CGS2060 Exam 1 Chapter 5

boot process step 2: Power-on self test (POST)

BIOS checks that all attached devices are placed and working and that the video card and video memory are responding correctly

boot process step 3: system files

BIOS looks through the storage disks for the system files, the main files of the operating system. it then loads the OS from its permanent storage location on the hard drive to RAM

folder

a collection of files stored on a computer

file

a collection of related pieces of information stored together for easy reference

library

a collection that gathers files from different locations and displays them as if they were all saved in a single folder, regardless of where they are actually physically stores

device manager

a feature in the operating system that lets your view and change the properties of all devices attached to your computer

recycle bin

a folder on the desktop where files deleted from the hard drive reside until you permanently purge them from your system

widget

a mini application that enables quick access to frequently used tools and activities; available on a MAC

boot process step 1: Basic input/output system (BIOS)

a program that manages the exchange of data between the OS and the input and output devices attached to the system

basic input/output systems

a program that manages the exchange of data between the operating system and all the input and output devices attached to the system. Also responsible for loading the operating system (OS) from its permanent location on the hard drive to a random access memory (RAM)

scrollbars

bars that appear on the side or bottom of the screen that control which part of the information is displayed on the screen

titles

colorful square icons that appear on the windows 10 start screen that are used to launch apps or navigate to other areas of your computer

registry

contains all of the different configurations (settings) used by the operating system (OS) as well as by other application

deleting files

files deleted from the hard drive go to the recycle bin folder on the desktop. They stay there until you permanently delete them. Files deleted from other drives are permanently deleted from the system immediately

directory

hierarchial structure that includes files, folders, libraries, and drives, used to create a more organized and efficient computer

file explorer

if you use a windows PC, File Explorer is the program that helps you manage your files and folders by showing the location and contents of every drive, folder, subfolder, and file on your computer

extension (file type)

in a file name, the three letters that follow the user-supplied file name after the dot; the extension identifies what kind of family of files belongs to, or which application should be used to read the file

windows

in a graphical user interface, rectangular boxes that contain programs displayed on the screen

viewing and sorting files and folders

in windows, when you are in a folder, you can use any of the viewing options to arrange and view your files and folders by clicking the views tab on the file explorer ribbon

list view

list view displays files and folders as small icons and file names, even smaller than in titles view. This is a good view if you have a lot of content in the folder and need to see most or all of it at once

menus

lists of commands that appear on the screen

toolbars

most programs have windows that include toolbars which have icons and scrollbars

ribbon

organized into task-specific tabs with relevant commands

icons

pictures on the desktop that represents an object such as a software application or a file or folder' shortcuts frequently used tasks

boot process (start up process)

process for loading the operating system into random access memory (RAM) when the computer is turned on

file management

providing organizational structure to the computer's contents

boot process step 4: Registry

registry is checked for further configurations and customizations. if the entire system is checked out and loaded properly, the desktop appears on your screen. the computer system is now ready to accept your first command

file path

starts with the drive in which the file is located and includes all folders, subfolders, the file name, and the extension

root directory

the C drive, which is the top of the filling structure of the computer system

path separator

the backslash character used by Windows and DOS

kernal (or supervisor program)

the essential component of the operating system, responsible for managing the processor and all other components of the computer system

power-on self-test (POST)

the first job the basic input/output system (BIOS) performs, ensuring that essential peripheral devices are attached and operational. This process consists of a test on the video card and video memory, a BIOS identification process, and memory test to ensure that memory chips are working properly

naming files

the first part of the file (file name) is the name that you give the file when you save it. In windows, following the file name and after the first dot or period comes a three-or-four letter extension. When you name your files keep in mind: each OS has its own naming conversations, name your files so that you can easily identify them, every file in the same folder or storage device must be uniquely identified

file name

the first part of the label applied to a file, similar to our first names, it is generally the name a user assigns to the file when saving it

system files

the main files of the operating system

details view

the most interactive view, as the files and folders are displayed in list form, with the additional file information displayed in columns alongside the file name

file explorer

the program in Microsoft windows that helps a suer manage files and folders by showing the location and contents of every drive, folder, and file on the computer

last known good configuration

the registry information that was saved during the last shutdown; used to start your computer if windows detects a problem in the boot process

authentication

verification of your login name and password; part of step 4 in the boot process

windows 10 basics

windows 10 operating system is designed to run on multiple devices. the windows desktop is the primary working area, and includes the task bar at the bottom that provides access to open and favorite applications

drive or organization

windows organizes the contents of the computer in a hierarchial structure comprising drives, folders, subfolders, and files. The hard drive is the C drive. There may be other drives depending on whether additional storage devices are installed in the computer

desktop

your computer's desktop puts at your fingertips all of the elements necessary for a productive work session that are typically found on or near the top of a traditional desk, such as files and folders