CES 101 Midterm #2

What is the federal minimum wage for tipped workers ?

$2.13

Evident of a history of medical racism, she was enslaved Black women who endured over 30 experimental surgeries from Dr Sims

Anarcha

Name four foods that are Highly subsidized?

Cotton,Corn,Soy, Wheat/Rice

described as a "geographic areas where residents' access to affordable, healthy food options (especially fresh fruits and vegetables) is restricted or nonexistent due to the absence of grocery stores within convenient traveling distance"

Food Desert

Typhoid Mary was

The first documented case of a restaurant worker getting customers sick

What happens to migrant workers when it rains?

They are not able to earn money since they are paid by the number of buckets

According to Peri

Immigrants tend to complement — rather than compete against — the existing work force

Generally speaking, which group has the best overall health in the U.S.?

Recent Latino immigrants (referred to as Latino Paradox)

"seeks to ensure that the benefits and risks of where, what, and how food is grown, produced, transported, distributed, accessed and eaten are shared fairly. Food justice represents a transformation of the current food system, including but not limited to eliminating disparities and inequities."

Food Justice

Not knowing where your next meal is coming from?

Food insecure (remember 40-50 million people are food insecure; 85% of families that are food insecure have 1 working family member)

What are 3 consequences of structural racism on the diet of communities of color?

Higher Fat,Higher sugar, Higher salt

What conclusions did Marcella Alsan and Marianne Wanamaker make regarding the impact of Tuskegee Experiment?

History of medical racism has created a culture of mistrust; "suggests that one-third of the black-white gap in male life expectancy in the immediate aftermath of the study could be attributed to the legacy of distrust connected to the Tuskegee study

Which of following is a systemic factor that contributes to whites disproportionately working in fine dining?

Housing Discrimination

What happened to Latina women in Iowa following immigration raids and Muslim women following 9/11?

Illustrating the effects of stress, of racism, of everyday experiences with micro aggressions, on health, women in both Iowa and California gave birth to children of lower weight

According to film the erasure of food insecurity within rural white America has this effect

It leads to attention on food insecurity within communities of color

According to class lecture, the term "colored" is no longer (and shouldn't be used) for all of the following reasons

It represents a history of racial violence; It is dated and embodies the history of Jim Crow; It is offensiv

African American men in Harlem have a shorter life expectancy than which groups mentioned in quiz

Japanese-American women in New Jersey; Bangladeshis; Cubans; Algerians living in Paris; Whites

According to readings, all of the following are structural causes of food deserts EXCEPT:

Lack of knowledge about healthy eating

What state has highest levels of food insecurity and obesity?

Missisippi

Because it was so commonplace, the forced sterilization of black women in Alabama is often referred to as?

Mississippi appendectomy

While celebrating success, _______ erases persistent inequalities, inequalities, and disparities (including COVID rates) experienced by Asian American Communities

Model Minority Myth

Presumption of the superiority of native-born citizens; favoring of allocations of resources to 'native-born citizens'; 3) fear of foreign cultures -

Nativism

According to Card, the arrival of Cuban immigrants in Miami resulted in?

No changes to wages or employment

According to class lecture, the term "colored" is no longer (and shouldn't be used) for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

Political Correctness

It formed following 9/11 to deal with the conditions facing restaurant workers

ROC

This refers to the 4-dollar difference in wages between white restaurant workers and restaurant workers of color

Race Tax

According to Williams and Collins what is the primary cause of health disparities?

Segregation because it leads to concentration of poverty and confinement to unhealthy environments

All of the following were mentioned as foods that receive huge governmental subsidies that result in mass production and use within processed foods EXCEPT

Sugar

According to A Place at the table, all of the following are stereotypes of "the hungry" EXCEPT:

They are the Working poor

Community with highest rates of Diabetes in world?

Tohono O'odham and Pimma Indians

The vast majority of food deserts are located here

Urban Areas

What did Brewster and Lynn concluded the following about tips?

While Black servers were rated more favorably than white servers, they were more likely to receive lower tips

Communities where toxic waste and chemical plants are built; communities where super polluter sites are located

sacrifice Zones

What is the most powerful predictor of health?

zip-code

What is federal minimum wage for tipped workers?

$2.13

The average food stamp benefit is ____ per day

$5

Poverty rates for restaurant workers is ____ times the rest of workforce

3

Compared to general population, with a rate of (6%), what percentage of undocumented immigrants has committed felonies?

3%

Black children are __ more likely than white children to have lead poisoning

3-5

Wages for restaurant workers have remained stagnant how many years?

30

Reflective of fact that farm workers experience highest toxic chemical injuries than workers in any other sector of the U.S. economy, an estimated _____ farmworkers suffering from pesticide poisoning annually

300,000

What percentage of federal sexual harassment suits were filed within the restaurant industry?

37%

According to the film, migrant children drop out at a rate ____ times the national average

4

According to A Place at the Table, how long ago did the federal government last increase school meal reimbursements commensurate with the cost of living?

40 years

What is percentage of restaurant workers in NY who are undocumented?

40%

What percentage of waiters admitted they discriminate against black customers ?

40%

Sexual Harassment in restaurant industry is ________ times the national average

5

As the result of a policy decision that cut off irrigation, resulting in reliance on processed food, what percentage of Tohono O'odham and Pimma Indians have diabetes?

50%

By late 1880s, black workers represented almost ____ of the hospitality industry

50%

Child poisoned with lead are___ times more likely to drop out of school & ____ times more likely to end up in the juvenile justice system

6&7

How many of lowest paying jobs are in restaurant industry?

7 out of 11

What is the percentage of farmworkers who earn more than $13.25?

7%

In Missisippi over ___ percent of SNAP eligible households travel more than 30 miles to shop at a supermarket

70%

Women constitute less than 50% of all restaurant workers, but over ___ of tipped Workers

70%

Latinx, Black and Indigenous children account for ____ COVID-19 deaths although they constitute 41% of Kids in the United States

78%

What percentage of Latinx workers are considered essential workers?

80% / 4 out of 5

Reflecting the impact federal food subsidies of cotton, corn,wheat,rice and soy,____ percent of America's calories come from processed foods, which are cheaper

85%

What percent of families that are food insecure have only ONE person working in the household?

85%

According to Tara Houska, ____ "percent of references in textbooks, children's textbook" to indigenous communities "are pre-1900s."

87%

Already represented more than 50% of meatpacking workers, people of color represent what percentage of meatpackers infected with COVID-19?

87%

What percentage of restaurant workers LACK health care?

90%

What Percentage of restaurant workers who earn less than minimum wage are people of color?

96%

Food deserts are of the following EXCEPT:

A community where food is cheaper

This refers to a community in Louisiana, where there are over 200 chemical plants, with 7 out 10 US Census tracts with highest cancer risks

Cancer Alley

This refers to process whereby wealthy people are pushing low-income households out of neighborhoods impacted by climate change

Climate Gentrification

What are the Two lowest paying jobs in America?

Dishwasher & Fast Food Worker

Where is nation's largest hazardous waste facility located? And what percentage of that town is African American?

Emelle,Alabama / Over 65%

'Refers to any policy, practice, or directive that differentially affects or disadvantages (whether intended or unintended) individuals, groups, or communities based on race or color

Environmental Racism

How much money do tomato workers earn for 25 lb. bucket of tomatoes; what about for 32 lb. bucket?

1 dollar for 25 lb.; 40-50 cents for 32 lb.

What is COVID-19 positivity rate among postal workers?

10%

What percentage of restaurant workers have paid sick leave?

10%

Evidence that zip codes are predictor of health and environment, and racism trumps class, Black families making 50-60 K are more likely to live in polluted neighborhoods (than white families who make ___ per year

10K

What percentage of restaurant workers are food insecure?

11%

In the United States, 1 in _____ working people labor in the restaurant industry

12

In April and May, what percent of meatpacking workers infected with COVID-19 were people of color?

16,000 / 9 out of 10 were people of color so 90%?

Making it difficult to wash hands in the midst of a global pandemic, Indigenous households are ___ times more likely than whites to lack complete plumbing systems

19

Food stamp use of restaurant workers ______ times the rest of workforce

2

How many Latino employees work in the back of the house?

2 out of 3

What percentage of restaurant workers earn a living wage?

20%

Recent reports note that___ Amazon workers have tested positive for Covid-19

20,000

According to Asian Pacific Policy and Planning Council, there were more than ____ anti-Asian American hate incidents between March and June

2100

How many people live in a food desert?

23.5 million (11 million live at or below 200 percent below poverty)

During the period from 1848 to 1928, at least ____ people of Mexican descent were killed by mob violence or lynchings in Texas

232

Brewster and Lynn study found what about tipping

Black servers were rated more favorably than white servers but received lower tips

Who is the father of "Environmental Justice"?

Bullard

Reflecting a history of medical racism, they were injected with plutonium, which went untreated

Cade

Racial health disparities are the result of what factors?

environment; everyday racism; access to health care; implicit bias in treatment; segregation

According to readings, lectures, and films, what are structural causes of food deserts?

housing discrimination; segregation; zoning; cheap land in suburbs; commercial flight from inner cities; commercial redlining; insurance costs; scarcity of supermarkets within communities of color blaming victims