cells in anatomy

Which of the following is most likely to move through the cell membrane by facilitated diffusion? a. Na+ b. small lipids c. O2 d. CO2

a. Na+

In general, to maintain homeostasis the relationship between our intracellular and extracellular fluids should be which of the following? a. isotonic to each other b. intracellular should be hypotonic to extracellular c. intracellular should be hypertonic to extracellular d. intracellular and extracellular should both be hypertonic

a. isotonic to each other

When a person is severely burned, fluid accumulates in pockets of skin called blisters. Which of the following cellular structures has been damaged and is the ultimate cause of fluid accumulation? a. plasma membrane b. microvilli c. centrioles d. cytoskeleton

a. plasma membrane

Which of the following is least likely to increase the rate of diffusion? a. small concentration gradient b. high temperature c. higher concentration of molecules d small molecule size

a. small concentration gradient

Which of the following solutions contains the most solute? a. equilibrium b. hypertonic c. isotonic d. hypotonic

b. hypertonic

What is the basic difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion across a cell membrane? a. simple diffusion is passive but facilitated diffusion is an active process that uses energy b. in facilitated diffusion, molecules only move with the aid of a protein in the membrane c. in simple diffusion, molecules move down the concentration gradient but in facilitated diffusion molecules move up the concentration gradient d. simple diffusion requires molecules to move through special doorways in the cell membrane

b. in facilitated diffusion, molecules only move with the aid of a protein in the membrane

Which of the following best explains diffusion? a. movement of molecules farther away from equilibrium b. movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration c. movement of molecules from where there are fewer of them to where there are more d. exchange of nonpolar molecules for polar molecules

b. movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

During which of the following phases does chromatin condense and become chromosomes? a. interphase b. prophase c. anaphase d. metaphase

b. prophase

Which of the following lists, in correct order, the phases of mitosis? a. prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase b. prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase c. interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase d. prophase, metaphase, anaphase, cytokinesis

b. prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

What process does a cell use to make an RNA copy of a segment of DNA? a. translation b. transcription c. cytokinesis d. replication

b. transcription

What happens when body cells are placed in a hypertonic solution? a. the cells will burst b. water leaves the cells and the cells shrink c. the size or shape of the cells does not change d. water enters the cell and the cell swells

b. water leaves the cells and the cells shrink

In which phase of mitosis does the number of chromosomes in a cell double? a. interphase b. telophase c. anaphase d. metaphase

c. anaphase

Which of the following is not required for osmosis to occur? a. selectively permeable membrane b. concentration gradient c. cellular energy d. water

c. cellular energy

In what cell stage does DNA replicate? a. cytokinesis b. prophase c. interphase d. anaphase

c. interphase

What process does water use to move across the plasma membrane? a. phagocytosis b. diffusion c. osmosis d. active transport

c. osmosis

During which of the following phases does DNA replication occur? a. prophase b. mitosis c. synthesis d. cytokinesis

c. synthesis

Prophase

centrioles separate and move toward opposite sides of the cell

Metaphase

chromosomes align at the center of the spindle

Anaphase

chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell

Anaphase 2

chromosomes stop moving at the completion of this phase

Telophase 4

cleavage furrow squeezes the cell into two parts

Telophase

cytokinesis is completed

Which of the following lists, in correct order, the phases of interphase? a. prophase, metaphase, telophase b. S, cytokinesis, mitosis c. G1, prophase, and S d. G1, S. and G2

d. G1, S and G2

What transport process can create a concentration gradient for sodium across the plasma membrane? a. endocytosis b. facilitated diffusion c. filtration d. active transport

d. active transport

What process permits absorption of glucose into cells? a. simple diffusion b. filtration c. osmosis d. facilitated diffusion

d. facilitated diffusion

If a person is severely dehydrated, their extracellular fluids will become hypertonic to the intracellular fluid. What do you predict will happen to the person's cells? a. the cells will swell b. extracellular fluids do not impact cell size, because cells contain intracellular fluid c. the cells will rupture d. the cells will lose water and shrink

d. the cells will lose water and shrink

Which of the following molecules brings the appropriate amino acid to the ribosome during protein synthesis? a. messenger RNA b. DNA c. ribosomal RNA d. transfer RNA

d. transfer RNA

Prophase 2

nuclear envelope and nucleoli break down and disappear

Telophase 2

nucleoli appear in each daughter cell

Telophase 3

spindle breaks down and disappears

Endocytosis

type of active process in which the cell engulfs extracellular substances by phagocytosis or pinocytosis

Solute pumping

type of active transport in which sodium and potassium are pumped across a membrane using ATP

Diffusion

type of passive process in which molecules move across the plasma membrane down a concentration gradient

Osmosis

type of passive process in which water is moved through aquaporins