Central Place Theory AP Human Geography

Dispersed Rural Settlements

A rural settlement pattern characterized by isolated farms rather than clustered villages. Midwest

Linear Rural Settlements

Buildings clustered along a road, river, or dike to facilitate communications - fields extent behind the buildings in long, narrow strips. French Long-lot system

Circular Rural Settlement

Central open space surrounded by structures Kraal villages in sub-Saharan Africa

Central Place Theory

Explains the spacial arrangement, size, and number of settlements. Can be used to identify profitable location for services. 1933 German Geographer Walter Christaller

Business Services

Facilitate the activities of other businesses. i.e. Professional, financial, transportation, and information

Urbanization

Growth of Urban Settlements increase in number of people increase in the percentage of people living in cities

Disadvantages of Primate Cities

Housing Shortages Traffic congestion Crime & pollution Urban/rural inequalities Concentration of power supplies Increasing land value Progressive core

Advantages of Primate Cities

Large-scale economy Attract overseas investment Attractive places of migration Resources, services, and infrastructure

Primate City Rule

Largest settlement has more than twice as many people as the second ranking settlement Mexico City - 8.9 million Guadalajara - 1.5 million

Significant Fact

MDCs have a Higher % of urban residents ...but... LDCs have more large cities 8 out of 10 most populous cities Cario, Delhi, Jakarta

Primate City

Major City that works as the financial, political, and population center of a country.

Primate Cities Examples

Paris, London, Mexico City, and Bangkok

Enclosure Movement

Process of consolidating small land-holdings into a smaller number of larger farms in England during 18th century Single farms more efficient Village populations declined and moved to cities Industrial Revolution

Public Services

Provide security and protection for citizens and businesses. i.e. Government workers, Police, (public good)

Consumer Services

Provide services to individual consumers who desire them and can pay for them. i.e. Retail & Wholesale, Health & Social, Education, Leisure & Hospitality, Other U.S. Jobs

Distance Decay

The further away 2 cities or ideas are the less likely they are to interact and move directly related to the gravity model and Reilly's Law of Retail Gravitation

Rank Size Rule

a country' nth-largest settlement is 1/n the population of the largest settlement 1-100,000 2-50,000 3-33,333 4-25,000

Clustered Rural Settlement

a rural settlement in which the houses and farm buildings of each family are situated close to each other, with fields surrounding the settlement. Hamlet or Village

Market Place / Hinterland

area surrounding a service.

sphere of influence

area under influence of the CP

Non Basic Incdustries

costumers live in the same community

Basic Industries

exports or consumers outside the settlement.

Outsourcing

insurance claims, transcription, celeriac work, low wages, speak english

Range

maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service.

Threshold

minimum population required to support the service

Gravity Model

predicts the degree of interaction between 2 places

high order settlements

provide high order services

low order settlement

provide low order services

Central Place

settlement that provides services for the population living around it.

low order services

simple, basic services (grocery store)

Offshore Financial Services

small countries (i.e. islands or micro states) low or no taxes privacy and bank secrecy laws

high order services

specialized (universities)

Christaller Assumptions

*an isotropic (all flat) surface *an evenly distributed population *evenly distributed resources *similar purchasing power of all consumers and they will patronize the nearest market *transportation costs equal in all directions *no excess profits (perfect competition)

Reilly's Law of Gravitation

*variation of the gravity model *Reilly used this model to establish the hinterland *2 cities of the same size would have a trade area boundary exactly in the middle of each city - the smaller the city the *closer the hinterland. *boundary between both cities is known as the breaking point