understanding the client​'s authority to make her own decisions.)

The nursing instructor is teaching a class about the relationship between the concept of​ self-care and the concept of professional behaviors. Which statement should he include in the​ teaching? a Prioritizing​ self-care weakens the nurse​'s professional affiliation with nursing. b Focusing on​ self-care diminishes the nurse​'s professionalism toward clients. c Inadequate​ self-care can impair professional work performance by leading to decreased physical wellness. d Psychosocial wellness does not influence professional behaviors.

c (Rationale Inadequate​ self-care can lead to decreased physical and psychosocial wellness. In​ turn, decreased wellness may contribute to impaired work performance as well as a weakened affiliation with the profession of nursing. As a​ result, the nurse​'s demonstrated professionalism toward​ clients, peers, and other members of the healthcare team may suffer.)

During a midterm evaluation, the nurse educator tells the students they need to work on improving their aesthetic knowledge. Which is a good way for the students to accomplish this? a Take better notes. b Read about the same topic from a variety of sources. c Spend time in the clinical area with seasoned nurses. d Study harder.

c (Rationale: Aesthetic knowing is the art of nursing and is expressed by the individual nurse through his or her creativity and style in meeting the needs of clients. Understanding how other nurses meet the needs of their clients, and seeing a variety of methods to provide the same care, will help improve this type of knowledge for the students. The other options are ways to improve empirical knowing. )

A nurse educator teaches students about caring nursing practice. Which situation demonstrates that the nurse is able to implement the whole idea of caring? a The nurse takes care of aging parents in addition to providing care to immediate family. b The nurse is a volunteer at church and school events. c The nurse makes lists every morning, so the day stays organized and planned. d The nurse is able to carve out time for a favorite hobby at least once a week.

d (Feedback Rationale: It is imperative that nurses attend to their own needs because caring for self is central to caring for others. As nurses take on multiple commitments to family, work, school, and community they risk exhaustion, burnout, and stress. None of the other options depicts the nurse caring for self, but rather caring for other people or trying to stay on top of the many tasks involved in a daily routine. )

Which statement best describes caring in the context of​ nursing? a Concern for the​ client's well-being equates to​ safe, proficient client care. b Client care is synonymous with caring. c Implementation of nursing interventions always reflects concern for the​ client's well-being. d Caring extends beyond implementing interventions or feeling interest or concern.

d (In the context of​ nursing, caring extends beyond simply implementing interventions or feeling interest or concern. In​ nursing, the term​ "care" often equates to​ behaviors, which may or may not reflect caring. In​ particular, client care comprises the implementation of collaborative and independent nursing interventions. Nursing interventions can be implemented even in the absence of genuine interest or concern for the​ client's well-being.​ Likewise, genuine interest or concern for the​ client's well-being does not necessary equate to​ safe, proficient client.)

Which way of knowing refers to the​ nurse's ongoing​ self-exploration and journey toward​ self-actualization? a Aesthetic knowing b Empirical knowing c Ethical knowing d Personal knowing

d (Personal knowing refers to the​ nurse's ongoing​ self-exploration and journey toward​ self-actualization. Aesthetic knowing encompasses the​ "art of​ nursing." Empirical knowing encompasses the​ "science of​ nursing." Ethical knowing is reflective of the​ "moral component" of nursing knowledge.)

The nurse educator is instructing a group of students about ways of knowing. Which statement by the student best reflects ethical​ knowing? a "Ethical knowing relates to the nurse​'s specific personal style during care delivery. b "Ethical knowing refers to the nurse​'s ongoing​ self-exploration and journey toward ​self-actualization. c "Ethical knowing is rooted in​ nursing-related facts and observations. d "Ethical knowing applies to every intentional nursing action that may be subject to being judged right or wrong.

d (Rationale Ethical knowing incorporates every intentional action and behavior by the nurse that may be subject to being judged right or wrong. Personal knowing refers to the nurse​'s ongoing​ self-exploration and journey toward​ self-actualization. Empirical knowing is based in​ nursing-related facts and​ observations, and nursing theories and analyses that seek to explain these facts and observations.Aesthetic knowing relates to the nurse​'s specific personal style during care delivery.)

The new nurse tells his​ preceptor, open double quote"I want the other nurses to consider me competent and proficient.close double quote" Which category of Maslow​'s hierarchy of needs is reflected by the nurse​'s ​statement? a Safety ​b Self-actualization c Love and belonging d Esteem

d (Rationale In Maslow​'s hierarchy of​ needs, physiologic needs are at the most basic​ level; these needs include​ air, food,​ water, and shelter. The second level is safety​ needs, which comprise physical​ safety, financial​ stability, harmonious family​ relationships, and freedom from psychological threats. The third level is love and belonging​ needs, which include relationships and affection. The fourth​ level, self-actualization, is reflective of the individual​'s need to reach his highest level of function and​ fulfillment, both personally and professionally. The fifth and highest level is esteem​ needs, which include​ confidence, independence,​ competence, respect, and achievement.)

Which statement by the nurse best describes personal​ knowing? a "My client care is moral and ethical. b "During client​ care, I incorporate what I know about the art of nursing. " c "Nursing is a science. " d "Knowledge is a journey toward ​self-actualization.

d (Rationale Personal knowing refers to the nurse​'s ongoing​ self-exploration and journey toward​ self-actualization. Aesthetic knowing encompasses the "art of nursing. " Empirical knowing encompasses the "science of nursing. " Moral and ethical care reflects ethical knowing.)

The student nurse is following a preceptor on the assigned clinical shift. Which behavior of the nurse would the student interpret as caring? a Making sure that all medications and treatments are done on time b Advising the physician that the client wants to speak to him or her prior to a procedure c Using aseptic technique when performing a dressing change d Explaining an invasive procedure to the client, then asking if it is all right to begin the procedure

d (Rationale: Caring practice involves connection, mutual recognition, and involvement. It is more than just performing skills adequately or even efficiently. It's a sense that the nurse has made a difference to someone else. Caring means that people, relationships, and things matter. Explaining a procedure, then seeking permission to begin lets the client know that the nurse respects the client as an individual. All the other options are examples of appropriate and professional nursing care but do not address a caring aspect. )

A nurse is working in a busy intensive care unit. A client is admitted with extensive medical problems and requires a ventilator. Because the nurse has already been assigned to care for two other clients, the nurse requests that the nurse manager change assignments so that appropriate attention can be given to this new admission. Which one of Roach's six C's of caring is the nurse emulating? a Confidence b Compassion c Commitment d Conscience

d (Rationale: Conscience deals with morals, ethics, and an informed sense of right and wrong as well as an awareness of personal responsibility. This nurse understands the situation of taking on a critically ill client while already caring for two previously assigned clients and makes an appropriate request for a change in assignment. Compassion is about being aware of one's relationship to others, sharing joys, sorrows, pain, and accomplishments, and participating in the experience of another. Confidence is the quality that fosters trust. It means the nurse has comfort with himself, his clients, and his family. Commitment is a convergence between one's desires and obligations and the deliberate choice to act in accordance with them. )


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